WCDMA band selection

TDD FDD 快衰落慢衰落UMTS频段划分FDDTDD极化分集分集技术(关键:各路信号要尽量不相关)空间分集频率分集频段划分概念RABRLS处理增益RL时间分集WCDMA一个码片距离衰落概念RAB sub-flowsRB角度分集MUD时间色散多用户检测技术 MUDPLMN标签(PLMN value tag)双工技术概念激活集观察集检测集小区更新混合编码波形编码参数编码(声码器)卷积码接收技术Rake接收技术软切换外环功控功率控制技术分集合并技术开环功控前向切换内环功控信道编码香农公式等增益合并Turbo码更软切换信源编码最大比合并选择性合并)1(log 02BN S B C +=URA更新事件转周期报告切换技术直接重试延迟触发时间事件的迟滞滤波系数硬切换加权因子小区惩罚切换相关参数小区偏置CIOHCS小区重选惩罚时间前向切换重定向Window_add Window_drop宏分集增益微分集增益1A1B1C1D1E1F2A2B2C2D2E2F3A3B3C3D软切换开销异系统软切换比例软切换链路增益软切换典型参数切换各类事件同频异频典型切换过程4A 4B6A6B6C6D6E6F 6G传输块大小TBSize BFN传输格式组合指示TFCI传输格式组合TFC传输信道格式传输格式指示TFI传输格式组合集合TFCS传输块集TBS传输块TB传输信道：传输信道是指由物理层提供给高层的服务。

传输信道定义了在空中接口上数据传输的方式和特性。

用于描述怎样传输数据以及数据的特征是什么。

专用公共(不支持软切换)RFNSFN传输块集大小TBSSize 业务量传输格式集TFSUE 内部测量传输周期TTI传输格式TFPRACH PCPCHDPCHCPICHPCCPCH SCCPCH SFN-SFNCFNDPDCH/DPCCH行SFN-CFN传输信道同步包含的计数器(传输信道同步在UTRAN和UE之间提供了L2帧的同步)DOFF帧协议FPT_CELL物理信道：是由一个特定的载频，扰码，信道化码（可选的），开始、结束的时间段（有一段持续时间）和上行链路中相对的相位（0或/2）定义的上行SCH PDSCHAICHPICHAPAICHCSICHCD/CAICHBCCHPCCHCCCHDCCHDTCHCTCH 小区搜索公共信道同步DPDCH/DPCCH同步扰码(Gold)帧内交织速率匹配下行同步过程信道化码/扩频码(OVSF)编码组合传输信道（CCTrCH）控制信道交织技术逻辑信道(用于描述传输的数据类型是什么)业务信帧间交织时隙物理信道一些概念无线帧载频，扰码，信道化码（可选的），开始、结束的时间段（有一段持续时间）和上行链路中相对的相位（0或 /2）定义的寻呼过程随机接入过程快速闭环功率控制过程CPCH接入过程物理层过程下行发射分集测量过程压缩模式概念压缩模式压缩模式参数同频切换测量进程层2MAC层2RLC层2PDCPRRC RRC连接建立过程RRC模式潜在用户控制PUC 层3UURNC迁移静态迁移准入控制CAC伴随迁移小区负载控制相关算法Uu接口各功能实体的功能AMRC DCCC AMR CS64K CS57.6K 7.55121525630128606412032业务速率和扩频因子SF关系拥塞控制LCCRNC DRNCCRNC 负载平衡LDB 动态速率控制相关算法PS域SRNCCS 域WCDMA业务速率2401648089604小区建立流程DCH-FPMIB主信息块SB 调度块SIB 系统信息块ALCAP频因子SF关系负荷因子各种因子概念系统消息MIB/SIB/SB软阻塞业务及业务速率与扩频因子SF的关系专用信道帧协议分四步激活因子邻区干扰因子i软硬阻塞正交因子扩频因子地理因子G接收分集发射分集Eb/No噪声系数RF接收机性能指标正确解调所需最小信号强度要求接收机灵敏度(dBm)基站发射/接收分集带外通信/带内通信孤岛效应乒乓效应硬阻塞拐角效应软硬阻塞红灯问题覆盖空洞针尖效应功率提升功率漂移底噪抬升(上行链路)信号盲区接收机底噪P N宽带信干比SNR(C/I)上行链路预算公式Eb/No、噪声系数、接收机灵敏度、解调需要最小信号强度、接收机底噪和宽带载干比PRACH信道接入前缀初始发射功率下行DPCH上发射功率上行DPCCH的初始发射功率DPDCH符号的下行最大/最小发射功率初始发射功率载频覆盖边缘小区载频覆盖中心小区邻区列表的生成原则输入阻抗驻波比反射系数回波损耗极化方式增益波瓣宽度前后比无源互调其他指标机械下倾电调下倾对称振子半波对称振子极化损失极化隔离上旁瓣抑制零点填充理想点源天线波长电调天线慢衰落快衰落衰落吞吐量馈线损耗天线相关概念1dB压缩点放大器功率回退天线电气指标渗透率 Penetrating RateCS业务模型PS业务模型单站点验证RF优化参数优化WCDMA中容量、覆盖和质量的关系话务模型概念PS业务用户行为参数业务模型参数容量增强技术网络优化步骤CS、PS 业务模型WCDMA覆盖与容量的平衡覆盖增强技术覆盖问题接入问题掉话问题切换问题CS域3G到2GCS域2G到3GPS域网络优化问题下行码发射功率小区驻留过程异系统重选过程上下行不平衡下行载波发射功率RSCP(Received Signal CodePower)RSSI(Received Signal StrenghIndicator)RTWP(Received Total WidebandPower)概念PDP CONTEXT NSAPIRAB IDAPN解析QoS协商QoutQinT312T313N312N313N315T_RLFAILUREN_INSYNC_INDN_OUTSYNC_IND3dB桥合路器双工合路器耦合器和功分器MPMDCVCHOPRRC消息中的缩写位置区LA、路由区RA、URA区和服务区SA之间的关系同步、失步相关参数接入层AS峰均比PAR常用射频器件非接入层NASSM基本概念传播模型建模用2G路测预测3G覆盖杂散或宽带噪声干扰阻塞干扰接收互调干扰发射互调干扰CSPSGPS采用频率李氏定理3N4N四种干扰机理小区分裂方法华为公司WCDMA设备支持的频点TRB和SRB GoSQoS模型校正和GPS信令面掉话用户面掉话比特率和符号率ITU信道类型3G规划中两种预测覆盖方法比较T300N300T312N312T302N302T304N304T305T307T308N308T309T312N312T313小区标示下行非正交的因素连接模式UE的定时器和常量(SETCONNMODETIMER)小区的切换半径本地小区与逻辑小区小区半径与切换半径对数周期天线原理空闲模式UE的定时器和常量(SETIDLEMODETIMER)信干比SIR和载干比CIRN313T314T315N315T316T317会话类流类交互类背景类UTRAN侧测量量UE RX-TX 业务类型LCD传输信道的复用遵循如下条件(CCTrCH)寻呼问题UDD时器和常量(SETCONNMODETIMER)早指配和晚指配接入过程分析指导书(25.211、25.213、25.214)切换相关问题三种测量功能两种显示模式参考电平TRACE菜单选项地图投影方式高斯-克吕格投影UTM投影频谱分析仪指标YBT250参数及功能天线下倾角计算解释上行：1920－1980MHz；下行：2110－2170MHz。

THE MUOS-WCDMA AIR INTERFACEJohn S.SadowskyGeneral Dynamics C4Systems 8201East McDowell Road,MD H2171Scottsdale,AZ852574804411534john.sadowsky@ABSTRACTWCDMA is a3rd generation wireless communication system developed for terrestrial cellular systems.The Mobile User Objective System(MUOS)uses WCDMA as a basis for its waveform definition,thus exploiting the extensive development of this advanced commercial communications technology.MUOS is,however,a geo-satellite system which in certain ways is a vastly different communications environment than the terrestrial cellular environment.This paper shall overview key changes to the WCDMA Layer1to yield the MUOS waveform definition.INTRODUCTIONThe Mobile User Objective System(MUOS)is a geo-satellite UHF communications system that utilizes the WCDMA air interface developed by the3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)for terrestrial cellular systems.The geo-satellite link,however,poses a number of different characteristics than terrestrial cellular.These include~600ms round trip propagation delay,tight multipath delay spreads(due to satellite elevation),and long coherence time(due to a UHF rather than S-band carrier).The satellite footprint is segmented into16beams.Adjacent satellite beams are somewhat analogous to interfering base stations in the terrestrial case;however satellite beams fade in unison as opposed to independent fading seen in terrestrial systems.Thus, MUOS cannot exploit many of the diversity techniques designed into3GPP WCDMA.This paper is a survey of the various MUOS changes to the3GPP WCDMA Layer1definition.An important topic for the full understanding of the MUOS waveform is power control.This paper shall discussion how the power control feedback is encoded and communicated over physical control channel.We do not,however, discuss any details of the power control algorithm–which is a topic worthy of an entire paper of its own.3GPP WCDMA was designed to deal with S-band Doppler can result in coherence times less than1m sec. This requires rather a rather large dedicated physical control channel(DPCCH)power overhead to support layer1signaling and receiver tracking algorithms.The much longer MUOS UHF coherence times makes this costly high DPCCH power overhead unnecessary,and, furthermore,there is a strong desire to minimize control channel overhead in order to maximize data bearing capacity.Thus,the MUOS waveform was designed to operate with significantly less DPCCH and CPICH power than is typical in terrestrial WCDMA.In the user-to-base(U2B)direction,the DPCCH(which included dedicated pilot symbols and physical layer signaling)power is reduced roughly7dB.On the B2U direction,the common pilot channel(CPICH)may be reduced as much as10dB.The reduction in DPCCH power(in both directions)requires a re-design of physical layer control channel FEC coding.In order to achieve time diversity gains with the very long coherence times,the MUOS coding system shall employ a Dovetail-Interleaving(DTI)scheme.In comparison to the typical3GPP interleaving span of40 m sec,MUOS DTI achieves spans of640m sec.This is done with a relatively minor augmentation of3GPP interleaving.THE WCDMA RADIO ACCESS BEARERThe Layer1and2transmit data flow is illustrated in Figure1for a WCDMA radio access bearer(RAB). The inter-layer interface consists of logical channels called transport channels(TrCH).Typically there is one TrCH for higher layer control,and there are one or more TrCHs for user dedicated data.TrCH data is presented as transport blocks(o r s i m p l y“blocks”).A TrCH transport format is the number of blocks to be transmitted.(In3GPP WCDMA,block size is also a variable transport format parameter.Each MUOS TrCH has a single fixed block size.)Layer 2has two sub-layers:radio link control (RLC)and media access control (MAC).There is one instantiation of RLC per TrCH.It performs packet segmentation and transport block construction,queuing and ARQ.The list of Transport Formats,one from each TrCH,is called a transport format combination (TFC).The main job of the MAC,in a nutshell,is to examine the blocks ready to transmit in the RLC queues and select the TFC.MAC TFC selection is constrained by TrCH priority and (in the U2B)available Tx power.Each RAB has a legal list TFCs –not all combinations are allowed.The MAC communicates its selection to Layer 1via the TFC indicator (TFCI).The TFCI is an important Layer 1control signal that must be received and correctly decoded at prior to de-interleaving and decoding of dedicated data.T Fscrambling codes as described in[3].Each UE is assigned a distinct scrambling code,which differentiates UE signals at the base station receiver.The DPCCH Spreading Factor(SF)is256,resulting in ten DPCCH symbols per slot.Of these ten,six are pilots,two are coded TFCI and two are coded PCC bits, as discussed below.The DPDCH SF varies from256to8,in powers of2, depending on data rate.SF is selected by the CCTrCH for each TFC,and the resulting number of DPDCH bits is10x256/SF per slot,or150x256/SF per frame.For each TFC,the SF is selected so that rate matching is achieved with no more than100%coded bit repetition. (The U2B rate matching algorithm strongly discourages puncturing in the U2B direction.)The MUOS U2B rate matching algorithm is the same as that used in3GPP;see [2].The DPDCH/DPCCH power ratio is also TFC dependent(in proportion to data rate)as in3GPP.As in 3GPP,power control controls DPCCH power,while DPDCH power is determined by the TFC dependent power ratio,which can change on TTI boundaries.The MUOS U2B DPCCH has6pilot symbols,2coded TFCI and2coded PCC bits per slot.The32bit3GPP Reed-Muller code is punctured to30bits,2of which are transmitted per slot(as in3GPP[2]).Recall that in3GPP different TrCHs can have different TTI,which means that the TFCI can change on frame boundaries. This is why the TFCI is encoded and decoded on each frame in3GPP.In MUOS,however,TFCI is constant across the(typically8frame)TTI.This allows the receiver to accumulate TFCI symbols across the TTI prior to TFCI decoding.Repetition across frames significantly improves TFCI reliability.For an8frame TTI the repetition gain is about9dB,which overcomes the7dB reduction(as mentioned in the introduction)of DPCCH power level relative to a terrestrial system. Likewise,the U2B PCC(power control feedback)is transmitted once every16frames.The30bit Reed-Muller coded PCC is repeated across these frames and decoded once after accumulating up to16frames of repeated PCC.Time Diversity Enhancement via Dovetail Interleaving As noted in the introduction,the MUOS UHF channel fading characteristics are significantly slower than the terrestrial cellular S-band case.All else equal, coherence times are roughly6are longer at UHF compared to S-band.However,all is not equal. Coherence time,which is inversely related to Dopplers p r e a d,r e s u l t s f r o m t h e U E’s v e l o c i t y r e l a t i v e t o a d e n s e multipath environment.Satellite elevation results in less terrestrial multipath than that occur from ground propagation in a terrestrial cellular system.While MUOS does support some high velocity vehicles,such as supersonic aircraft,these are generally not embedded in a rich multipath environment.Aircraft velocity results in a large Doppler shift,not a Doppler spread that would result in a reduced coherence time.MUOS vehicles that are embedded in a terrestrial multipath environment generally do not have the high velocities expected in terrestrial cellular systems.The end result is that MUOS coherence times are typically on the order of 100m sec or longer.MUOS channels do experience ionospheric scintillation. About85%of the users are expected to experience“o p t i m a l”ionospheric conditions,about1%are“s e v e r e l y s t r e s s e d,”a n d t h e r e s t a r e“w e a k l y s t r e s s e d.”Optimal and weakly stressed channels have a strong Ricean line-of-sight component;strongly stressed channels are purely Rayleigh.Stressed ionospheric scintillation also has a coherence time,but again,it is typically on the order of200m sec or longer.While most MUOS channels benefit from a relatively strong line-of-sight Ricean component,unfortunately MUOS does not benefit from the various diversities present in terrestrial cellular.The MUOS satellite footprint is segmented into16beams,and the base station receiver can perform beam combining–which is similar in implementation to terrestrial cellular antenna diversity(typically referred t o a s“s o f t e r h a n d o v e r”) between sectors.However,all beams see the same terrestrial/inonspheric fading channel.Thus,beam combining is really a beam forming technique that focuses a beam on the UE to reduce multiple access interference(MAI).It is not a true diversity technique. The only true diversity that is available to the MUOSU2B link is time diversity.However,as explained above,MUOS coherence times can be on the order of 100m sec or longer,while the maximum TTI is only80 m sec.Thus,it is desirable to significantly increase the interleaving time span without breaking the3GPP CCTrCH flow.The solution is dovetail interleaving(DTI).Recall in Figure1that the CCTrCH encodes transport blocks once per TTI,while the modulation sub-layer of Layer1 operates frame-by-frame.DTI is a frame interleaver thatis inserted between the two Layer 1sub-layers,as shown in Figure2.Figure 2:DTI enhanced Layer 1.The operation of DTI is shown in Figure 3.Data from successive TTIs are encoded by the CCTrCH and l a b e l e d A , B , C , … I n t h is example the TTI is 8frames.The CCTrCH encoded DPDCH frames are labeled A0,..,A7for TTI A,B0,..,B7for TTI B,and so on.The dovetail interleaver receives all 8encoded frames of a single TTI at once,and stores most in memory.It then plays them out over time,interleaved with DPDCH frames from other TTIs i n a “d o v e t a i l f a s h i o n .”The total transmission t i m e f o r a g i v e n T T I ’s data is DTM x TTI,where DTM is the dovetail multiplier .DTM =1indicates no DTI.In Figure 3,DTM =4.Figure 3:DTI operation on frames.Most MUOS U2B RABs have TTI =80m sec and DTM =8,resulting in an interleaving time span of 640m sec.Recall that the geo-satellite round trip delay is about 600m sec.Thus,DTI complement power control.Fading that occurs on a faster than 600m sec time scale can be mitigated using the time diversity that DTI provides.Fading that occurs slower than 600m sec time scale can be mitigated by power control.BLER for 9.6kbps RAB1E-031E-021E-011E+00B L E RFigure 4:Some DTI performance results.Figure 4presents some sample DTI performance results for the 9.6kbps MUOS RAB on three different MUOS channel models.This RAB may be operated with DTM =8or with no DTI (DTM =1).The results show 2-2.5dB improvement on stressed channels,and almost 1.5dB improvement on one optimal channel.THE BASE-TO-USER WAVEFORMThe B2U DPCCHThe Base-to-User (B2U)DPCCH consists of TFCI and PCC –there are no dedicated pilot symbols (unlike the 3GPP downlink).As in 3GPP,the DPCCH and DPDCH are both QPSK modulated and time multiplexed within each slot.B2U MUOS beams are like sectors in a terrestrial cellular system.All links transmitted on a common beam are scrambled with the same scrambling code,and various links within a beam are distinguished viadifferent orthogonal OVSF codes.Thus,an important issue in the B2U (as in cellular CDMA and WCDMA)is conservation of the OVSF code space.Unlike the U2B,B2U SF is constant (for the RAB)across all TFCs.SF is set to support the most heavily loaded TFC.Rate matching may employ somepuncturing in order to avoid SF reduction,and hence,conserve OVSF code space.Since the SF is fixed,the total number of DPCH bits (which includes both DPDCH and DPCCH bits)per frame is 300x256/SF.Rate matching is discussed in more detail below.DPCCH and DPDCH have the same SF.In 3GPP,each slot has the same number of DPCCH bits,and moreover,the TFCI can be decoded on a frame-by-frame basis.(Recall that different TrCHs can have different TTIs in 3GPP,but not in MUOS.)For MUOS,this is anexcessive DPCCH overhead,especially for low data rate (hence large SF)RABs.MUOS supports a 2.4kbps RAB at SF =ing the 3GPP design would result in as much as 40%DPCCH overhead for that RAB.Thus,to reduce DPCCH overhead,TFCI and PCC bits are distributed over the TTI (for TFCI)or PCC cycle,and decoded once.Unlike 3GPP,a frame is constructed using three slot formats:T,P and D.A T-slot contains TFCI bits and DPDCH bits,a P-slot contains PCC bits and DPDCH bits,and a D-slot contains only DPDCH bits.Figure 5shows how TFCI and PCC bits aredistributed across frames for a hypothetical 4frame TTI.The first 2slots of each frame are T-slots.Since there are 32Reed-Muller coded TFCI bits,each T-slot must bear at least 4TFCI bits.There may be integral order repetition,so the T-slots may have of 4TFCI bits.Including repetitions,the entire TFCI is distributedacross the frames of the TTI,and at the receiver decoded once perTTI.Figure 5:DPCCH insertion in the B2U.The B2U PCC is encoded using a (16,5)bi-orthogonal code,which is a sub-code of the (32,10)Reed-Muller code that can be encoded and decoded using the same algorithms.In the example of Figure 5,the PCCcodeword is transmitted over 8P-slots,with each P-slot bearing 2PCC bits.The B2U PCC is transmitted every 80m sec,so the four PCC code words shown in Figure 2are repetitions.Base-to-User Rate MatchingA second significant deviation from the 3GPP is in the B2U rate matching algorithm.In the 3GPP algorithm,a puncturing or repetition rate is set for each TrCH bybalancing block error rate (BLER)across TrCHs on the most heavily loaded TFC.For under-loaded TFCs (having fewer transport blocks),the rate matching algorithm inserts DTX bits in the DPDCH in order to maintain the same TrCH puncturing or repetition rates across all TFCs.Unlike the U2B whereDPDCH/DPCCH power ration varies with TFC,the B2U symbol amplitude is constant across TFCs.Thus,in the B2U power is throttled up or down with data rate via DTX bit insertion.This works fine for a terrestrial system,but not for a military system with strict user data rate requirements.I n a t e r r e s t r i a l s y s t e m , t h e “a d v e r t i s e d ” d a t a r a t e i s just the maximum rate achieved by the most heavily loaded TFC and does not account for block errors or ARQretransmissions.For example,consider a RAB with one dedicated data TrCH and one control TrCH.The TFC is indicated as {D N ,C N }where D N is the number of data blocks and C N is the number of control blocks.An “a d v e r t i s e d ” d a t a r a t e o f 32 k b p s m i g h t a c h i e v e d b y transmitting D N =4blocks of 320bits in a 40m sec TTI.The actual data rate that the user sees,however,is less due to block errors.Nonetheless,the rate matching rates (puncturing or repetition)will be set by the most heavily loaded TFC,which might be the {4,1}TFC.Alternatively,the {4,1}combination may be illegal (per the RAB defined legal TFC list),so the most heavily loaded may be either {4,0}or {3,1}.It is usually the case that the control TrCH has a higher MAC priority than does data.So control blocks transmission preempt data,and preemption for control blocks is not accounted f o r i n t e r r e s t r i a l “a d v e r t i s e d ” d a t a r a t e .Military systems,such as MUOS,are required to deliver a guaranteed user data rate.Thus,a MUOS RAB must include TFCs that transmit data at a higher rate than the specified rate in order to allow for block errors,retransmissions and periodic control preemption.In the above example,we will need to add {5,0}TFC extended data rate TFC,and probably also the {4,1}TFC toprevent control preemption at the specified 32kbps rate.These are called extended rate TFCs.(Like the rock band Spinal Tap ,our guitar amps with volume knobs that go up to 11instead of just 10.)This presents a problem.The most heavily loaded TFC will be one of these extended rate TFCs,which sets the puncturing or repetition rate for all TFCs.Since it is highly desired to constrain SF in order to conserve OVSF codes,the extended rate TFCs are very likely force excessive puncturing,and then.Excessive puncturing has a detrimental impact on performance,especially beyondabout20%puncturing for the3GPP rate1/3turbo code. Once3GPP sets the puncturing rate for the most heavily loaded TFC,i t m a i n t a i n s t h i s r a t e f o r a l l T F C s.T h a t’s OK for terrestrial systems because the most heavilyl o a d e d T F C i s t h e‘w o r k h o r s e’t h a t d e l i v e r s t h e advertised data rate.For MUOS,however,we would have the situation that an infrequently used extended rate TFC constrains the performance across the entire RAB, which is not acceptable.The solution is a MUOS modification to the3GPP rate matching algorithm.The TFC set is partitioned into two subsets:the nominal set and the exception set.The exception set contains the extended rate TFCs.The nominal set contains all other TFCs,and within the nominal set the most heavily loaded TFC should be the one that delivers the specified RAB data rate.The3GPP downlink rate matching algorithm,with DTX on under-loaded TFCs,is applied only to the nominal set.Thus, puncturing/repletion rates are set using the specified data rate TFC(which would be the{4,0}TFC in our example).This protects the nominal set from excessive extended rate puncturing.The rate matching for each TFC in the exception set is done in a fashion similar to the3GPP uplink algorithm. There is no DTX on exception set.For each exception set TFC,repetition and puncturing rates are set to completely utilize all available DPDCH bits.Of course, the exception set TFCs will have a diminished performance relative to the nominal set.To overcome this performance disadvantage,these TFC need a power boost,again,much like the3GPP uplink case.Figure3illustrates the MUOS solution.A frame is illustrated with T,P and D slots.As in3GPP,the DPCCH fields may be transmitted with inflated amplitude relative to the data.All nominal set TFCD P D C H s y m b o l s a r e t r a n s m i t t e d w i t h a f i x e d“n o m i n a l set amplitude”a n d p o wer is throttled back for under-loaded TFCs(in the nominal set)via DTX bit insertion. The nominal set TFC having the specified rate(the{4,0} TFC achieving32kbps in our example)will have no DTX,and will be transmitted at the nominal set amplitude.An extended rate TFC is transmitted with a large amplitude,in order to overcome its performance loss.。

胡迪y8960综合测试仪支持完善的WCDMA射频测试，和GSM与CDMA2000一样，并不是所有指标的手动测试都要求我们掌握y WCDMA终端测试遵循3GPP TS34.121协议，本文参照的是最新的Release 8标准y在本次培训中，我们使用的是E1963A A14.18，如果使用其他版本，可能在进入菜单界面的按键顺序上略有不同，不另作说明y注意：进行WCDMA测试的时候一定要用8960呼叫手机，否则就不能进入RMC层，就不能进行测试了。

y RMC：Reference Measurement Channelsy热耦功率计（Thermal Power）测量WCDMA平均功率（包括开环功率）y信道功率计（Channel Power）测量WCDMA信道功率（包括开环功率）y邻道功率泄露比（Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio）y波形质量（Waveform Quality）y BER（Loopback mode 1）y BLER（Loopback mode 2）y33K RAW BERy频谱杂散模板（Spectrum Emission Mask，SEM）y占用带宽（Occupied Bandwidth）y码域功率（Code Domain Power）y I/Q星座图（I/Q Constellation）y PRACH开关功率（PRACH ON/OFF Power）y PRACH前置码分析（PRACH Preamble Analysis）y相位不连续度（Phase Discontinuity）y闭环功率控制（Inner Loop Power Control）y动态功率测试（Dynamic Power）y频谱分析（Spectrum Analysis）y8960测试前的设置y按SHIFT+ Preset对8960进行全复位y按CALL SETUP→F1选择操作模式：Operating Mode→Cell Offy按More(左)移动到第2页，按F2设置Cell Parametersy设置BCCH Update Page =Autoy设置ATT (IMSI Attach)Flag State = Sety按F6关闭菜单y按F4设置Uplink Parametersy设置Maximum Uplink Transmit Power LEVEL =21dBm(手机功率等级为4)y按F6关闭菜单y按More(左)移动到第4页，按F1两次到Security Parametersy安全选项：鉴权并加密Auth & Int (缺省设置)y鉴权算法：Test 34.108(缺省设置)y按F6两次关闭菜单y以上操作完成后的界面如下：y8960测试前的设置（关于信道号设置的说明）y在改变Channel(UARFCN)Parameters设置之前，需将operating mode设置成Cell off，只需设置下行信号，上行信道号是根据下行信道自动更改的y在此设置中没有Band的设置，因为WCDMA中大多数的Band的Channel UARFCN号是唯一的，所以无须设置Bandy但是在Band V和Band VI中，有些信道号是重叠的，需要加以区分，首先将Frequency Band Indicator设置成on，一旦设置的信道号是重叠的号段，8960自动将Band Indicator变实，然后选择Band V或者Band VIy8960测试前的设置（关于信道号设置的说明）举例y按More (左)移动到第2页，按F3到Generator Info，按F3两次，再按F2进入到WCDMA Conn DLChannel Levels,进入如下界面y以上值可以缺省设置y按F6关闭菜单，再按F6三次进入主界面yy按More到第1页，按F1选择操作模式：Operating Mode→Active Celly按F7设置Cell Power =-93y如果是高通芯片，按More (右)到第2页，按F9设置RLC Reestablish =Offy按SAVE保存所有设置到寄存器1 Save Register1,下次可以直接从Register Recall调出参数设置y UE开机等待自动注册网络y如果使用的USIM卡不是Agilent的，那么在默认的Security information下，是需要Auth & Int的y这时如果没有正确设置此USIM所对应的Authentication Key，那么在与终端建立连接的时候，系统会报错，甚至在PS域下无法建立连接y Agilent的USIM卡所对应的Authentication Key默认是y4147494C:454E5420:54454348:4E4F0000y其他的USIM卡，是要输入相应的32位16进制数字，或者在CS连接的情况下，可以关掉鉴权，即securityoperation设置成noney Maximun RF Output Power √y Frequency Error √y Output Power Dynamics in the Uplinky Open Loop Power Control in the Uplink√y Inner Loop Power Control in the Uplink√y Minimun RF Output Power√y Out‐of‐synchronization handling of output power ×y Transmit ON/OFF Time mask √y Change of TFC *y Power setting in uplink compressed mode ×y√表示TA/LA都能支持y*表示只有LA支持y×表示8960不能直接支持y Occupied Bandwidth(OBW)√y Spectrum emission mask √y Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio(ACLR) √y Spurious Emissions×y Transmit Intermodulation×y Transmit Modulationy Error Vector Magnitude(EVM) √y Peak Code Domain Error√y UE phase discontinuity √y PRACH preamble quality*y√表示TA/LA都能支持y*表示只有LA支持y×表示8960不能直接支持y按More(右)移到第3页y按F7改变“UE Target Power”为21dBm y按F8设置UL CL Power Ctrl Parameters y设置UL CL Power Ctrl＝All Up bits y确认UL CL Power Algorithm ＝Twoy见下图:y按Measurement selection选择Thermal Power，见下图y测试频率误差是为了验证UE的发射机载波调制的精确度，频率误差范围要求在±（0.1×10+10-6）Hz内，进行测试的相关设置根据下表：y按CALL SETUP→More(左)移到第2页y按F3到Generator Infoy按F3两次y再按F2进入到WCDMA Conn DL Channel Levelsy再按F2进入WCDMA Conn DL Channel Levelsy确认Connected DPCH Level=可-10.30dBm可以看到如下界面：y按F7设置Cell Power=-106.7y确认手机仍处于连接状态y按More(右)移到第3页y按F7改变“UE Target Power”为21dBmy按F8 UL CL Power Ctrl Parametersy设置UL CL Power Ctrl Mode＝All Up bitsy确认UL CL Power Algorithm ＝Twoy按Measurement selection选择Waveform Quality,见下图：y总的说来，这一步的测试只需要在前面的步骤中将Cell Power=-106.7，然后选择Waveform Quality即可。

1ZTE MF62User Manual24567389ZTE CORPORATIONNO. 55, Hi-tech Road South, ShenZhen, P .R.China Postcode: 518057 Tel: +86-755-26779999URL: E-mail:**************.cnIntroductionZTE MF62 is a 3G/2G mobile hotspot device, working in GSM/GPRS/EDGE/WCDMA/HSPA/HSPA+ network. The client devices could connect to it via USB or Wi-Fi interface. The device supports data and SMS services, enabling you to communicate anytime and anywhere.This manual provides instructions on how to install and get started with the product. For information about connection of services, please consult your*Working time 4hoursOperate system Windows 7, Windows Vista(32bit or 64bit), Windows XP (SP2 or later), MAC (10.4 or later)Web BrowserIE (7.0 or later), Firefox (2.0 or later), Opera (10.0 or later), Safari (4.0 or later), Chrome (5.0 or later)Operating temperature 0ºC ~ +35ºC Storage temperature-20ºC ~ +50ºCCharging temperature 0ºC ~ +45ºC Humidity 5%~ 95%Notes:microSDis a trademark of SD Card Association.The device’s standby and working time are only for your reference, and based on ideal working environment.Getting to Know Your DeviceThe following figure shows the appearance of the device, it is only for your reference. The actual device may be different.Right Side Front Left Side BottomInterface and Buttons1. PowerHold the Power button to switch on/off the device.2. Memory card slot (microSD card)It is where you insert the memory card (microSD card).3. WPSThis button is used to start/end Wi-Fi Protected Setup authentication process and enable/disable the Wi-Fi function.• Hold it for 3 seconds to activate the WPS function.• When the WPS function is available, press it to deactivate the WPS function.• Press it to enable/disable Wi-Fi function.4. LED Screen It indicates the signal type, signal strength, battery, Wi-Fi, etc.5. External Antenna ConnectorIt is used to connect an external antenna to enhance the signal strength.6. Charger/USB port• Charge your device.•Connect the client to your device via USB cable.Notes:•Hold theWPS andPowerbuttons simultaneously until the LEDscreen turns off, and then release the buttons. The device will restartautomatically and restore to the factory default settings.•Please use the original external antenna if necessary.LED IndicatorWhen the device is powered on, the following icons will appear on the LEDscreen, with the corresponding indicates listed in the table below:Icon IndicationNetwork signal strength.Network type. 2G or 3G icon will appear on the LED screen according to the network being connected.Connect to the Internet automatically.Connect to the Internet manually.Roaming network indication.New message received.Wi-Fi Status and number of the connecting users.Battery power indication.Hardware InstallationInserting SIM Card and Battery1. Slide the back cover and remove it.2. Insert the SIM card into the SIM card holder.3. Insert the battery as shown with the contacts located against the metalsprings, and press the battery down into the case.4. Slide the back cover and lock the cover in its place.Inserting microSD Card1. Pull the microSD cover out of the card slot.Notes:Do not pull the cover rudely, as it is connected with the device.2. Insert the microSD card into the microSD slot. The following pictureshows the correct inserting direction. You will hear a click when the microSD card locks in place.3. Close the microSD cover.Switching On/Off Your DeviceHold thePower button to switch on/off the device.Notes:The device is powered on when the LED screen lights up.Charging Your DeviceYou can charge your device by using USB cable or adapter.1. Insert the charger lead carefully.2. The plug only fits one way. Do not use excessive force to insert the plug.LEGAL INFORMATIONCopyright © 2011 ZTE CORPORATION.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be excerpted, reproduced, translated or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without the prior written permission of ZTE Corporation.The manual is published by ZTE Corporation. We reserve the right to make modifications on print errors or update specifications without prior notice.Version No. : R1.0Establish a connection between your device andthe clientVia USB Cable1. Connect your device and the client with the USB cable.2. Power on your device.3. Follow the system prompts to complete the software installation.Notes:• If the system does not launch installation automatically, you can run theinstallation program in path of My Computer > Mobile Hotspot.• The driver of your device will be installed at the same time.4. After the installation, the system will create a shortcut icon on yourdesktop and a Mobile Hotspot program group in the Start→Programs menu. The connection between your device and the client will be established successfully a moment later.Via Wi-Fi1. Power on your device directly. It will take 1~2 minutes to initialize.2. Use your normal Wi-Fi application on the client to search the availablewireless network.Notes:You need to check your Wireless Network Connection. Set the client to obtain an IP address automatically in the Internet protocol (TCP/IP) properties, and the client will get an IP address like “192.168.0.100”.Working ModeYour device supports three working modes. For the client, we only use PC or laptop as the example in this document.USB Mode: Connect to the device with the USB cable.Wi-Fi Mode: Connect to the device via Wi-Fi.Mixed Mode: Connect to the device with the above two connection methods.Notes:If you want to connect to the Internet by using Wi-Fi mode, make sure that the client supports the Wi-Fi function.The following picture is the application example. All of the client devices can surf on the Internet at the same time.101112131415161718PIN Code VerificationIf the PIN code of your SIM card is enabled, you will need to input the PINcode when you login at the first time.Notes:The SIM card will be locked if you enter wrong PIN code consecutively for three times.If you want to modify the PIN Status, please select Settings > Advanced > PIN Manageto do the actions.Quick SettingsAfter logging in, select Quick Setup , and then the Quick Setup wizardappears.The Quick Settings wizard guides you how to set the basic parameters for your device in the safest way. After this procedure, you can use your Internet service.Notes:The parameter settings may have been preset by your service provider, and you will enjoy your Internet service directly. Please contact your service provider for details if you want to do some modification.WAN ConnectionAfter logging in, select WAN Connection , and you can choose the WANConnection Mode according to your requirement.SettingsAfter logging in, select Settings, and you can do the following operations.Select Settings > 3G Settings View the Wireless Information, select Band Selection Mode and change APN Setting.Select Settings >Wi-Fi SettingsView the current station list, change the basic wireless network settings, choose security mode and WPA type,and perform the WPS configuration.Select Settings > Firewall Set the Mac/IP/Port Filtering, Port Forwarding or the System Security configuration.Select Settings >AdvancedView the current status of your device, change the Administrator Settings, restore factory defaults, managePIN or set the LAN interface configuration.Notes:Make sure that you can remember the new password if you change the login password by selecting Settings > Advanced > Management . Please restore the device to the factory default settings in case you forget the new password.• Operating your device may interfere with medical devices like hearingaids and pacemakers. Please always keep them more than 20 centimeters away from such medical devices when they are turned on. Turn your device off if necessary. Consult a physician or the manufacturer of the medical device before using your device.• Be aware of the usage limitation when using your device at places suchas oil warehouses or chemical factories, where there are explosive gases or explosive products being processed. Turn off your device if required.• The use of electronic transmitting devices is forbidden in aircrafts, atpetrol stations and in hospitals. Please observe and obey all warning signs and switch off your device in these conditions.• Do not touch the inner antenna area if not necessary. Otherwise it willaffect your device’s performance.• Store your device out of the reach of little children. Your device maycause injury if used as a toy.• Do not touch the metallic parts of your device so as to avoid a burn,when your device is working.Using Your Device• Please use original accessories or accessories that are authorized. Usingany unauthorized accessories may affect your device’s performance, and violate related national regulations about telecom terminals.• Avoid using your device near or insidemetallic structures orestablishments that can emit electromagnetic waves. Otherwise it may influence signal reception.• Your device is not waterproof. Please keep it dry and store in a shadyand cool place.• Do not use your device immediately after a sudden temperature change.In such case, it will produce dew inside and outside your device, so don’t use it until it becomes dry.• Handle your device carefully. Do not drop, bend or strike it. Otherwiseyour device will be damaged.• No dismantling by non-professionals and only qualified technicians canundertake repair work.3. Select the SSID of your device, and then click Connect. The followingfigure is only for your reference.Notes:There will be a pop-up window to require the password. Check the label on your device to gain the SSID and preset password information. Please do remember the new password when you change the password by selecting Settings > Wi-Fi Settings > Security after logging in the WebGUI Configuration Page. You can restore the device to the factory default settings in case you forget it.4. Wait a moment, the connection between your device and the client willbe established successfully.Access the Internet1. Switch on the device.2. Establish a connection between your device and the client.3. After successfully establishing the connection, access the Internet in theAlways On and Manual mode. The default mode is Always On.Notes:You can browse the WebGUI Configuration page and click WAN Connection to set the WAN connection mode.Disconnect from the Internet1. Log in the WebGUI Configuration page, and select WAN Connection.2. Select Manual > Disconnect Internet.3. Click Apply.Notes:Turning off the device can also terminate the internet connection.SMSThis function allows you to view, send and receive short messages.After logging in, select SMS , and you can do the following operations.Select SMS > Device Operate the SMS in your device.Select SMS > SIM CardOperate the SMS in your SIM card.Select SMS > New Message Send or save SMS.Select SMS > SMS SettingsSet the SMS configuration.PhoneBookThis function allows you to store contacts to your device or SIM card.After logging in, select PhoneBook , and you can add a new contact in Add New tab, and perform operations to the contact in the Device or SIM Card tab.• Operating temperature range of 0ºC ~ +35ºC and humidity range of 5% ~ 95% are recommended.Using Battery• Do not short-circuit the battery, as this can cause excessive heat andfire.• Do not store battery in hot areas or dispose of it in a fire to avoidexplosion.• Do not disassemble or modify the battery.• When not using the battery for a long period, remove it from your deviceand store it in a cool dry place.• Never use any charger or battery damaged or worn out.• Return the wear-out battery to the provider or put it in the appointedrecycle place. Do not put it in familial rubbish.Warning:If the battery is broken, keep away from it. If it taints your skin, wash your skin with abundant fresh water and ask doctor help if necessary.Limited Warranty• This warranty does not apply to defects or errors in the Product causedby:i. Reasonable abrasion.ii. End User’s failure to follow ZTE’s installation, operation ormaintenance instructions or procedures.iii. End User’s mishandling, misuse, negligence, or improper installation,disassembly, storage, servicing or operation of the Product.iv.Modifications or repairs not made by ZTE or a ZTE-certifiedindividual.v. Power failures, surges, fire, flood, accidents, actions of third partiesor other events outside ZTE’s reasonable control.vi. Usage of third-party products, or usage in conjunction with third-partyproducts provided that such defects are due to the combined usage.vii. Any other cause beyond the range of normal usage intended for theProduct.Access the WebGUI Configuration Page1. Make sure the connection between your device and the client is correct.2. Launch the internet browser and enter http://192.168.0.1 or http://ufi.home in the address bar.Notes:It is recommended that you use IE (7.0 or later), Firefox (2.0 or later), Opera (10.0 or later), Safari (4.0 or later), Chrome (5.0 or later).3. The login page appears as follows. The following figure is only for yourreference.View the information of WAN, WLAN and Device. Input the case-sensitive default password “admin ”, and then click Login to access the WebGUI Configuration page.Notes:• Do not put anything on the top of your device. Do not lay devices tooverlap each other when using.• The device takes 1~2 minutes to initialize, and attach to the network.Usage of WPSIf your client device supports WPS, you need not to input the passwordmanually after WPS has been available. Please do the following:1. Start up your device.2. Launch the client device connected to your device.3. Enable the WPS function of your device.4. Enable the WPS function of the client.Notes:• If the current security mode of the device is OPEN or SHARE , the WPSfunction is useless.• For the detailed operations about the client, please refer to the client’sinstruction.Sleep ModeWhen you enable the Wi-Fi function and use the battery to supply power to the device, once no user connects to the device within 10 minutes or you press the WPS button, the device will enter the sleep mode, and the LED screen will be turned off. In the sleep mode, the Wi-Fi function will be disabled. Press Power or WPS button to wake up the device, and the LED screen will be turned on. Notes:With USB connection if no Wi-Fi user connects to the device within 10 minutes, only the Wi-Fi function will be disabled. Hold the WPS button about 3 seconds to enable this function.Warning and NoticeTo the Owner•Some electronic devices are susceptible to electromagnetic interference sent by your device if inadequately shielded, such as the electronic system of vehicles. Please consult the manufacturer of your device before using if necessary.End User shall have no right to reject or return the Product, or receive a refund for the Product from ZTE under the above-mentioned situations.• This warranty is End User’s sole remedy and ZTE’s sole liability fordefective or nonconforming items, and is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed, implied or statutory, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, unless otherwise required under the mandatory provisions of the law.Limitation of LiabilityZTE shall not be liable for any loss of profits or indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages resulting from or arising out of or in connection with using of this product, whether or not ZTE had been advised, knew or should have known of the possibility of such damages, including, but not limited to lost profits, interruption of business, cost of capital, cost of substitute facilities or product, or any downtime cost.How to Get HelpYou can get help by:• Sending E-mail to **************.cn • Visiting • Calling Service Hotline: +86–755–26779999。