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英语语法 句子成分分析及练习

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句子成分分析及练习-英语语法． 英语句子成分分析一个句子至少由两部分构成，即主语和谓语，

它们是句子的主要成分。子的次要成分包括宾语（包括双宾语中的直接宾语和间接宾语），表语，定（包括前置定语及后置定语），状语，同位语（包括限制性同位语及非限制性 同位语），补语。

主语：是一句话的中心，一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象一.

Time flies. （时光飞逝。）他们曾是老师。如：They were teachers.() 名词Time 作主语。这两句话中分别由代词They ， 一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等主语的位置： 充当。 名词做主语The school is far from here.

She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语 The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused lots of trouble. 他忘了告诉我开会的时间给我带来了很多麻烦。（从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）（

谓语 的动作和存在的状态(主语)二.：是对主语加以陈述，表示人或事物英

语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词

谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。 谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当，因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动 词，不能作谓语。且谓语动词可以体现时态，单复数的语法现象。

如：They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He enjoys singing songs.（他喜欢唱歌。） 这两句话分别由动词were （are 的过去式），enjoys singing （enjoy

doing动词短语）作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态，且主语的人称为第一人称，enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时，且主语的人称为第三人称。 .宾语：表示动作的承受者。三 (我和他玩。) 宾语放

在及物动词或者介词之后。如： I play with him. ）I like Chinese food.（我喜欢中国菜。 food 名词作宾语。 him ， 这两句话中分别由人称代词 直接宾语与间接宾语：间接宾语是指受益直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,有的

动词能够接双宾语， 于动词所表示行为的人。 （他给了我一本书） 如：He gave me a book. me 为间接宾语。a book 为直接宾语， 这句话中 ) My mother bought a schoolbag to me.(我妈妈买了一个书包给我。又如： 为间接宾语。 schoolbag 为直接宾语，me 这句话中 . 及物动词必须跟宾语.

直接接宾语的谓语动词及物动词: . 不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词 . 宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成 名词做宾语I saw a plane in the sky just now. 数词做宾语I want three.

动名词做宾语I like going shopping. 宾语从句We think predicting the future is hard.

四．宾语补足语（宾补）：对宾语的补充还须

加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外, ), 有时候句子的意思就不完整。这就是补语与定语状语的关键区别。(宾补

:

充当宾补的有 （名词）We elected him monitor. We will make them

happy.（形容词）) We found nobody in. ( 副词 Please make yourself at home. （介词短语）Don't let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（带to不定式） Don't keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I'll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）

五.表语：用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。 后是最常见的情况。be 接在系动词之后，其中接在系动词

) ) He is kind.. (如他心地善良。They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。 形容词 作表语。kind 这两句话分别由名词teachers，

和系动词的后面用在动b表语的位: 常见的系动词: am is are 1. be动词 等2. 与感觉有关的动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等3. 表示状态变化的动词，意为“变得” “变成” 如 get, grow, turn

名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。Your pen is on the desk. My dream is to have a robot. He got very angry.

nurse名词表身份）My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是一个护士。（) 形容

词表特征（This table is long. 这个桌子是长的。long 表状态）Children fall asleep easily.（形容词asleep （代词）Seventy-four! You don't look it. （数词）Five and five is ten. ) The picture is on the wall.( 介词短语 The question is whether

they will come.(表语从句）

定语：是用来说明或限制名词的成分六.可分为前置定

语和后置定语，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，构成前置定语；相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的 后面，构成后

置定语。作前置定语，修饰red 这句话由形容词这是个红太阳如： This is red sun. () sun.

) His work in the hospital is very hard.(他在这个医院的工作很

辛苦。又如： work。这句话由相当于形容词的介词短语in the hospital 作后置定语，修饰 This is a red sun.这是个红太阳。（形容词red修饰限定sun）

He is a tall boy.他是个高个子男孩。（形容词tall修饰限定boy) Da Ming is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词） （数词）We belong to the third world. ) The man over there is my old friend.(副词)

The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词 The trees planted last year are growing well now.(过去分词）

I have an idea to do it well.（不定式） You should do everything that I do.（定语从句）

七．状语：是用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。 常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。区别状语与定语的关键就是看其所修饰的部分，定语修饰名词，且起说明、限制作用。

状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。它可以表示时间、地点、方式、比较、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件和让步等。充当状语的有副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词短语、形容词、名词词组和从句等）常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。

如：The students study hard.(学生努力学习) 这句话由副词hard 作study的状语。 又如： Pandas only live in China. （熊猫仅生活在中国。） 这句话由介词短语 in China 作live的状语。 再如：In the afternoon, I went to swim. (下午，我去了游泳。) 这句话由介词短语in the afternoon 作整个句子的状语。

I will go there tomorrow.（时间状语）

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(英语)英语句子结构与成分解题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析

(英语)英语句子结构与成分解题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析

（英语）英语句子结构与成分解题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析一、句子结构与成分1．What is your new speech on, Mr. Smith?（选出宾语）A. WhatB. your new speechC. onD. Mr. Smith【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：你的演讲是关于什么，史密斯先生？on 介词后面跟宾语，特殊疑问词what在句中作on的宾语，故选A。

【点评】此题考查句子成分。

根据句子结构确定划线部分在句中的成分，选出正确答案。

2．—What an interesting story she told us!—Yes, and her voice sounded ________.A. sweetB. smallC. clearlyD. sadly【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊！——是的，她的声音听起来很甜美。

sweet甜的；small小的；clearly清楚地；sadly伤心地。

sound是系动词，后跟形容词，故选A。

【点评】考查系表结构。

3．John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______.A. S+V+OB. S+V+PC. S+V+IO+DOD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。

故答案为D。

【点评】考查句子成分。

牢记句子成分。

4．Choose the correct structure（结构） of this sentence "He lent me a book."A. S+V+OB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+PD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。

英语句子成分分析相关练习

英语句子成分分析相关练习

英语句子成分分析相关练习分析下列句子的句子结构1. we are working.。

2. I can swim very well.3. The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me.4. Why does the wind blow?5. The rain has been pulling down for a whole day.6. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.7. Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone.8. You must get the car ready by tomorrow.9. I have a lot of clothes to wash.10. He gave his son some advice on reading.11. Read me the first paragraph.12. I’ve ordered some soup for you.13. He began leaning English ten years ago.14. My being late worried my teacher.15. The president himself would visit our school.16. April fool’ Day is the special day of the year17. He usually takes a nap after lunch.18. I got it back at once.19. He finished lunch and went into the garden.20. The telephone rang.21. We study hard.22. His father might have died.23. Will you leave the door open/ unclosed24. Can you make the dog stand still?25. The landlord had them working day and night.26. A sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing.27. We all breathe, eat, and drink.28. I woke up at 6:00 in the morning.29. The book weighs five kilos.30. They will be flying to London.?1. We are working.主系表2. I can swim very well.主谓3. The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me.主谓双宾/主谓宾状4. Why does the wind blow?风为什么会吹？主谓5. The rain has been pulling down for a whole day.雨已经下了一整天了。

英语句子成分分析

英语句子成分分析

一、课前回顾二、知识要点及典型例题七年级上册语法句子成分分析英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物, 回答是“谁”或者“什么”。

通常用名词或代词担任。

如：I’m Mr. Green.2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。

主要由动词担任。

如：Jack cleans the room every day. Tom plays basketball every week.3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征, 回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。

通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。

如：My name is Ping ping . I am a student. Chatting on the internet is interesting.4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。

通常由名词或代词担任。

如：He can spell the word. I like apples. I hate you.★有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。

指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。

间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。

如：He wrote me a letter . He gave me a book. She paid me 10 yuan.★有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。

如：He wrote a letter to me . He gave a book to me. She paid .5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。

如：Shanghai is a big city . Tom is a naughty boy. Avangers is an interesting movie.6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。

用来说明地点、时间、原因、目的、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。

(完整版)英语句子成分分析相关练习(最新整理)

(完整版)英语句子成分分析相关练习(最新整理)

英语句子成分分析相关练习分析下列句子的句子结构1. we are working.。

2. I can swim very well.3. The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me.4. Why does the wind blow?5. The rain has been pulling down for a whole day.6. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.7. Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone.8. You must get the car ready by tomorrow.9. I have a lot of clothes to wash.10. He gave his son some advice on reading.11. Read me the first paragraph.12. I’ve ordered some soup for you.13. He began leaning English ten years ago.14. My being late worried my teacher.15. The president himself would visit our school.16. April fool’ Day is the special day of the year17. He usually takes a nap after lunch.18. I got it back at once.19. He finished lunch and went into the garden.20. The telephone rang.21. We study hard.22. His father might have died.23. Will you leave the door open/ unclosed24. Can you make the dog stand still?25. The landlord had them working day and night.26. A sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing.27. We all breathe, eat, and drink.28. I woke up at 6:00 in the morning.29. The book weighs five kilos.30. They will be flying to London.1. We are working.主系表2. I can swim very well.主谓3. The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me.主谓双宾/主谓宾状4. Why does the wind blow?风为什么会吹？主谓5. The rain has been pulling down for a whole day.雨已经下了一整天了。