读新闻_练BEC中级阅读(中英文对照)5

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BEC中级阅读 全球去年FDI创1.5万亿美元新高,联合国(UN)初步数据显示,去年全球外国直接投资(FDI)猛增至创纪录的1.5万亿美元,超过此前于2000年创下的1.4万亿美元峰值水平。Worldwide foreign direct investment surged to a record $1,500bn last year, surpassing the previous peak of $1,400bn in 2000, according to preliminary UN figures. 联合国贸易和发展会议(Unctad)在昨日发布的报告中表示,去年下半年的金融震荡并未冲击总体外国直接投资流动,不过2008年的前景更加不确定。The UN Conference on Trade and Development said in its report released yesterday that financial turmoil in the second half of last year had not hit overall FDI flows, although the outlook for 2008 was more uncertain. 美元走软可能鼓励了流入美国的外国投资,由于企业和其它持有不断升值货币的投资者纷纷抢购廉价美国资产,美国成为外国直接投资的最大接收国,吸引外国直接投资估计达1930亿美元。Dollar weakness may have encouraged inward investment to the US, the largest recipient attracting an estimated $193bn (€131bn, £98bn) in FDI, as companies and other investors with funds in appreciating currencies snapped up cheap American assets. 2007年富国和穷国吸引的外国直接投资都出现强劲增长,其中三分之二流向工业化国家,剩余三分之一流向发展中国家和俄罗斯等“转型”国家。Rich and poor countries alike saw strong growth in FDI in 2007, with two-thirds going to industrialized nations and the rest to developing and “transition” countries such as Russia. 受飞速发展的能源行业推动,去年外国对俄罗斯的投资跃升70%,至近500亿美元。Foreign investment in Russia, propelled by its booming energy sector, jumped 70 per cent last year to nearly $50bn. 联合国贸易和发展会议表示,外国直接投资反映出全球许多地区的强劲经济表现,以及在企业利润高企和收购资金充裕的推动下,跨境并购活动活跃。Unctad said the growth in FDI reflected a strong economic performance in many parts of the world and buoyant cross-border mergers and acquisitions activity fuelled by high corporate profits and an abundance of cash for purchases. 然而,在去年夏天的信贷紧缩之后,2007年下半年的并购交易额有所下降。联合国贸易和发展会议警告,世界经济各种下行风险可能影响2008年的前景。However, the value of M&As declined in the second half of 2007 following the summer’s credit squeeze. Various downside risks for the world economy could affect prospects for 2008, Unctad warned. “全球外部失衡持续存在、汇率大幅波动、利率不断上升和通胀压力不断加剧,以及大宗商品价格高企和波动,造成的风险可能对全球外国直接投资流动产生降温影响。”“Continuing global external imbalances, sharp exchange rate fluctuations, rising interest rates and increasing inflationary pressures, as well as high and volatile commodity prices, pose risks that may have a chilling effect on global FDI flows.” 英国紧随美国之后,以1710亿美元的外国直接投资流入,成为去年第二大新增外国投资接收国,法国以1230亿美元位居第三。欧盟(EU)是吸引外国直接投资最多的地区,占2007年全部外国投资额的40%。After the US, the UK was the second biggest host to new foreign investment last year with FDI inflows of $171bn, followed by France at $123bn. The European Union was the largest host region, accounting for 40 per cent of all inflows in 2007. 中国仍然是发展中国家中吸引外国直接投资最多的国家,其金额从2006年的690亿美元,略微下滑至670亿美元,但香港吸引的投资从430亿美元上升至540亿美元,增幅逾四分之一。巴西、墨西哥和新加坡并列第三,去年均吸引了约370亿美元的外国直接投资。FDI flows to China, still the biggest recipient among developing countries, de-clined slightly from $69bn in 2006 to $67bn, but investment in Hong Kong was up by more than a quarter from $43bn to $54bn. In equal third place, Brazil, Mexico and Singapore all netted about $37bn in FDI last year. 纳斯达克CEO称交易所面临电子交易商竞争 纳斯达克(Nasdaq)首席执行官鲍勃?格雷菲尔德(Bob Greifeld)日前预测,尽管全球证券交易所行业的大型参与者试图整合该行业,但业内将继续分化。The global stock exchange industry will see continued fragmentation in spite of attempts to consolidate it by large sector participants, the head of the Nasdaq Stock Market has forecast. 格雷菲尔德表示,未来将出现越来越多“类似于交易所”的机构,从而加剧该行业的竞争。“最近的监管变革实际上允许电子通信网络和其它规模较小的机构参与竞争,”他向英国《金融时报》表示。 Bob Greifeld said more and more “exchange-like” institutions will emerge in the coming months and years, adding competition to the business. “Recent regulatory changes essentially allow electronic communications networks and other smaller players to compete,” he told the Financial Times. 他指出,所谓的“暗流动性池”( dark liquidity pools)——投资者在公开市场以外进行交易——等非传统竞争渠道正日益受到青睐,这表明,尽管交易所行业出现了大量合并案,但分化仍在加剧。He pointed to the growing popularity of non-traditional sources of competition such as so-called “dark liquidity pools” – where investors trade outside the public markets – as evidence that in spite of a spate of exchange mergers, fragmentation was increasing. 降息不是解决信贷市场动荡的办法 亿万富翁基金经理雷伊o戴利奥(Ray Dalio)表示,降息不是解决目前信贷市场动荡问题的方法。戴利奥是最近数月为美国联邦储备委员会(Federal Reserve)提供建议的专家之一。Ray Dalio, the billionaire fund manager who was among the experts to advise the US Federal Reserve in recent months, has said interest rate cuts are not the solution to the turmoil in the credit markets. 基金公司Bridgewater Associates创始人和首席财务官戴利奥表示,实际上,长期解决方法将涉及汇率政策--比如中国人民币升值--以解决美国的贸易失衡问题。Rather, Mr Dalio, founder and chief investment officer of money manager Bridgewater Associates, said the longer-term solution would involve currency policies - such as a revaluation of the Chinese renminbi - to address the US's trade imbalance. "我们当前的信贷问题是国际收支问题的另一个方面,"他向英国《金融时报》表示:"这个世界一直充斥着流动性,资金不断从国外涌入,大量资金不得不迅速投资到位。""Our current credit problems are the flip side of our balance of payments problem," he told the Financial Times. "The world has been awash with liquidity and money has been pouring in from abroad, so lots of money had to get invested fast. "美元作为全球主要的储备货币,加之主要盈余国家的货币盯住美元,这催生了以美元计价的债务泡沫--即大量不负责任的美元贷款。此轮抵押贷款危机仅仅是这个问题的表象之一。""The dollar being the world's dominant reserve currency, coupled with the major surplus countries having their currencies pegged to the dollar, has led to a dollar denominated debt bubble - a lot of irresponsible lending in dollars. The mortgage crisis is just one reflection of this." 戴利奥运呼吁美联储停止降息,并为美国经济增长设立一个"现实的"目标:每年增长2.2%。这将是上世纪30年代以来的最低水平,同时也低于美联储2.5%的目标增长率。Mr Dalio called for the Fed to stop cutting interest rates and to set a "realistic" target rate for US growth of 2.2 per cent a year. That would be the lowest since the 1930s, and below the 2.5 per cent that is the Fed's target. 戴利奥表示,为了双方的利益,中国需要调高人民币兑美元汇率。China needed to revalue its currency against the US dollar for the benefit of both countries, said Mr Dalio. "(人民币)之所以处于目前的水平,是源自于一些历史原因,而它们不再适用,也是不可持续的。"他表