[考研类试卷]2012年北京航空航天大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷一、选词填空0 The Beatles sang that money can't buy you love. But what about happiness? Research consistently shows that the more money people have, the【C1】______likely they are to report【C2】______satisfied with their lives.And that makes【C3】______; money buys you things that make life easier and more satisfying; the【C4】______your life, the happier you tend to be. That【C5】______isn't entirely linear, since there's a limit to how【C6】______wealth can please you; the happiness benefit of an increasing income is especially powerful【C7】______people who don't have much money to start with, and diminishes as wealth【C8】______But studies also reveal that【C9】______average income levels have risen【C10】______time—in the U. S. and European nations, for example—residents of those countries have not reported being any happier than people【C11】______30 or 40 years ago. It's a paradox that【C12】______income and happiness may be associated within a population at any given moment, overall economic growth does【C13】______appear to correspond to a boost in national satisfaction over time.(See a gallery of things money can buy.)To understand why, researchers at the University of Warwick and Cardiff University decided to break down how individual people【C14】______their income. What does wealth【C15】______to people? Previous work has suggested that people tend to value their own wealth more—and are happier—when it compares favorably to everyone【C16】______The so-called reference-income hypothesis holds that it's not simply how much money you【C17】______that contributes to satisfaction,【C18】______how much more money you make than, say, the national average. The higher your salary than the norm, the happier you tend to be. That could explain in part【C19】______populations as a whole do not experience sunnier dispositions with economic growth, since a majority of individuals may not fall above the national income【C20】______1 【C1】2 【C2】3 【C3】4 【C4】5 【C5】6 【C6】7 【C7】8 【C8】9 【C9】10 【C10】11 【C11】12 【C12】13 【C13】14 【C14】15 【C15】16 【C16】17 【C17】18 【C18】19 【C19】20 【C20】二、写作21 You will read a table indicating the population of Chinese students studying abroad. Write a composition in no less than 120 words to describe the trend of the changes andthe possible causes for these changes.22 Science and technology has greatly improved our life and contributed to human civilizations. However, some say, at present we are pursuing the scientific development at the cost of human nature. Do you agree with this opinion? Why and why not? Write an essay with the title; "The Challenge of Science on Humanity" in no less than 200 words to illustrate your point.三、选择题23 Research shows that eating a better diet may delay the______of certain diseases in some patients.（A）onset（B）induction（C）uptake（D）origin24 The investors will discontinue their investment on the product if its costs continueto______.（A）propagate（B）prolong（C）elevate（D）escalate25 Although sales have continued to increase since last May, the rate of increasehas______.（A）resurged（B）retaliated（C）decelerated（D）demeaned26 The company that Susan works for is ______with an automotive company, so she can get a discount on a new car.（A）correlated（B）paralleled（C）accounted（D）affiliated27 I think William would be most suitable for the job. His work record is______.（A）impeccable（B）impartial（C）rudimentary（D）justified28 The powers and satisfactions of primeval people, though few and meager,were______their few and simple desires.（A）circumscribed by（B）commensurate with（C）fossilized by（D）simultaneous with29 These bright colors look good on you because of your dark______.（A）complexity（B）composure（C）complexion（D）composition30 In the 20th century, the discovery of radium______ the popular imagination; not only was its discoverer, Marie Curie, idolized, but its market value______that of the rarest gemstone.（A）stormed... diminished（B）horrified... approached（C）enflamed... exceeded（D）conspired... triggered31 Some writers who once greatly______the literary critic have recently recanted, substituting ______for their former criticism.（A）lauded... censure（B）disparaged... approbation（C）simulated... ambivalence（D）influenced... analysis32 Fashion is partly a search for a new language to discredit the old, a way in which each generation can______its immediate predecessor and distinguish itself.（A）conform（B）condone（C）repudiate（D）resurrect33 Were animal parents judged by human standards, the cuckoo would be one of nature's______ creatures, blithely laying its eggs in the nests of other birds, and leaving the incubating and nurturing to them.（A）mettlesome（B）industrious（C）conscientious（D）feckless34 The eradication of pollution is not merely a matter of______, though the majestic beauty of nature is indeed an important consideration.（A）aesthetics（B）legislation（C）cleanliness（D）economics35 Since the 15th century, animals have been used as______for people in experiments to assess the effects of therapeutic and other agents that might later be used in humans. （A）benefactors（B）companions（C）surrogates（D）precedents36 The artist's delicate watercolor sketches often served as______of a subject, a way of gathering fuller knowledge before his final engagement of the subject in an oil painting. （A）a synthesis（B）an abstraction（C）a reconnaissance（D）an enhancement37 Winsor McCay, the cartoonist, could draw with incredible______: his comic strip about Little Nemo was characterized by marvelous draftsmanship and sequencing. （A）sincerity（B）efficiency（C）virtuosity（D）rapidity38 The barrier of language keeps many scientists in prolonged ignorance of work of immediate importance to them______at present in many countries.（A）doing（B）to be done（C）having done（D）being done39 The general effect of the irradiation from the nuclear leakage is less obvious,but______serious.（A）not the less（B）much less（C）none the less（D）no the less40 Issues of price, place, promotion, and product are______conventional concerns in planning marketing strategies.（A）these of the most（B）most of those（C）among the most（D）among the many of41 When we encounter more difficulties, we should be more spirited, and we should be more courageous______.（A）the more danger we are in（B）the more in danger we are（C）we are in more danger（D）we are in danger more42 If not______with the respect he feels due to him, Bob gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.（A）being treated（B）be treated（C）having been treated（D）treated43 A<u>Not only does</u> this theoretical approach seek out B<u>previously neglected</u> literary works, C<u>but it also illuminates</u> the ways in which race, ethnicity, and the imbalance of power D<u>informs many works</u>.44 Researchers A<u>who perform</u> qualitative studies, B<u>such as</u> observations and interviews, C<u>are interested in</u> interpreting behavior by first watching, D<u>listening or interacting with</u> individuals or a group.45 The larger issue, Glanz said, A<u>is that</u> educators B<u>must recognize</u> that teachers and students, C<u>though physical in the same school</u>, are in separate worlds and have an D<u>ongoing power struggle</u>.46 It is fashionable A<u>rationalizing</u> our collaboration in all this by arguing that, well, men like to fight and injure their fellows, and B<u>such games as football</u> should be encouraged to discharge C<u>this original-sin urge</u> into less harmful channels D<u>than</u>, say, war.47 A<u>As for</u> the effect of organized football on the spectator, the fans are notB<u>so much released</u> from supposed feelings of violent aggression C<u>by watching</u> their athletic heroes perform it as they are encouraged D<u>in the view which</u> people-smashing is an admirable mode of self-expression.48 Advertisers A<u>would have us believed</u> the myth that alcohol is B<u>part of being</u> successful, sexy, healthy and happy; but those C<u>who have sufferedfrom</u> it—directly or indirectly—D<u>know otherwise</u>.49 If lecture classes A<u>were restricted to</u> junior and senior undergraduates and to graduate students, B<u>who are less need</u> of scholarly nurturing and C<u>more able to prepare</u> work on their own, they would be D<u>far less destructive of</u> students' interests and enthusiasms than the present system.50 Those who want guns—A<u>whether for</u> target shooting, hunting or potting rattlesnakes(get a hoe)— B<u>should be subjected to</u> the same restrictions placed on gun owners in England, a nation C<u>in which</u> liberty has survived nicely without D<u>an arm populace</u>.51 Research suggests that hypochondriacs A<u>fell into three categories</u>; those who have B<u>a variant of</u> obsessive-compulsive disorder, those C<u>whose hypochondria</u> was triggered by a stressful life event, and those who D<u>are hypersensitive to</u> any physical symptoms.52 A<u>On the contrary</u>, a recent Harvard study argues that football's characteristics of "impersonal acceptance of B<u>inflicting injury</u>, " an overriding " organization goal, " the " ability to turn oneself on and off, " and being, C<u>aboveall</u>, "out to win" D<u>are prized by</u> ambitious executives in many large corporations.53 So long as the child A<u>is shown exactly</u> how to do something—B<u>whether be</u> placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or C<u>making up for amisdeed</u>—he is less likely to figure out himself D<u>how to accomplish such a task</u>.54 And, more generally, he is less likely to view life—A<u>as Americans do</u>—as a series of situations in which one has to learn B<u>to think for oneself</u>, to solve problems C<u>on one's own</u> and even to discover problems D<u>which</u> creative solutions are wanted.55 But A<u>assuming that</u> the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity B<u>are both worthwhile goals</u>, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, C<u>asuperior way</u> to approach education, perhaps D<u>to strike a better balance</u> between the poles of creativity and basic skills?56 As I've examined A<u>what it meant to</u> be poor, B<u>it has become clear</u> to me what I am C<u>most thankful</u>; both my tangible and my intangible D<u>good fortune</u>.57 But just how long Walton can A<u>hold firm to</u> his folksy habits with celebrity hunters B<u>keep following</u> him C<u>wherever he goes</u> is D<u>anyone's guess</u>.58 A<u>When asking if</u> their children wanted a call or a text messageB<u>requesting</u> that C<u>they be home</u> by curfew, for instance, 58 percent of parents said their children D<u>preferred a text</u>.59 A<u>What first seemed like</u> a luxury, crawling from bed to computer, B<u>not worrying about</u> hair, and clothes and face, C<u>have become</u> a form of escape, D<u>a lack of discipline</u>.60 You remember that A<u>favourite story of yours</u>, B<u>one about</u> how the army captain and the woman C<u>whose book he discovered</u> got to know one another D<u>solely through</u> writing letters?61 Baby boomers A<u>who warned</u> decades ago that their out-of-touch parentsB<u>couldn't be trusted</u> now sometimes C<u>find themselves raise</u> children who—thanks to the Internet and the cellphone—consider Mom and Dad D<u>to be clueless</u>, too.62 Not until A<u>I've been embarrassed</u> by someone who politely points out thatB<u>I've attacked</u> her C<u>for agreeing with</u> me D<u>I realize</u> that I have been projecting.63 The President of the United States is head of the______Branch.（A）Supreme Court（B）Judicial（C）Legislative（D）Executive64 ______is celebrated by English people in November.（A）May Day（B）Guy Fawkes Night（C）Thanksgiving Day（D）Easter Day65 The Civil Rights Movement happened in______.（A）the 1960s（B）the 1950s（C）the 1920s（D）the 1970s66 The Battle of______witnessed the death of King Harold in 1066. （A）Hastings（B）Trafalgar（C）Waterloo（D）Stratton67 The Celts' religion is______.（A）Christianity（B）Protestantism（C）Presbyterianism（D）Druidism68 Cockney is a term referring to a person living in______.（A）the west end of London（B）the east end of New York（C）the east end of London（D）the west end of New York69 ______are the places where, in the 17th to 19th centuries in Britain, very poor, homeless people did very unpleasant jobs in return for food and shelter.（A）Nursing homes（B）Factories（C）Workhouses（D）Prisons70 The Puritans were originally an extreme______sect.（A）Protestant（B）Jewish（C）Catholic（D）Islamic71 During the Civil War of England, the Cavaliers supported______while the Roundheads were in support of______.（A）the king...the parliament（B）the parliament...the king（C）the king...the church（D）the church...the king72 James I, king of England firmly believed in______.（A）laissez-faire（B）the Devine Right of Kings（C）Constitutional Monarchy（D）Protestantism73 The main obstacle to Hispanic success in labor market is their______. （A）lack of good manners（B）dark skin color（C）low level of education（D）high rate of crime74 Charles I was a king of the______dynasty.（A）Plantagenet（B）Tudor（C）Stuart（D）George75 The party which wins the largest second seats in the parliament becomes the official______ with its own leader and______.（A）cabinet... government（B）opposition... shadow cabinet（C）government...cabinet（D）shadow cabinet...opposition76 ______, known as the backbone of the North American Continent, is also called the Continental Divide.（A）The Rockies（B）The Appalachian Mountains（C）The Blue Mountains（D）The Great Smoky Mountains77 Senator______launched an Anti-Communist hysteria in the early 1950s.（A）Franklin Roosevelt（B）George Kennan（C）Theodore Roosevelt（D）Joseph Raymond McCarthy78 China and the United States established their diplomatic relationships in January______.（A）1972（B）1971（C）1975（D）197979 The Civil War in England was also known as______.（A）the Puritan Revolution（B）the Glorious Revolution（C）the Crusades（D）the Reformation80 ______refers to the movement very active in the early part of the 20th century, agitated for women's political right to vote.（A）The Civil Rights Movement（B）Women's Suffrage Movement（C）The Feminist Movement（D）The Countercultural Movement81 ______is separated from mainland America by Canada.（A）Hawaii（B）Alaska（C）Rhode Island（D）Greenland82 The doctors who serve the community in general health care in Britain, rather like solicitors of the medical profession, who usually join together in partnership in a medical practice, must study for seven years and pass exams before they become qualified______. （A）MP（B）PC（C）GP（D）IQ四、简答题83 Answer the following questions briefly. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.How many constituencies are there in Britain today? How many members are there in the House of Commons?84 What are some of the characteristics of American education?85 What is meant by the term "Welfare State" in Britain?86 What are the names of the Great Lakes?。
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