选修7 Unit1 Living well
一、重点词汇总结
key words & key phrases
1．ambition n．雄心，野心
Her ambition is to become part of the national team for the next Paralympic Games.
她的抱负是能够成为国家队的一员来参加下一届残奥会。
To be a good teacher has been her lifelong ambition.
做一名好教师是她终生追求的目标。
关联短语：full of ambition野心勃勃；achieve one's ambition实现某人的愿望；have the ambition for sth.渴望得到某物
2．suitable adj.适合的，适宜的
Although some may think the cinema is noisy，it is suitable for Sally's condition.
尽管有人可能认为电影院里太吵了，但是它非常适合萨利的身体状况。
He has nothing suitable for a formal party.他没有适合这样正式晚会的任何东西。
3．beneficial adj.有益的；be beneficial to对……有益处；benefit vt.使……受益；n．益处，优势；benefit sb./sth.对某人/物有益；benefit from/by从……中获得益处；be of benefit to...对……有益；for sb.'s benefit＝for the benefit of sb.为了某人的利益
These birds are beneficial to man.这些鸟对人类有益。
We benefit a lot from daily exercise.日常锻炼对我们很有益。
His mother lost her life for the benefit of the bank.
他母亲为了银行的利益献出了自己的生命。
4．in other words 换句话说
In other words，there are not many people like me.
换句话说，像我这样的人并不多见。
关联短语：in a/one word总而言之；in word 在口头上；在表面上；have a word with sb.与某人说(私)话；have words with sb.与某人吵嘴；keep/break one's word遵守诺言/失信
Have a word with Tom and see what he thinks.和汤姆谈一谈，看他是怎么想的。
Please retell the story in your own words.请用自己的话复述这个故事。
In a word，I didn't like that car at all. 总之，我一点也不喜欢那辆小汽车。
5．adapt to 适应
Unfortunately，the doctors don't know how to make me better，but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.不幸的是，大夫们不知道如何治好我的
病，但是我很开朗乐观，学会了适应身体的残疾。
We should adapt to the new environment as soon as possible.
我们应该尽快适应新环境。
6．cut out 切去；省略；停止做某事
I think I had at least a billion tests，including one in which they cut out a piece of muscle from my leg and looked at it under a microscope.
我想我至少做过十亿次检查了，包括有一次检查，他们从我的腿部切下了一小块肌肉，放在显微镜下观察。
You should cut out the second part of the article.你应该删掉文章的第二部分。
She tried to persuade me to cut out drinking.她试图说服我戒酒。
关联短语：cut down砍倒；削减；cut in插嘴；超车；cut off切断……供应；中断；cut across/through抄近路；cut up切碎
I wish she would stop cutting in on our conversation all the time.
我希望她别老是在我们谈话中插嘴。
My doctor has told me to cut down on salt.我的医生告诉我减少盐的摄入量。
They had cut off aid to us.他们已经中断了对我们的援助。
7．out of breath 上气不接下气
So sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh，when I got out of breath after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs.
因此，上小学时有些孩子见到我跑很短一段路就喘不过气来或者爬楼梯爬到一半就得停下来休息，他们就会笑我。
They were both red in the face and out of breath.他们俩都面红耳赤，气喘吁吁。
关联短语：hold one's breath 屏住呼吸；lose one's breath 喘不过气来；take a deep breath做深呼吸
When entering the room，please hold your breath.当进入房间时，请屏住呼吸。
8．all in all 总而言之
All in all I have a good life.总而言之，我生活得很好。
All in all，it had been a good success.总而言之，那是个巨大的成功。
关联短语：in all总共；at all根本；全然；above all最重要的是；after all毕竟；终究
Please don't be angry with him—he is only 6, after all.
请别生他的气了，毕竟他只有六岁。
9.as well as 也；和
As well as going to the movies and football matches with my friends，I spend a lot of
time with my pets.
除了和我的朋友一起去看电影和足球比赛之外，我还花很多时间和我的宠物在一起。
She had all her homework to do，as well as looking after her sick father.
她除了要照顾生病的父亲之外，还要完成所有的作业。
注意：as well as还可以用作连词，表示“和……一样好”；另外，连接两个主语时，谓语动词和最前面的主语保持一致。
He plays the piano as well as his teacher.他钢琴弹得和他的老师一样好。
Mr.Li as well as his students is going to the zoo tomorrow.
李老师和他的学生们打算明天去动物园。
10．in many ways 在很多方面
In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent.
在许多方面，我身体的残疾使我在心理上变得更加坚强，更加独立。
My uncle has helped me in many ways.我叔叔在很多方面帮助过我。
11．make fun of 取笑
So don't feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them，and don't ignore them either. 因此，不要感到残疾人可怜，或者取笑他们，也不要不理他们。
It is impolite to make fun of the disabled.
取笑残疾人是不礼貌的。
同义短语：play a joke/trick on sb.＝make a foo l of sb.＝laugh at sb.取笑
二、重点语法总结
复习动词不定式的用法：
1．基本概念
不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，而且不能单独用作谓语，但仍旧有动词的特点，即可有自己的宾语和状语，构成不定式短语，使用频率较高。
是一个考试经常考查的语法点。
2．基本形式
主动形式被动形式
一般式to do to be done
完成式to have done to have been done
进行式to be doing /
完成进行式to have been doing /
否定形式not to do not to be done
3.句法功能
不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语，还可以有自己的逻辑主语，即for sb.to do sth.。
1）不定式作主语(subject)
To finish this report took him a week.
To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
不定式作主、宾、表通常表示具体的、一次性的、特定的行为。
若不定式太长，多用it作形式主语，不定式置后。
2）不定式作表语(Predicative)
What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.
主语为不定式，表语也需为不定式.
My job is to help the patients. 我的工作是要帮助病人。
不定式常用在系动词be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语．
The only thing to do now is (to) go on.
What I’ll do is (to) tell her t he truth.
All he did just now was (to) complete the form.
当主语含有do的某种形式，作表语的不定式可省略to.
3）不定式作宾语(Object)
I decided to ask for my money back.
我觉得他不可能在这么短的时间内完成任务。
I feel it impossible for him to finish the job in such a short time.
It 作形式宾语：think/consider/find/feel/believe/suppose/ make + it + adj./ n.+ to do sth.
4）不定式作宾补(Object Complement)
1) 带to的不定式作宾补
动词: allow, order, force, permit, tell, want, wish, forbid, advise, persuade, warn等后皆以带to的不定式作宾补。
2)他做了一个鬼脸, 逗得大家都笑了。
He made a face and made us laugh.
被动语态：He made a face and we were made to laugh.
作宾补的不定式不带to:
使役动词make, have, let;
感官动词see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice等
若上述结构变为被动语态, to要还原。
5）不定式作定语(Attribute)
Could you lend me a pen to write with?
He is looking for a room to live in.
Please pass me some paper to write on .
若不定式是vi., 不定式后介词不可省。
He had place to live.
不定式所修饰的名词若是time, place或way，其的介词习惯上省去。
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.她总是第一个到最后一个离开。
当名词被the first ,the last, the only等序数词以及形容词最高级修饰时，通常用不定式作定语。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is important.
不定式作定语表示未发生的动作。
something, anything, nothing, everything 等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。
Do you have anything to send?
I have nothing to say.
不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有主谓、同位、动宾三种关系：
(1)动宾关系：I have a lot of work to do.
(2)主谓关系：He is always the first to come.
(3)同位关系：We all have a chance to go to college.
6）不定式作状语(Adverbial)
(1) 目的状语(to do, in order to, so as to do)
I stayed there to see what would happen.
He spoke loudly in order to be heard.
(2) 结果状语(too…to do, so/ such… as to do)
He lay in the bed only to find his feet exposed.
He got there only to find the train gone.
(3) 原因状语(be + adj. + to do )
sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel…
We were very excited to hear the news.
I have to say goodbye now. I’m happy to meet you.
7）不定式作独立结构(Absolute construction)
To be honest (老实说), I am not happy at the moment.
类似用法：to be frank；to be honest；to tell the truth；to be short to begin with；to be exact；to make a long story short
4．不定式的时态与语态
根据需要，不定式可以有一般式(to do)，完成式(to have done)，完成进行式(to have been doing)，进行式(to be doing)等时态形式以及被动形式to be done和to have been done。
He didn't allow us to go home early.他不允许我们早回家。
He seemed to have seen the film.他好像看过这部电影。
She is said to have been living in the city for six years.据说她住在该城市六年了。
The boy pretended to be reading when his mother came in.
当他母亲进来的时候，小男孩假装在读书。
He is said to have studied abroad a few years ago.据说他几年前在国外学习过。
The book is said to have been translated into many languages.据说此书已被译成了多种语言。
三、巩固练习
I. 根据中文意思完成句子
1. 爬上山顶后，他上气不接下气。
He ________ ________ ________ ______after climbing to the top of the mountain.
2. 虽然他看起来有点笨拙，但决不能取笑他。
Although he looks a little _______, he can’t _______ _______ _______ ______at all.
3. 张婷在竞赛中获得了第一名，她的所有同学都祝贺她的成功。
Zhang Ting got the first prize in the competition and all her classmates_______ her _______ her _______.
4. 被冰雪困在京珠高速公路的司机和旅客们得到了当地政府的援助。
The drivers and the passengers trapped on the Beijing-Zhuhai Motorway by ice and snow ________ _________ ________ the local government.
5. 由他的小说改编的电影现在已变得很受欢迎。
The film _______ _____ his novel has become very popular now.
II. 单句填空
1. Zhang Hong is said ______________ (learn) by heart 2000 words up to now.
2. Everyone here will thank the students for what they have done ___________ (make) the river cleaner.
3. Which do you enjoy _____________ (spend) your holiday, taking art courses or __________ (watch) TV at home?
4.__________(clean) the classroom,the students went to the playground ________ (watch) the football match.
5. She felt it a great shame_________ ( criticize) so severely in the presence of her boy friend.
6. Rather than ____________(ride) on a crowded bus, he always prefers _____________ (ride) a bicycle.
7. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_____________(issue) clear warnings before ___________(fire) any shots. 8. The speaker was asked _____________ (pay) a visit to a special student after __________ ( give) a talk at a high school,
参考答案：I.1.was out of breath 2.clumsy, make fun of him 3.congratulate
on,success 4.get aid from 5.adapted from
II.1.to have learnt 2.to make 3.spending, watching 4.Having cleaned, to watch
5.to have been criticized
6.ride, riding
7. To issue, firing
8.to pay, giving
选修七Unit2 Robots
一、重点词汇总结
1.test out 试验；test sth.on sb./sth.在某人/某物身上做试验
2.His name was Tony and he seemed more like a human than a machine. more...than...与其说……不如说……
3.It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.
常用句型：It be＋adj.＋that...
It be＋n.＋that...
It be＋done＋that...
4.accompany sb.to someplace
The robots are not allowed to accompany the owners to the supermarket. accompany sb.in doing
Will you please accompany me in travelling to Shanghai on business?
5.ring sb.up 给某人打电话；ring off挂电话
6.turn around转身
补充常用短语：turn up出现，调高；turn down让某人失望，调低；turn on打开；turn off关掉；turn over把……移交给，把……翻过来，反复思考
7.The clock struck eight.“strike”有“罢工、袭击、划火柴”等多种意思，在此处指“敲钟”
8.leave sb.alone＝let sb.alone(let alone更不用说) ；leave…alone别惹；让……一个人待着
She shouted “Leave me alone” and ran to her bed.
她高声嚷着：“别管我!”，然后跑上了床。
关联短语：leave behind留下,遗留
leave aside(把某事)搁置一边
leave for出发前往
leave out省去,遗漏,不考虑
9.desire n. 渴望，渴求；vt.希望得到，想要
We all desire happiness. 我们都希望得到幸福。
(=We all have a desire for happiness.)
常用搭配：desire to do sth. 希望／渴望做某事
desire that sb. （should）do要求……
have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物
have a desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
10. satisfaction n. 满意
At last, the whole class found satisfaction in their work.最终,全班都对他们的工作感到满意。
常用搭配：express satisfaction with 对…表示满意
find satisfaction in对……感到满意
with/in satisfaction满意地
to sb.’s sati sfaction 使某人满意的是
11. alarm n. 警报，惊恐；vt.使警觉，使……惊恐；alarmed adj.惊人的;吓人的alarming adj.担心的;害怕的(afraid)
However, when she first saw the robot, she felt alarmed.
然而，当她第一次看到机器人，她感到震惊。
常用搭配：give／raise／sound the alarm发出警报
in/with alarm 惊慌地
alarm (clock)闹钟
be alarmed at被……吓一跳
12.favour n.喜爱，恩惠；vt.喜爱，偏袒；favourite adj. 最喜欢的；n. 最喜欢的事物或人
As a favour, the man gave me some money to help me get through the hard time.
作为一种善行, 那人给了我一些钱帮我渡过难关。
常用搭配：in favour of=in support of赞成；支持
do sb. a favour给某人以恩惠；帮某人一个忙
favour A over B=prefer A to B喜欢A胜过B
13. envy vt. 嫉妒n. 嫉妒，羡慕
What a sweet victory to be envied by those women!被那些妇女忌妒是多么甜蜜的胜利啊!
常用搭配：envy sb. sth.妒忌/羡慕某人某物
be the envy of sb.令某人羡慕的
out of envy出于嫉妒/羡慕
14. set aside将……放在一边; 节省或保留(时间，金钱)
He felt happy when his boss stated that he could set aside some time for exercise. 当他的老板表明他可以留出点时间来锻炼时，他很高兴。
15. be bound to 一定会……
Who said that making a robot so much like a man was bound to cause trouble?谁说制造与人如此相像的机器人一定会产生麻烦?
二、重点句型总结
1. there stands / stood + 主语(名词) ……站在那里
As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. 她刚一转过身, 就看到格拉迪斯·克拉芬站在那里。
(B7 P11)
这是倒装句型。
除there外，here, now, then, in, out, away 等副词放在句首时也用倒装。
Once upon a time,there lived six blind men / people(住着六个瞎子) in a small village in India.
2. have sb. doing sth. 容许某人做某事; 让……一直做……
...you cannot have women falling in love with machines. ……总不能让女人与机器相爱吧。
We can’t have people arriving late all the time.我们不能允许总是有人迟到。
3. with短语(用于描写人物外貌)
He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice although his facial expression never changed.他虽然面部表情毫无变化，但是他个子高大，相貌英俊，头发平整，声音低沉浑厚。
三、重点语法总结
1．不定式的被动形式
当不定式与逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，即不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动形式。
其被动式可以分为两种：一般式和完成式。
(1)一般式：to be done，表示不定式动作在谓语动词之后或者同时发生。
It is a great honor_to_be_invited_to speak here.
很荣幸被邀请在这里讲话。
The novel is said_to_be_published_next month.
据说这本小说下月要出版。
(2)完成式：to have been done，表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。
The book is said to_have_been_translated_into six languages.
这本书据说已经被翻译成六种语言。
The boss preferred_to_have_been_given_more work to do.
被动
一般式to be done
完成式to have been done
2.不定式被动形式的作用
(1)作主语
It's an honor to_be_invited to the ceremony.
很荣幸被邀请赴宴。
It's a pity to_be_kept in the house in such fine weather.
在这样好的天气被关在家里真是遗憾。
(2)作表语
The letter is_to_be_sent_by airmail.
这封信笺要空邮。
(3)作宾语
She didn't like to_be_treated as a child.
她不喜欢被当成孩子。
The boy asked to_be_given an opportunity to try again.
那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。
(4)作宾语补足语
I'd like my bedroom to_be_cleaned.
我想整理一下我的卧室。
(5)作定语
He was the last one_to_be_asked to speak at the meeting.
他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。
(6)作状语
His mother l eft the small village，never_to_be_seen again.
他母亲离开了那个小山村，再也没有人见过她。
3．不定式有些要注意的地方
(1)感官动词和一些使役动词的不定式的主动形式要省去to，但在变成被动语态后需要加上to，能这样用的动词或动词词组有：make，have，let，see，hear，notice，listen to，watch等。
如：
We often see him act like that.＝He is often seen to act like that.
我们常常看到他那样做。
(2)在can't help but，have nothing to do but结构中，介词but后的不定式省去to。
如：
I can't_help_but suspect his motive.
我不禁怀疑起他的动机。
I have_nothing_to_do_but_watch TV.
我没什么事情可做，除了看电视。
(3)不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义
①形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义，其中形容词常见的有easy，difficult，important，impossible等。
如：
The work is impossible_to_finish in two days.
工作不可能两天之内完成。
English is not so easy_to_learn.
英语并不好学。
②一些固定用法，如“挨骂，受责备，受批评” 用be to blame；“(东西等)出租”用to let。
He is to blame for what he has done.
他应为他所做的受责备。
The house is to let.房子要出租。
四、巩固练习
I. Translate the following expressions into English.
1．试验 2.陪伴某人去某处
3．陪伴某人做某事 4.让某人单独待着
5．与其说……不如说…… 6.打电话给某人
7．挂断电话8.转过身
9．同情某人10.一大堆书
11．更确切地说12.和某人有暧昧关系
13．从视线中消失14.对某人耳语
15．阻止某人做某事
参考答案：
1．test out 2.accompany sb.to someplace 3.accompany sb.in doing 4.leave sb.alone 5.more...than... 6.ring sb.up7.ring off8.turn around9.have/feel sympathy for sb.10.a pile of books11.or rather12.have an affair with sb.
13.disappear from sight14.whisper to sb.15.prevent sb.from doing sth.
II.Translate the following sentences into English.
1．我必须请你陪我去警察局。
2．为了提高他的社会地位，这个年轻人拼命工作。
3．与其说他勇敢，不如说他愚蠢。
4．一转身，女孩就看见了她的母亲正在朝她挥手。
5．我一到北京，就给你打电话。
6．听到那个坏消息后，他希望一个人待一会儿。
参考答案：
1．I must ask you to accompany me to the police station.
2．To improve his social position，the young man worked very hard.
3．He is more stupid than brave.
4．Turning around，the girl saw her mother waving at her.
5．I will ring you up as soon as I arrive in Beijing.
6．After hearing the bad news，he wanted to be left alone for a while.
III. 单项选择题
1．The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang，who was reported ______ the world record in the 110－meter hurdle race.
A．Breaking B．having broken C．to have broken D．to break
2．I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good ______.
A．to be breathed B．to breathe
C．Breathing D．being breathed
3．______ the project as planned，we'll have to work two more hours a day. A．Completing B．Complete
C．Completed D．To complete
4．Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple，but it remains______ whether they will enjoy it.
A．to see B．to be seen
C．Seeing D．seen
5．I hurried to the meeting hall，only______ that the meeting had been put off. A．to tell B．to be told
C．telling D．told
6．Do let your mother know all the truth；she appears______ everything.
A．to tell B．to be told
C．to be telling D．to have been told
7．Little Tom should love______ to the theater this evening.
A．to be taken B．to take
C．being taken D．taking
8．It is said that plastics can be used to______ many things.Now people are used
to______ plastics products.
A．make；using B．making；using
C．making；use D．make；use
9．With a lot of problems______，the newly－elected president is having a hard time. A．Settled B．settling C．to settle D．being settled
参考答案：1～5 CBDBB 6～9 DAAC
选修七Unit3 Under the sea
一、重点词汇总结
1．wit ness vt
(1)be present at(someplace)and see it 当场见到/目击
Did anyone witness the accident？有人亲眼看到那次事故了吗？
(2)“见证了”，时间、地点等作主语。
Recent years have witnessed the collapse of the steel industry.近年来钢铁业日渐衰落。
n．目击者，证人
The police found the witness to the murder case.警察找到了那件谋杀案的目击者。
There was no witness at the scene of the accident.在事故现场没有证人。
witness 还可表示“作证”“证明”，常用“witness to sth./doing sth.”
a live witness to...活生生的证人
bear/give witness to sth.为……作证
witness－box(英)＝witness stand (美)证人席
2．sort out
(1)分类，整理
I am just sorting out the papers that can be thrown away.
我在整理可以被扔掉的文件。
(2)解决(问题/困难)
We've got a few little problems to sort out.我们有几个小问题要解决。
近义词：sort through 查看并挑选出
He was sorting through a pile of papers on his desk.他在整理桌子上的一堆文件。
3．accommodation n.
(1)rooms，esp.for living in 房间，住所
The high cost of accommodation makes life difficult for students in London.
由于住宿费用昂贵，伦敦的学生感到生活困难。
(2)lodgings，rooms and food(often pl.)膳宿(在英国英语中为不可数名词，在美国英语中为可数名词，常用复数)
Can we find accommodations at a hotel for tonight?我们今晚能找到旅馆住宿吗？短语：make accommodation for...为……提供膳宿
4．yell v．& n．叫喊/叫声，喊声
(1)v.shout often because you are frightened，an gry，or excited
She ye lled(out)at her naughty child.她朝她那淘气的孩子大喊。
They yelled at him to stop.他们朝他大喊，让他停下来。
(2)n.a loud shout.e.g.a yell of delight/warning
5．ahead of
(1)(时间、空间上)在……之前
(2)领先，比……强、好
6．head 朝……方向移动；带领
We headed the boat out to sea.我们将船驶向外海。
They are heading home. 他们正朝家走去。
Who is heading the Party？该党现在由谁在领导？
Whose name heads the list?谁的名字列在名单的最前头？
head for＝leave for/start for 朝……方向走去
7．flee(fled，fled)vi./vt. 逃走，逃掉，消失
And those others are stopping it diving or fleeing out to sea...
其他的虎鲸阻止它潜水逃入大海……
The spectators fled in panic when the bull got loose.
那只公牛挣脱了束缚，吓得观众四下逃窜。
We were forced to flee to the country.我们被迫逃往国外。
8．aim.v.
aim(sth.)at sb./sth.瞄准，对准
aim at doing sth./aim to do sth.力求达到，力争做到
n．瞄准；目的，目标
9．drag v.
(1)拖，拉，拽
He dragged the table into the corner.他把桌子拖到角落里。
(2)勉强某人做
He hates parties，and we have to drag him into going.他讨厌参加聚会，我们得硬拉着他去。
If he fails，he'll drag us all down with him.如果他失败了，他会把我们大家一起拖下水。
10．depth n. ……的深度，深……的地方
...its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea.
它的尸体被虎鲸们迅速拖向深海中去了。
Plant the beans_at_a_dept h_of_about six inches.把种子埋到大概六英尺深的地下。
短语：in depth 深入地，彻底地
t he depths of the jungle 丛林深处
the depths of the country 穷乡僻壤
the depths of the winter 隆冬
the depths of one's heart 心灵的深处
the depths of despair 绝望的深渊
11．have a good feed on...饱餐一顿
feed：n.meals or food for babies or animals 餐、顿。
如：
When is the baby's next feed?下一次要什么时候喂这个婴儿？
v．give food to 喂养
feed sb./sth.on sth.＝feed sth.to sb./sth. 喂……吃……
feed on 以……为食(一般指动物)近义词live on
The prison is required to feed and clothe the prisoners.监狱被要求向犯人提供食物和衣服。
Several children were feeding bread to the ducks.＝Several children were feeding ducks on bread.几个孩子正在喂鸭子吃面包。
Owls feed on mice and other small animals.猫头鹰以老鼠和其他小动物为食。
12．From James's face，I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.
从詹姆斯的脸上，我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。
He abandoned his wife and children.他抛弃了他的妻子和孩子。
此处abandon的意思是“放弃，抛弃”，相关短语有：
(1)背弃祖国/朋友：abandon one's country/friend
(2)抛弃家庭：abandon one's family
(3)革除陋习：abandon a bad habit
(4)放弃职位/希望/计划/主意：abandon one's post/hope/plan/idea
13．help out帮助……(摆脱困境或危险)
My mother helped me out(with some money)when I lost my job.
我的母亲在我失业的时候给我金钱上的援助帮我摆脱了困境。
The children help out in their father's shop when things are busy.
父亲店里忙的时候，孩子们在店里帮忙。
14．approach vi.& vt. 接近，靠近n．接近，道路，方式，方法
15．hold up (1)支撑，举起; (2)延迟，阻碍
二、重点句型总结
1. being +done...(作原因、时间等状语)；逻辑主语与done是被动关系
Being badly wounded, the whale soon died. 鲸因为受了重伤, 没过多久就死了。
(B7 P20)
Being badly injured in a traffic accident, he had to be in hospital for at least two weeks.由于在一起交通事故中严重受伤, 他不得不住院至少两个星期。
2. It + be + adj. (for/of sb.)+ to do sth. 做某事是……的
The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat. 那天风高浪大, 很难操作船只。
(B7 P21)
若形容词(adj. )是指代事物的特征时，如important，easy，difficult，strange，necessary，等，则用for；如果是说明人的性格特征的形容词，如kind，polite，foolish，warmhearted，cruel，stupid等，则用of。
⑵It is very kind of you(你真好) to help me with my math.
3. It takes (sb.) time/money/energy to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间/金钱/精力It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James. 用了半个多小时才把船划回到詹姆斯身边。
(B7 P21)
It took them a long time to be friends again after the quarrel. 争吵之后，他们花了很长时间才重新成为朋友。
三、重点语法总结
1．现在分词(－ing 形式)的构成。
v.-ing 形式由“do＋ing” 构成，其否定形式是“not doing”，v.－ing 可以带宾语或状语构成v.－ing短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
2．动词－ing 形式的被动式分一般式和完成式：
(1) 一般式：表示这个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生。
(2) 完成式：强调这个被动的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前完成。
语态时态主动语态被动语态
一般式(not)doing (not)being done
完成式(not)having done (not)having been done
3.动词－ing的被动式的句法功能。
(1)作主语。
如：So_being_killed_by_sharks was a common thing.
(2)作宾语，用在介词后或需要带－ing 形式作宾语的动词后。
如：
George didn't like being_kept_waiting.
He was terrified of being_abandoned_by_us.
Do you remember_having_been_taken to Beijing at the age of ten?
(3)作表语。
如：
What worried the child most was his not_bei ng_allowed_to visit his mother in the hospital.
(4)作定语。
如：
The problem being_discussed is of great importance.
(5)作状语。
如：
Having_been_shown_around the library，we were taken to see the lab.
(6)作补足语。
如：
As we drew closer，I could see a whale being_attacked by a pack of about six other killers.
When we approached him，I saw James being_held_up in the water by Old Tom. [注意]
(1)v.－ing 形式的被动式主要在句子中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。
但v.－ing 形式的被动式的完成式，一般在句中作状语(偶尔作非限定定语)，不作其他成分。
They don't like the_design_of_the_new_bridge_being_built.(正在建造的桥的设计) Not_having_been_completed，the museum can't be visited yet.(由于没有完工……)
(2)v.－ing 形式的被动式逻辑主语(即动作的承受者)如果也是主句的主语，就不需要表示出来，但是如果逻辑主语不是主句的主语，就得把v.－ing 形式自己的主语表示出来。
如：
The whole classroom having_been_cleaned，the students went home happily.
(3)在want，need，deserve，require，repay，bear，take等动词及形容词worth后，习惯用动词－ing的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于“to be done”。
如：
The house wants_cleaning.
这房屋需要打扫。
My watch needs_repairing.
我的手表需要修理。
The way deserves_mentioning.
这个方法值得一提。
These young trees will require_looking_after carefully.
这些小树需要细心照顾。
The film is worth_seeing.
这部影片值得一看。
四、巩固练习
I. Translate the following sentences into English，using the words and expressions given in brackets.
(1)当我意识到她在场之时前，她正好走到我身边。
(be aware of)
(2)凯莉每读一本书都喜欢反思一下书的含义。
(reflect on)
(3)这场演出没有什么可以挑剔的，这是真正的享受。
(pure)
(4)你刷那面墙，同时我准备好这一面墙你好接着刷。
(in the meantim e)
(5)我的女儿喜欢把自己倒吊在操场的机械上。
(upside down)
(6)夜里一些奇怪的声音把我吓得半死。
(scare to death)
参考答案：
(1)She was standing right next to me before I became aware of her presence.
(2)Whenever Kelly reads a book，she likes to reflect on its meaning for a while.
(3)There was nothing I didn't like about the performance.It was pu re enjoyment.
(4)You paint that wall and，in the meantime，I will prepare this one for you to paint next.
(5)My daughter loves to hang upside down on the playground equipment.
(6)The strange noises in the night scared me to death.
II.句型转换(改成带－ing形式被动结构的简单句)
(1)The hotel which is being built now beside the park was designed by a group of young men.
(2)The little girl was eventually aware that her parents abandoned her in the mountainous village.
(3)He would come even if we don't invite him.(without)
(4)After he had been examined se veral times，he was told to be healthy.
(5)I noti ced that some people were taken to the police station.
参考答案：
(1)The hotel being built now beside the park was designed by a group of young men.
(2)The little girl was eventually aware of bein g abandoned by her parents in the mountainous village.
(3)He would come without even being invited.
(4)After having been examined several times，he was told to be healt hy.
(5)I noticed some people being taken to the police station.。
