第四单元形容词
Ⅰ．形容词的用法及位置
A．作定语的用法
61 形容词有5种用法，10个位置。
1．形容词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词前面，被修饰名词可称为主体词（Head-word），形容词和主体词结合起来，表示一个单一的意思：
I like good students．
He lives in an old house．
62 2．在某些特殊的组合中，形容词可放在主体词的后面：
He is the Consul General（or Notary Public）．
He showed his letters patent in the court martial as proof positive．（法律语言，多从法语中借用）
It is the greatest book imaginable（or the largest hospital available）．He is the richest man alive．（形容词最高级＋名词＋形容词）
He came on Monday last，and will come again on Monday next．Customs here are similar to customs there．The partinside has much to do with the part above（名词＋作定语用的表示位置的副词）
He has nothing pleasant to say to you．He wants everything good．Something terrible will happen．Anybody present knows him to be a liar．（合成代词＋形容词）
I like any boy both honest and intelligent． We arrived at a place dirty，gloomy and desolate．（名词＋形容词）
John is the only boy dear to his mother（or a servant faithful to his master，a businessman greedy for money）．（名词＋形容词＋介词＋名词）
He was Alexander the Great（or Richard the Lion-Hearted）．（专有名词＋the＋形容词）
Marriage is a matter hard to handle． I know of a man ready to help us．Is this the time suitable to say anything？（名词＋形容词＋不定式）
He drove along a path two meters wide． He lives in a house eight stories high．A boy about five years old is playing in the garden．（名词＋数词＋名词＋形容词）
He is a boy taller than you（or as tall as you）．（名词＋形容词比较级＋than＋名词）或（名词＋as＋形容词＋as＋名词）
There slept a man with his eyes open．Look at the dog with its ears erect．（with＋名词＋形容词）
B．作补语（表语）的用法
63 3．和名词一样，形容词也可用在系动词后作补语（表语），修饰主语或说明主语的情况：
You are hungry．John is honest．Father seems sad．Mary looks old．I feel tired．Lee remains ill． She is growing fat．
如果形容词需要强调而主语又有较长的修饰语，形容词可放在系动词及主语的前面：
Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay．
Happy is he who is satisfied with what he has．
如形容词前还有how修饰，也可放在前面：
How old is he？（疑问句）
How strong is his country？
How funny he is！（Not：is he？）（感叹句）
How rich this country is！
64 4．和名词一样，形容词也可用在宾补动词后作宾语的补语，对宾语加以修饰或说明：
They make me angry．I thought it easy．He likes his coffee hot．They left their son ignorant． They called his works great．Mother keeps the floor clean． They find John hon－est．
如果宾语很长，形容词也可放在动词后面（紧跟动词）：
Mother keeps clean the floor，the furniture and everything．
He set free all the prisoners in the village．
He left vacant all the rooms of his hotel．
C．解释性用法
65 5．有些形容词，常和别的词结合，对主语进行解释，它和主语间常用逗号隔开（这时它带有状语的作用，说明为什么有这种情况）：
Sad and tired，John wandered about．（=John was sad and tired，and thus he wandered about．）
Young，rich and pretty．Mary has many boy friends．（=Mary is young，rich and pretty． and so she has many boy friends．）
Angry with me，he complained all day．
Ashamed of his uncle，John refused to mention him．
Unable to reply，she pretended not to hear me．
Ready to fight them，he stood unmoved．
Three hundred miles long，the road is the longest one in this country．（=The road is three hundred miles long，and it is the longest one in this country．）
Ninety years old，grandma is still healthy．（=Grandma is ninety years old，yet she is still healthy．）
Penniless（used singly），he sold his watch．
66 6．解释性的形容词，也可放在主语后面，这时强调性较弱，它前后都有逗号把它和句子的其他部分隔开：
John，sad and tired，wandered about．
Mary，young，rich，and pretty，has many boy friends．
The road，three hundred miles long，is the longest in the country．
