自考00596英语阅读(二)自考模拟试题(五)

全国自考综合英语(二)全真模拟卷及答案解析总分：75分题量：31题一、单选题（共30题，共60分）1.Iwasshockedbythenumberofpeoplewhoseemedtohavenothingbettertodowitht heirtimethan______toknowfishbetter.A.getB.getsC.gettingD.got正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析2.Notallbirdscanfly,______doallbirdsbuildnests.A.notB.noC.neverD.nor正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析3.Whenyoufallinloveforthefirsttime,it’ssurprising______inconveniencesyoucanputupwith.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.those正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析4.Iknowmylimitations,soIwon’tdoanything______myability.A.beyondB.underC.aboveD.below正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析5.Thehostsapologizedfor______thatsomeoftheirguestsmightbevegetarians.A.havingnotconsideredB.nothavingconsideredC.havingnotbeenconsideringD.notconsidering正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析6.Mrs.Smithlockedboththefrontandthebackdoorsbeforeshewenttobed______t hatsomeonemightstealintothehouseatnight.A.soB.forfearC.unlessD.oncondition正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析7.Wehavetowaitforthebus,______?A.haveweB.haven’tweC.doweD.don’twe正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析8.______thepopularityofrobotsinJapan,thecountry’srobot-productiongrowthisslowingdown.A.AsB.AlthoughC.WithD.Despite正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析9.Theproposaldeservessupportasitgives______totheneedsofchildren.A.curiosityB.awarenessC.priorityD.emphasis正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析10.Thosefamiliarwitheveningdresswillalways______blackwithelegance.A.linkB.associateC.connectD.relate正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析11.Ifyou’resittingaroundalonelycampfireatnight,thehowlofawolfcansoundpretty___ ___.A.fearfulB.threateningC.dreadfulD.frightening正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析12.Thesuspectcooperatedfullywiththepolicewhen______abouthisroleinthei ncident.A.requiredB.questionedC.demandedD.negotiated正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析13.Homingpigeonisusefulasa______carrierbecausewhentakenfromhome,itwil lreturnatthefirstopportunity.A.meaningrmationC.messageD.content正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析14.OneoftheresponsibilitiesoftheCoastGuardistomakesurethatallships___ ___followtrafficrulesinbusyharbors.A.convenientlyB.obedientlyC.sufficientlyD.reluctantly正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析15.Shewasso______thenoisethatshesentthechildrentobed.A.brokendownbyB.filledinwithC.takenoverbyD.fedupwith正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析16.Mr.Johnson______rathernotinvestthatmoneyinthestockmarket.A.shouldB.couldC.wouldD.must正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析17.Americanseat______vegetablesperpersontodayastheydidin1910.A.morethantwicemanyB.astwiceasmanyC.asmanyastwiceD.twiceasmany正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析18.In1900,theenergyderivedfromburningpetroleumwasonlyfourpercent_____ _ofcoal.A.thatB.thisC.whatD.which正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析19.Manypatientsinsistonhavingwatcheswiththeminhospital,______theyhave noschedulestokeep.A.sinceB.eventhoughC.soD.asif正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析20.Insummer,shewouldsitinthegardenenjoyingthefreshairandthesmellofthe thingsshe______.A.wasplantingB.hadplantedC.hasplantedD.wouldplant正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析21.There______nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingendedearlierthanexpe cted.A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.be正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析22.______wecanhopeforistoavoidcompletefailureinthecominggamewiththats trongteam.A.ForthebestB.WiththebestC.AtbestD.Thebest正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析23.Whilecrossingthemountainarea,allthemencarriedgunslestthey______bywildanimals.A.shouldbeattackedB.mustbeattackedC.couldbeattackedD.wouldbeattacked正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析24.Hertalentandexperience______hertotherespectofhercolleagues.A.authorizedB.qualifiedC.deservedD.entitled正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析25.Thosewhochangemobilephonestoofrequentlywillhavetopayforbeing______ .A.gracefulB.fashionableC.popularD.perfect正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析26.Wehopedtobeabletomoveintoournewhouseattheendofthemonth,butthingsdi dn’t______asweexpected.A.workoutB.moveoutC.getoutD.carryout正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析27.Onarrivinghome,theboytoldhisparentsaboutallthe______whichoccurredi nhisdormitory.A.occasionsB.affairsC.incidentsD.issues正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析28.Hecomplainedtothebooksellerthattherewereseveralpages______intheboo k.A.losingB.missingC.droppingcking正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析29.JeansaresohotthesedaysthatbignamestarsappearonTVadvertisingforthei r______brands.A.favoriteB.uniqueC.permanentD.intimate正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析30.Inordertobuyanewcar,youshouldatleast______onehundreddollarsaweek.A.putoutB.putforwardC.putupD.putasideII正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析二、填空题（共1题，共15分）31.Withouttransportation,therecouldbenotrade.Withouttrade,therecould benotownsandcities.Townsandcitiesaretraditionallythe___16___ofcivilization.Therefore,transportationhe lpsmakecivilization___17___. Throughoutmostoftheprehistoricperiod,peoplelivedbyhunting,fishing,an d___18___wildplants.Theyhadnobeastsofburden,wheeledvehicles,orroads.Peopletraveled___19___an dcarriedtheirinfantsandbelongingsstrappedtotheirbacksorheads.Loadstooheavyforonepersontocarrywerestrappedtoapoleandcarriedbytwopeople.___20___,peoplelearnedthattheycoulddragloadsalongthegroundonsledges. Duringlateprehistoric times,peoplebegantobuildsledgeswithrunners. Whenpeopledevelopedagricultureandbegantoestablish___21___settlements ,tradebetweensettlementsstartedtodevelop,whichcreatedaneedforbetter___22___oftransportation. Thedonkeyandtheox,whichhadbeentamedforfoodproductsandfarmwork,helped___23___thisneed.Theuseofd onkeysandoxenasbeastsofburdenenabledpeopleto___24___heavierloadsthantheycouldbefore. Peoplealsobegantodevelopwatertransportationduringprehistorictimes.Th eybuiltraftsofsuch__25____aslogster,peoplelearned___26___tomakedugoutsandcanoes.Peoplepadd ledtheseearlycraftwiththeirhandsorpropelledthemwithpaddlesor__27____.Thewheelwasinventedabout3500B.C.andsailboatabout3200B.C.Wheeledvehic lesandsailingvessels___28___transportation.Butthespeedoftransportati onimprovedonly___29___overthecenturies.Inventorsproducedthefirstengi ne-___30___vehiclesduringthelate1700’sandtheearly1800’s.This developmentmarkedthebeginningofarevolutionintransportationthathascon tinuedtothepresent.16.A.highlightsB.pinpointsC.headquartersD.centers17.A.possibleB.acceptableC.practicalD.typical18.A.growingB.gatheringC.wateringD.moving19.A.inturnB.ateaseC.onfootD.forfun20.A.AllthewhileB.ForawhileC.IntimeD.Ontime21.A.temporaryB.permanentC.regularD.steady22A.knowledgeB.judgmentC.standardsD.means23.A.recognizeB.developC.meetD.reduce24.A.bearB.moveC.shareD.lift25.A.materialsB.stylesC.itemsD.types26.A.whereB.whenC.howD.as27.A.polesB.sailsC.currentsD.winds28.A.demonstratedB.revolutionizedC.witnessedD.initiated29.A.considerablyB.continuouslyC.swiftlyD.slightly30.A.poweredB.controlledC.orientedD.related答：D、C、A、C、A、B、D、C、B、A、C、A、D、D、A。

全国2005年1⽉⾼等教育⾃学考试 英语阅读（⼆）试题 课程代码：00596 Ⅰ.Match the words from Column A with the definitions from Column B.(15%) A. B. 1.fasten A. eat very quickly 2.vaguely B. not clearly felt 3.utterly C. fix firmly 4.gobble D. dark with clouds 5.strengthen E. completely 6.probe F. animal living by killing and eating other animals 7.predator G. an apparatus sent into the sky to examine the conditions in outer space 8.overcast H. make sth. strong or stronger 9.figure I. fixed regular pay 10.approximately J. moreover or in addition 11.famine K. change one's place of living 12.assemble L. fit or put together 13.migrate M. serious lack of food 14.furthermore N. nearly, almost 15.salary O. symbol for a number Ⅱ. All the following sentences are taken from the textbook. Study each sentence carefully and choose A,B,C or D that has the closest meaning to the underlined word or phrase.(15%) 1.What breathtaking impertinence to advertise 1p OFF your soap or washing powder or dog food or whatever.A. very disgustingB. frighteningC. excitedD. very unusual and astonishing 2.The person thanked me and put me completely at ease.A. brought……troubleB. freed……from painC. made……nervousD. made……comfortable 3.Not only will these questions help you understand a person's needs, you also strengthen rapport by showing concern and listening.A. peaceful atmosphereB. friendly relationshipC. recognitionD. mutual understanding 4.Concentrated eye contact helps you listen more effectively, and customers intuitively respect people who look them in the eyes.A. consciouslyB. directlyC. weaklyD. gradually 5.So exploration of the solar system is more or less underway.A. in progressB. in preparationC. moving awayD. in the way 6……my wife had slipped me the housekeeping before going on holiday……A. escaped fromB. got free fromC. leftD. given secretly 7.Errors occur because men grow tired and can be distracted. A. be cheated B. get confused C. have their attention drawn away from what they are doing D. become anxious and restless 8.Regardless of their direction or form, computer developments and uses of the future will depend on the cleverness and skill of men.A. without respect forB. without what happens toC. without worrying aboutD. without being troubled by 9.Harry Paulinanas,23,also from Sydney, said he was still stunned hours after the attack.A. surprisedB. shockedC. worriedD. unconscious 10.The windscreen and five of its windows had been shattered by the gunfire.A. brokenB. scatteredC. shotD. blown away 11.Inside,scores of Egyptian officials shouted orders and questions as they herded a crowd of frightened tourists into the restaurant.A. looked afterB. fedC. droveD. took 12.As they filed by, they passed a bottle of water still intact that lay in a pool of blood.A. untouchedB. completeC. brokenD. undamaged 13.Her frail legs were covered with shrapnel and glass wounds.A. injuredB. frontC. brokenD. weak 14.Radical groups have in the past targeted foreign tourists in an effort to cripple the country's tourist industry.A. aimed atB. directed towardsC. shot atD. made a goal of 15.The spate of shootings had appeared to be easing recently.A. relaxingB. weakeningC. feeling at homeD. becoming less tightⅢ.Reading Comprehension(40%) Reading Passage 1 The range in frequencies of musical sounds is approximately 20－20,000 cycles per second(Hz).Some people can hear higher frequencies than others. Longitudinal(纵向的) waves whose frequencies are higher than those within the audible range are called ultrasonic frequencies. Ultrasonic frequencies are used in sonar for such purposes as submarine detection and depth finding. Ultrasonic frequencies are also being tried for sterilizing food since these frequencies kill some bacteria. Sound waves of all frequencies in the audible range travel at the same speed in the same medium. In the audible range, the higher the frequency of the sound the higher is the pitch. The term supersonic refers to speed greater than sound. An airplane traveling at supersonic speed is moving at a speed of sound in air at that temperature. Mach 1 means a speed equal to that of sound; Mach 2 means a speed equal to twice that of sound, etc. Musical sounds have three basic characteristics: pitch, loudness, and quality or timbre. As was indicated above, pitch is determined largely by the frequency of the wave reaching the ear. The higher the frequency the higher is the pitch. Loudness depends on the amplitude of the wave reaching the ear. For a given frequency, the greater the amplitude of the wave the louder the sound. To discuss quality of sound we need to clarify the concept of overtones. Sounds are produced by vibrating objects; if these objects are given a gentle push, they usually vibrate at one definite frequency producing a pure tone. This is the way a tuning fork is usually used. When objects vibrate freely after a force is momentarily applied, they are said to produce their natural frequency. Some objects, like strings and air columns, can vibrate naturally at more than one frequency at a time. The lowest frequency which an object can produce when vibrating freely is known as the object's fundamental frequency; other frequencies that the object can produce are known as its overtones. The quality of a sound depends on the number and relative amplitude of the overtones present in the wave reaching the ear. 1.The primary purpose of the passage is to ______. A. define the nature and quality of musical sounds B. analyze what gives a work of art its musical quality C. explain the applications of ultrasonic frequencies D. explore the influence of wave length on musical appreciation 2.The style and content of this passage indicate that it is most likely an excerpt from ______. A. an informal article written for a popular magazine B. a scholarly monograph on aesthetics C. a college textbook on music theory D. a critique of music education at school 3.According to the author, the timbre of a musical sound is dependent on ______A. amplitudeB. frequencyC. overtonesD. speed 4.According to the passage, ultrasonic frequencies are ______.A. inaudibleB. excessively fastC. characterized by a great amplitudeD. death rays 5.Which of the following individuals would be most likely to use terms like Mach 5 or Mach 9?A. a helicopter pilotB. a musicianC. an astronautD. a submarine navigator Reading Passage 2 Writing being largely a self-taught occupation, texts on how to get about it-though great in number -seldom are of much use. You try and fail. Then try again, and perhaps fail not quite so grievously. Until at last, if you have some aptitude for it, thefailures become less frequent, or at any rate less noticeable. It is this ability to conceal one's defects that passes, finally, for accomplishment. Along the way there are the discouragements of unkind criticism, outright rejection, nagging insecurity and intermittent inability to meet debts. It is uncommon, therefore, to come across a book containing advice of much practical value for anyone toying with the dangerous idea of embarking on a writing life. An acquaintance recently loaned me such a book, however-one I wish I'd had the luck to read years ago, and which I would commend to any young person bent on making a career of words. It is the slender autobiography of the English novelist Anthony Trollope, first published in 1883,the year after his death. Needing some means to support himself, Trollope at the age of 19 signed on as a junior clerk in the British postal service. He was at his desk at 5∶30 each morning to write for three hours. And he remained in the mail service 33 years, long after reputation and prosperity had come to him. Now, what of his advice? 1.For safety's sake, arm yourself with some other skills, some other line of work to fall back on. That way, failure at writing, though the disappointment may be keen, will not mean utter ruin. 2.Do not depend overly much on inspiration. Writing is a craft, which Trollope compared to the craft of shoemaking. The shoemaker who has just turned out one pair of his shoes sets to work immediately on the next pair. 3.Have a story to tell, but, more important than that, people with characters who will speak and move as living creatures in the reader's mind. Without memorable characters, story alone is noting. 4.Meet your deadlines. Life is endlessly "painful and troublesome" for writers who can't finish their work on time. 5.Do not be inflated by praise. And, above all, do not be crushed by criticism. 6.Understand the risks of writing for a living."The career, when successful, is pleasant enough certainly; but when unsuccessful, it is of all careers the most agonizing." 6.In this passage the author mainly discusses ______. A. the difficulties and risks of making a career of words B. the futility of instructions contained in writing manuals C. the autobiography of the 19th English novelist Anthony Trollope D. sound advice provided in A. Trollope's autobiography 7.From the context we can figure out that the phrase "pass for"(Para. 3) means ______.A."pose as"B."be accepted as"C."be equal to"D."act as" 8.According to the author, writing ______. A. is basically a self-taught occupation and no instructions on how to deal with it are of any practical use B. is a "trial and error" process and it does not count whether you have the gift for writing or not C. for a living is the most difficult and risky of all careers,full of frustration and discouragement. D. sometimes provides good hopes of winning public praise a n d e s c a p i n g h u m i l i a t i n g p o v e r t y / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 6 3 " > 0 0 9 . T h e a u t h o r a d m i r e s A . T r o l l o p e p a r t i c u l a r l y f o r _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 64 " > 0 0 A . h i s b r i l l i a n c e B . h i s d i l i g e n c e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 65 " > 0 0 C . h i s p r e c a u t i o n D . h i s p r a g m a t i s m / p > p b d s f i d = " 16 6 " > 0 0 1 0 . F r o m t h e p a s s a g e w e m a y i n f e r t h a t t h e a u t h o r i s m o s t p r ob a b l y _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 7 " > 0 0 A . a n i n s t r uc t o r o f w r i t i n g B . a w r i t e r / p > p bd s f i d = " 1 68 " > 0 0 C . a n e d u c a t o r D . a p u b l i s h e r / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 9 " > 0 0 R e a d i n g P a s s a g e 3 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 0 " > 0 0 A c h i l d w h o h a s o n c e b e e n p l e a s e d w i t h a t a l e l i k e s , a s a r u l e , t o h a v e i t r e t o l d i n i d e n t i c a l l y t h e s a m e w o r d s , b u t t h i s s h o u l d n o t l e a d p a r e n t s t o t r e a t p r i n t e d f a i r y s t o r i e s a ss a c r e d t e x t s . I t i s a l w a y s m u c h b e t t e r t o t e l l a s t o r y t h a n r e a d i t o u t o f a b o o k , a n d , i f a p a r e n t c a n p r o d u c e w h a t , i n t h e a c t u a l c i r c u m s t a n c e s o f t h e t i m e a n d t h e i n d i v i d u a l c h i l d , i s a n i m p r o v e m e n t o n t h e p r i n t e d t e x t , s o m u c h t h e b e t t e r . / p >。

全国2004年10月高等教育自学考试英语阅读（二）试题课程代码：00596全部题目用英文作答（翻译题除外），并将答案写在答题纸相应位置上,否则不计分。

SECTION 1 VOCABULARY(30 points)I. Directions: Match the words in Column A with their definitions in Column B. Write the letter of the answer to each word in Column A on your ANSWER SHEET.(10 points, 1 point for each)A B1. challe nge2. in accessible3. surge4. d iverse5. foul6. emerge7. heed8. absurdva10. mag nitude A. making dirty or impureB. aga inst reas on or com mon senseC. forward moveme nt like powerful wavesD. great ness of size or importa nceE. of differe nt kindsF. rock in a very hot liquid stateG. questi on the lawfu In ess or right ness ofH. give atte nti on toI. that cannot be reachedJ. come into existe nceII. Directions: Read each of the following sentences carefully, and choose A,B,C or D that has the closest meaning to the underlined word or phrase. Blacken the corresponding letter of the answer on your ANSWER SHEET.(10 points, 1 point for each)11. Through the pass ing mille nnia, thousa nds of ani mal species have come and gone.A. arrived and leftB. appeared and escapedC. come into existe nee and become ext inctD. approached and disappeared12. Occasional loss of livestock must be weighed against the good these animals do in maintaining the balance of nature.A. estimated byB. bala need byC. copied in terms ofD. compared in terms of value of13. Recog nizing the grow ing threat HIV/AIDS poses to child survival, the Age ncy will support efforts for a solutio n.A. affectsB. takes toC. in creasesD. points to14. Pesticides have also taken their toll.A. threate ned their livesB. destroyed their habitatC. played their partD. caused deaths15. With each departure a small part of the diversity of n ature that makes life so in teresti ng is also gone.A. going awayB. ext inctionC. cha ngingD. disaster1 / 1116. Several mon ths later a similar feat was performed by the first America n astr on aut to walk inspace.A. ordinary taskB. no teworthy achieveme ntC. com mon deedD. someth ing done17. On the earth, our atmosphere diffuses light so that, whe n the sun is up, light seems to be everywhere.A. sends out in every direct ionB. focuses in every directio nC. concen trates in every direct ionD. reflects in every direct ion18. During the subsequent lull in hunting, the seal population made a good, although temporary, recovery.A. stopB. still nessC. quiet nessD. pause19. A mutation h appens to suit a new environment, and the “ odd ” creature survives because it isbetter fitted.A. calciumB. remnantC. alterati onD. eradicati on20. This is an unexplored area in vitamin research and the only known advantages of vitamin E are confined to specializedmedical cases.A. assessed inB. restricted toC. con tributed toD. expected onIII. Directions: Scan Passage 1 and find the words which have roughly the meanings given below. Write the word you choose in the corresponding space on your ANSWER SHEET.(10 points, 1 point for each)Note: The numbers in the brackets refer to the numbers of paragraphs in the passage.21. conditions and surroundings that affect people ' s lives (1)22. passing on of physical or mental characteristics from parents to children (2)23. have an effect on each other (2)24. way in which someth ing works (3)25. power of lear ning, un dersta nding and reas oning (4)26. con troll ing or han dli ng someth ing with skill (4)27. characteristics and qualities of a person (5)28. decidi ng the value or amount of someth ing (6)29. expla ining someth ing which is not easily un dersta ndable (6)30. make someth ing difficult to see clearly (6)Passage 11. We inherit genes, not traits. When we say that a boy got his brown eyes from his father, we really mean that he got the genes for brown eyes from his father. Every gene must develop in an environment, and the environment influences how that gene will develop. In the case of fruit flies, the vestigial( 退化的)-wing characteristic will develop if the flies are raised at room temperature. If the flies are reared at about 92 o F( 33o C) , however, the wings will be almost normal.2. In the final analysis, the question, “ Which is more important, heredity or environment?has no meaning. There can be no “ heredity versus environment ” situation: both factors, heredity2 / 11and environment, must interact for an organism to develop.3. Still, we can get some idea of the relative contributions of heredity and environment to certain traits. To do this, we must determine the genetic mechanism for a particular trait. We must also determine how much effect the environment can have on the trait. Neither of these determinations is easy, but for a few traits they have both been made.4. In the case of D own' s syndrome, for example, we know that the presence of an extra number 21 chromosome sets limits on the development of the intelligence and largely determines certain other abnormal characteristics of the victim. Unfortunately, no amount of environmenta l manipulation can cause the victim 's intelligence to exceed a certain “subnlevel. Thus we can say that in the development of the phenotype of a person with Down' s syndrome, heredity makes a relatively great contribution —by imposing severe limits.5. But in most situations one can study, the role of the environment is very much in evidence. Identical human twins who have been reared apart show quite noticeable phenotypic differences, in personality and even in some physical characteristics.6. The problem of assessing the relative contributions of heredity and environment to human intelligence is notoriously difficult and controversial. On the one hand, many studies have shown high correlations between the intelligence of individuals and their degree of “ relatedness ” . On the other hand, the many variables encountered in studies of this type make interpretation very difficult. But some studies have found correlations suggesting environmental factors influence intelligence more than genetic factors do. So the question of intelligence and inheritance is still very much up in the air. The problems and the controversy should not, however, obscure one basic fact: intelligence, like any other trait, depends on the interaction of both genetic and environmental factors.SECTION 2 READING COMPREHENSION (40 points)IV. Directions: Skim passage 2 and read the statements given right after the passage and judge whether they are True or False. Blacken the corresponding answer you choose on your ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point for each)Passage 21. Mild stress is known to improve learning. A totally relaxed child will not be as receptive tonew information as a child experiencing mild stress. It is also known that when the stress ofworking at a job is removed when elderly people retire they age more quickly unless new activities are substituted in their lives. It is thought that senility occurs more frequently with inactivity than with continued activity. Much of the great art, inventions and discoveries has resulted from the stress of the creators. Would we have the Sistine Chapel（西斯行廷教堂） if Michaelangelo had lived a quiet stressless life?2. We must also admit that the bodily changes that occur under stress often lead to activities that could not be performed under normal circumstances. The 110-pound woman who lifts a one-ton automobile to release her child caught under the wheels could not ordinarily perform this feat; the bodily changes produced by the stress of the situation enable her to do this superhuman act. An athlete relies on the changes that occur under stress to help him run faster, tackle harder, and win the game.3. It appears that the amount of harmful stress any particular individual experiences depends upon how he views the stressful experience. If he sees it as threatening, it is a bad stress; but if he views it as a challenge, it can be a beneficial3 / 11stress. Also, his personality type plays a significant role in the determination of whether the stress is good or bad. Certain types of people appear to need stress to make their lives exciting and meaningful —it keeps them young, alive, and functioning. Other types seem to need routine, quiet, and peaceful environment.4. Should you avoid stress or encourage it? The experts don ' t haverethses answer. Since sthas always been part of the human condition and life is not static —unexpected things do happen —complete avoidance is impossible. In fact, worrying about stress is a stress itself. Some authorities suggest that everyone use meditation and relaxation techniques to lessen the effects of stress. They favor changing our busy life-style to slower-paced living, striving less, and staying put more. Other authorities state that these methods may erase the beneficial effects of stress and that if you receive gratifications from a hectic lifestyle, adopting a more relaxed routine may deprive you of needed stimuli and lower the quality of your life.5. All do agree that attitude is one of the most important factors. A positive attitude can make stress your ally. A negative attitude will make stress your enemy. Since we may never know whose advice to follow, perhaps the best course is to accept stress as inevitable, both good and bad, and to keep the stress that feels good and try to eliminate the stress that feels bad. You be your own expert!31. Total relaxation enables you to receive new information more easily than stressful circumstance.32. People age much more quickly if they are active after retirement.33. People under stress can sometimes make incredible events happen.34. Women whose weight is over 110 pounds can lift a one-ton object.35. Whether stress is good or bad is not decided by the stressful situation itself, but by how people view it.36. Stress keeps some people young, alive and lively.37. There have been controversies among the authorities over whether meditation and relaxationtech niq ues should be recomme nded.38. According to the author, stresses can not be classified into positive and negative ones.39. Stressful experiences won ' t beithwe aWtipt right attitude towards them.40. If you want to live Ion ger, please stay put and be quiet and peaceful.V. Directions: Read Passages 3 and 4 and choose the correct answer. Blacken the corresponding letter of the answer on your ANSWER SHEET.(20 points, 1 point for each)Passage 31. In the evolution of mammals from reptiles, there was a succession of physical changes: the developme nt of warm blood, body hair in stead of scales, and the begi nning of the nursing of the young. This radical physical tran sformatio n provided mammals with a greater tolera nee for external temperature and required relianee on specialized food types. When the dominant dino saurs became ext in ct, the Age of Mammals bega n. For the rest 60 millio n years mammals expa nded into the biological vacuum which they were better equipped to exploit tha n all but afew varieties of reptiles.2. The habitat of life forms on earth has been the entire planet, conveniently dividing the world into the birds of the air, the fish of the sea, and the creatures of the land. The evolutionary process also created sea-dwelli ng mammals who appeared to reverse the process of evoluti on asthey returned to the sea. The whales ' limbs became flipperlike, and they lost the hair on their4 / 11bodies, suit ing them better to aquatic life.3. On the other hand, in the course of the evolution of birds from reptiles, there was a succession of cha nges in the bone, muscle, and skin structures of the ani mals. This wholesale restructuring of some reptiles over a period of thousands of years equipped the new animals to escape their predators and to find food more easily. But the evoluti onary process did not stop there. Once adapted to flight, some birds con ti nued to cha nge and the process seemed to reverse itself. As penguins adapted to marine life, their wings changed to flippers and their feathers to a waterproof coveri ng, thus suit ing the birds for a semi-aquatic existe nee.41. The Age of Mammals began when ______ .A. ani mals evolved from reptilesB. ani mals nu rsed the youngC. an imals were more tolera nt to exter nal temperatureD. the dominant dino saurs died out42. It can be con cluded from this passage that the an cestors of whalesA. were fishC. lived on the land43. In paragraph 2, the wordA. of earthC. of river44. In paragraph 3, the wordB. chased reptilesD. had too many offspri ng‘ aquatic ' is closest in meaning toB. of landD. of water‘ succession ' is closest in meaning to5 / 11A. completi onB. seriesC. additi onD. achieveme nts45. Certa in reptiles gradually became able to escape quickly by _____ .A. acquiri ng new structural featuresB. beco ming smaller and stron gerC. finding food more easilyD. cha nging their eat ing habits46. Penguins are ______ .A. sea birdsB. birds on landC. reptilesD. mammals47. What is one of the cha nges in the course of the evoluti on of birds from reptiles?A. Blood temperature.B. Body surface.C. Ski n color.D. Bone structure.48. Whales and Penguins have someth ing in com mon in their ____ .A. flyi ngB. swimmi ngC. adaptatio n to n atureD. ski n structure49. Accord ing to the passage, which stateme nt is true?A. Birds and mammals developed from reptiles.B. Reptiles use birds ' eggs as a saoutce ofC. Birds adapted to living with reptiles.D. Mammals are more tolera nt to differe nt types of food.50. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. The Evoluti on of Mammals.B. The Evoluti on of Life on Earth.C. The Disappeara nee of Reptiles.D. The Adaptatio n of Whales and Penguins.Passage 41. The temperature of the Sun is over 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center. The Sun is so much hotter than the Earth that matter can exist only as a gas, except at the core .In the core of the Sun, the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may bea small solid core. However, no one really kno ws, since the cen ter of the Sun can n ever be directly observed.2. Solar astronomers do know that the Sun is divided into five layers or zones. Starting at the outsides atmosphere. and going dow n into the Sun, the zones are the coro na, chromospheres, photosphere, convection zone, and fin ally the core. The first three zones are regarded as the SunBut since the Sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main body of the Sun begi ns.3. The Sun ' s outermost layer beg ins about 10,000 miles above the visible isrface and goes outward for milli ons of miles. This is the only part of the Sun that can be see n duri ng an eclipse6 / 117 / 11such as the one in February 1979. At any other time, the corona can be see n only whe n special instruments are used on cameras and telescopes to keep out the glare of the Sun ' s rays.4. The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, about as bright as the full Moon. Itsbeautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse. The corona' s rays flash out in a brilliant fan that has wispy spikelike rays near the Sun' s north and south poles. The corona is thickest at the Sun ' s equator.5. The corona rays are made up of gases streaming outward at tremendous speeds and reach ing a temperature of more tha n 2 milli on degrees Fahre nheit. The rays of gas thi n out asthey reach the space around the planets. By the time the Sun' s corona rays reach the Earth, they are weak and in visible.51. The temperature of the Sun at the center is _____ .A. over 5,000 degrees Fahre nheitB. more tha n 5,000 degrees Cen tigradeC. over 16,000,000 degrees Fahre nheitD. more than 16,000,000 degrees Ce ntigrade52. One thing that is sure about the core of the Sun is that ______ .A. it is gasB. it is solidC. the temperature is lowD. the pressure is great 53. The zone that is NOT regarded as the Sun' s atmosphere is A. convection zoneB. corona zoneC. chromospheres zone54. Paragraph 2 is mainly about _______ .A. how the Sun evolvedC. why scie ntists study the SunD. the main body of the Sun 55. The word “ glare ” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to . A. glitterB. gleamC. blazeD. fire 56.The word“ one ” in Paragraph 3 refers to . A. the Sun B. the coronaC. an eclipseD. the surface57. The coro na can be see n _____ .A. only in an eclipseB. with n aked eyesC. with any cameras or telescopesD. with cameras equipped with special in strume nts58. Which is NOT true about the coro na?A. It is the outmost layer of the Sun.B. It is very bright as the full Moo n.C. It is as white as pearl.D. photosphere zone B. the structure of the Suns equator.D. It is the thinn est at the Sun59. The word “ sen sati onal ” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to .A. spectacularB. predictableC. bizarreD. con sta nt60. Accord ing to the passage, as the corona rays reach the pla nets, they become ___ .A. hotterB. clea nerC. thinnerD. stron gerVI. Directions: Passage 5 is taken from the textbook. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.Blacken the corresponding letter of the answer on your ANSWER SHEET.(10 points, 1 point for each)Passage 51. Social an xiety is the sin gle most com mon psychological problem, accord ing to the 1986results of the Stanford Shyn ess Inven tory, a survey con ducted by Philip G.Zimbardo, professor of social psychology at Stanford Uni versity of Califor nia. At a party with stra ngers, for in sta nee, three-quarters of adults have anxiety. “ Thebest estimate is that 40 percent of all Americ ans suffer from shyn ess, ” says Zimbardo.2. How can you avoid being n ervous whe n you meet people? Prepare. Preparatio n for anycom muni cati ng situati on is a must. You ' ve bee n in vited to a big dinner party in two weeks. Youknow that one of the other guests is a politicia n. Scan the n ewspapers and magaz in es; liste n to newscasts for topics of conversation in political areas. Then, at the party, pretend you ' rein in terviewer on talk show. Think of questi ons to ask that can ' t be an swered yes or no. opinion, who …”“ What do you think of …” Keep the mome ntum going.3. Whether you ' re delivering a speech, approaching your boss for a raise or an importantsocial occasi on, do your homework. The most polished, smoothly delivered, spontan eous-so unding talks are the results of many hours of work. The memorable on e-l iners and moving phrases that go down in history don 't-ooiiiuii^rouT^tBBbf inspiration.4. If you ' rmaking a presentation of any sort, begin preparing as far ahead of time aspossible. “ Goodwriting, s a ys Harvard University historian Richard Marius, “ isa kind ofwrestling with thought ” . Begin the wrestling match Twoyd ays before your presentation isusually too late to go into the ring and come up with a wi nning idea.5. “ To com muni cate, "Newaysork Times colu mnist William Samire, “ put your thoughtsin order, give them a purpose; use them to persuade, to in struct, to discover, to seduce.6. Prepare yourself as well as your material, giving special attention to your voice. A shrill,nasal tone strikes your listener like chalk screeching on a blackboard. By putting energy and resonance into your voice, you will have a positive effect. If your voice is timid or quivers with nervousness, you sense it, the audienee hears it, and you see discomfort in their eyes. With energy and enthusiasm in your voice, the listeners say ahhh, tell me more. You read approval.7. Like your voice, your appeara nce is a com muni catio n tool. For example, if you areanimated, you are more likely to see animated listeners. You give the audience the message: I ' m glad I ' m here; I ' m glad you ' re here.8 / 118. Your approach can, in fact, be a powerful weapon for deflecting hostility —from an audie nee, an in terviewer, an employer. A ben evole nt aspect says I un dersta nd and con veys good will and positive expectations. It works.9. However, don' fever assume that an audie nee, an in terviewer, your boss will be sympathetic. Always be prepared for a grilli ng. Think beforeha nd of the ten toughest questi ons you could get and be ready with your answers. And remember, when you ' resked a hostile questi on, n ever show hostility to your questi on er. If you do, you lose.10. While the hostile questioner is talking, prepare your response. Take a positive tack immediately, and make your an swers short. The in sta nt the in terviewer fini shes the questio n, begi n the an swer: first point, sec ond point, third point …b in go, your con clusi on. It 'like shooti ng a basket. Keep your eyes on the basket, and bounce, bounce, shoot to your con clusi on.11. The way you liste n gives messages about you too. Liste n with in terest, focus ing youreyes on the speaker. If you are sitting next toward the person, angle your body slightly in the chair so that you ' re turned toward the person. Animate your face with approval. It says, I you, I ' m interested in what you ' re saying.12. Once you ' re prepared for a situation, you ' re 50 percent of the way toward overcomingn ervous ness. The other 50 perce nt is the physical and men tal con trol of n ervous ness: adjust ingyour attitude so you have con fide nee, and con trol of yourself and your audie nee.13. I was in the theater for many years and always went to work with terrible stage fright —until I was in The King and I ” . While waiting offstage one night, I saw Yul Brynner, the show s star, push ing in a lunging positi on aga inst a wall. It looked as though he wan ted to knock it dow n. “ This helps me con trol my n ervous ness, ” he expla in ed.14. I tried it and, sure eno ugh, freed myself from stage fright. Not only that, but push ingthe wall seemed to give me a whole new kind of physical energy. Later I discovered that when you push aga inst a wall you con tract the muscles that lie just below where your ribs begi n to splay. I call this area the “ vital triangle ”.15. To un dersta nd how these muscles work, try this: Sit i n a straight-backed chair and lea nslightly forward. Put your palms together in front of you, your elbows pointing out the sides, _____your fingertips pointing upward, and push so that you feel pressure in the heels of your palms and un der your arms.16. Say ssssssss like a hiss. As you ' re exhaiincptirteact those muscles in the vitaltriangle as though you were rowing a boat, pulling the oars back and up. The vital triangle should tighte n. Relax the muscles at the end of your exhalati on, the n in hale gen tly.17. You can also adjust your attitude to prevent nervousness. What you say to yourselfsends a message to your audienee. If you tell yourself you ' refraid, that 'ths message your liste ner receives. So select the attitude you want to com muni cate. Attitude adjusti ng is your men tal suit of armor agai nst n ervous ness. If you en terta in only positive thoughts, you will be_________________________________________________giving out these vibes: joy and ease, enthusiasm, sincerity and concern, and authority.18. You have the power within you to become a forceful, persuasive, con fide nt comm un icator. With these tech niq ues, you will be able to ask for a raise, make a sale, deal with a family crisis, feel comfortable in social and bus in ess situati ons. Master the simple prin ciples set out here and you will n ever be n ervous aga in.61. Which of the following is true according to Paragraphs 1 and 2?A. Two fifths of people suffer from shyn ess on social occasi ons.9 / 11B. On e-quarter of adults do not have an xiety before stra ngers at parties.C. Many America ns make good preparati ons before deliveri ng a speech.D. Social an xiety is the most com mon social problem.62. In Paragraph 3, “ do your homework ” meansA. finish your assig nmentB. deliver spontan eous talksC. make preparati onsD. avoid being n ervous63. Which is NOT men ti oned as a means to com muni cate?A. To in struct.B. To persuade.C. To seduce.D. To warn.64. The main idea of Paragraph 6 is that ______ .A. we must prepare our material before com muni cat ing with othersB. voice plays an importa nt part in effective com muni cati onC. few people pay eno ugh atte nti on to their tonesD. it is difficult to cover n ervous ness65. To prepare yourself you should pay atte nti on to the follow ing EXCEPT ______ .A. approachB. appeara neeC. audie neeD. voice66. In the last sentence of Paragraph 8, “it ”. refers toA. good willB. your approachC. a ben evole nt aspectD. a powerful weap on67. When asked a hostile questi on, the speaker should _________A. keep quietB. focus his/her eyes on the questi onerC. an swer backD. n ever be unfrien dly to the questi oner68. According to the author, one can conquer nervousness by acting in the following waysEXCEPT that ______ .A. he has fully prepared for a situati onB. he has a physical and men tal con trol of n ervous nessC. he can prepare himself as well as his materialD. he can turn to experts for help69. What does the author want to show by his experie nee of freeing himself from stage fright?A. He wants to show that men tal preparatio n works before stage performa nee.B. He wants to show that self-e on trol of n ervous ness is importa nt before stage performa neeC. He wants to show how important it is to be well prepared physically.D. He wants to show how one can win the audienee.70. From Paragraph 2 to Paragraph 17, the artiele diseusses ______ .10 / 11A. how to deliver leetures sueeessfullyB. how to free on eself from stage frightC. how to preve nt n ervous nessD. how to make good preparati ons for soeial eom muni eati onSECTION 3 QUESTIONS AND TRANSLATION® points)VII. Directions: The following questions are closely related to Passage 5. Write a brief answer (one to three complete sentences) to each of the questions on your ANSWER SHEET. Pay attention to the words, grammar and sentence structure in your answers. (15 points, 3 points for each)71.Suppose you are going to see a politieia n, what preparati ons should you make?72. Do the memorable one-liners and moving phrases in history eome from last-minute bursts of in spirati on? Why or whyn ot?73. Use two con trasti ng examples to show the in flue nee of voiee on eom mun icati on.74. What should we prepare for a grilli ng?75. Why is it importa nt to adjust your attitude if you want to preve nt n ervous ness?VIII. Directions: Translate the following sentences(taken from Passage 5) into Chinese and write the Chinese version in the corresponding space on your ANSWER SHEET.(15 points, 3 points for each)76. Two days before your presentation is usually too late to go into the ring and eome up with a winning idea.77. If your voiee is timid and quivers with n ervous ness, you sense it, the audie nee hears it, and you see discomfort intheir eyes.78. Put your palms together in front of you, your elbows pointing out the sides, your fingertips pointing upward, and pushso that you feel pressure in the heels of your palms and un der your arms.79. If you entertain only positive thoughts, you will be giving out these vibes: joy and ease, en thusiasm, sin eerity andconcern, and authority.80. With these techniques, you will be able to ask for a raise, make a sale, deal with a family crisis, feel comfortable insoeial and bus in ess situati ons.11 / 11。

自考《英语二》真题试卷及参考答案20222022年自考《英语二》真题试卷及参考答案Lacking in Self-Esteem (自尊)? Good for you!According to psychological and educational theories, self-esteem is essential for a successful life. Generations of children, especially minority kids, have been educated according to the theory that they lack self-esteem, and that this deficiency is central to any problems they may have in making their way in the world.Well, guess what? A new research has found that self-esteem can be just as high among grade D students and drunk drivers as it is among Nobel Prize winners and former presidents. In fact, people with high self-esteem can engage in far more anti-social behavior than those with lowself-esteem. “We used to believe that high self-esteem would cause all sorts of positive consequences and that if we raised self-esteem, people would do better in life,” a researcher said. “Mostly, the data have failed to support that.” Racists, street thugs (恶棍) and school bullies (恶霸) all have high scores on the self-esteem tests. And you can see why. If you think you’re highly gifted, you’re particularly offended if other people don’t treat you that way. So you hit out or commit crimes to defend your pride. After all, who are they to suggest that you could be doing something wrong? What do they know?Self-esteem can also be an educational concern. College teachers are constantly complaining about the high self-esteem of their students. Whenevery grade in the school is assessed so as to make the kid feel good rather than to give an accurate measure of his work, the kid can developself-esteem dangerously unrelated to the truth. When he’s told he is getting a C grade in college, he can then get deeply offended or extremely angry. Weak professors give in to the pressure – hence, grade inflation, which results in their students’ vague touch with reality.1. It is believed that minority kids often have self-esteem problem.A. TrueB.FalseC. Not Given2. A new research shows that high self-esteem is essential to success.A. TrueB.FalseC. Not Given3. Parents are responsible for their children’s self-esteem.A. TrueB.FalseC. Not Given4. Anti-social behavior is related to low self-esteem.A. TrueB.FalseC. Not Given5. Racists have low self-esteem.A. TrueB.FalseC. Not Given6. People with high self-esteem are hurt more easily.A. TrueB.FalseC. Not Given7. College students are faced with high economic pressure.A. TrueB.FalseC. Not Given8. College teachers are often annoyed with students’ highself-esteem.A. TrueB.FalseC. Not Given9. High grades help students know the truth of themselves.A. TrueB.FalseC. Not Given10. Some college students may find a C grade offending.A. TrueB.FalseC. Not Given二、阅读选择(第11~15题，每题2分，共10分)Organic FarmingDuring thousands of years of huma civilization, the raising of animals and growing of plants have always been organic. Chemicals for farming first came up at the turn of the 20th century. Widespread use of chemicals began after World War II. In the 1950s and 60s farmers started using chemical fertilizers and pesticides (杀虫剂). Recently, however, more and more farmers have been returning to organic farming.In organic farming, farm products are produced in more natural ways. Crops, meat and other food are produced without chemicals. Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and growth hormones (激素) are forbidden. Farmers enrich the soil with natural fertilizers. They pull out weeds by hand. Hay and straw are put between the rows of plants to stop weeding. They rely on the natural enemies of pests to control pests. Animals are fed organically and can eat grass outdoors. Cows, for example, are kept in pastures (草场) and fields. Vegetables and fruit are also produced with organic methods.Organic farming enjoys many advantages. For example, crop rotation can preserve the good qualities of soils. The growing of different crops can keep soils healthy and fertile. Organic farming is healthier for farm workers, and there are fewer remains of chemicals in food. In the long run, organic farms save energy and protect the environment. It can slow down global warming and reduce the pollution of ground water.Meanwhile, there are some disadvantages. Organic food is more expensive. Organic products may cost up to 40% more. Production costs are higher as farmers need more workers, and the land output is much less. Marketing and distribution is not efficient because organic food is provided in smaller amount. Crop illness may happen very often. Besides, organic farming cannot produce enough food for the world’s population to survive. This could lead to starvation in countries that can produce enough food today.11. Organic farming ______.A. started in the 1950sB. had a short historyC. has become popular in recent yearsD. was promoted by World War II12. In organic farming ______.A. cows can move around in fieldsB. natural enemies of pests are scarceC. chemicals are used to kill pestsD. machines are used to pull out weeds13. The phrase “crop rotation” (Para. 3) probably means “______”.A. growing high-yielding cropsB. seasonal growing of cropsC. planting soil-enriching cropsD. regular changing of crops14. One advantage of organic farming is that it is ______.A. water-savingB. labor-savingC. market-friendlyD. environmentally-friendly15. The problem of organic farming is ______.A. poor qualities of soilsB. high production costsC. the use of too much landD. the shortage of farm workers三、概括段落大意和补全句子(第16~25题，每题1分，共10分)Health Benefits of Honey with MilkHoney and milk get along well. Since ancient times, this mix is known for its amazing health benefits.(1) Take a glass of honey with milk before you set out for your day in the morning, and you are guaranteed enough to get through the morning rush. Milk provides you the proteins required while honey helps you get the energy by breaking down these proteins. No wonder this drink is meant for all ages alike.(2) Milk is known for providing calcium (钙), which, in right levels, helps in preventing bone diseases as we age. Research has indicated that honey does a good job of carrying nutrients (营养成分) in the food through the blood to various parts of the body. In particular, honey helps in the absorption of calcium, the vital part of milk.(3) If you ask doctors or your grandmother for a solution to your sleeplessness, you are bound to get the same answer –– a glass of warm milk with honey. It is best known to induce sleep. So take it regularly if you have sleeping problems.(4) Milk and honey not only help in preventing aging by keeping the skin glowing, but also improve your body as a whole as they contain antioxidants (抗氧化物). These help keep the body young and flexible. For a very long time, this has been an open secret in keeping your body look and feel young.(5) Both milk and honey are known to ward off harmful bacteria in our body, but their combined strength is more effective in achieving this effect. Cough and cold can be prevented by taking this drink regularly. It also aids in digestion and treating bowel disorders.Task1 A.Honeymilkfordigestion16.Paragraph(1) B.Honeymilkforayouthfulglow17.Paragraph(2) C.Honeymilkforstrongerbones18.Paragraph(3) D.Honeymilkforenergy19.Paragraph(4) E.Honeymilkforasoundsleep20.Paragraph(5) F.HoneymilkforantibacterialbenefitsTask 221. Milk is rich in _______.22. Milk and honey help _______.23. Honey helps the absorption ______.24. Your body may bend or move easily if you _______.25. Drinking honey milk regularly can prevent _______.A.proteinsandcalciumB.fatandsugarC.coughandcoldD.yourbodylookandfeelyoungE.drinkmilkandhoneyF.ofcalcium四、填句补文(第26~30题，每题2分，共10分)Insomnia (失眠)I just could not fall asleep the other night. I just didn’t feel sleepy.I can’t explain why, but it was really annoying.I got very bored lying in bed, so I decided to read a book. ___26___ But even when I finished reading, I still didn’t feel tired. So I listened to some peaceful music. That didn’t work, either. I have heard people say if you have a warm drink before bedtime, it will help you drift off to sleep. So I went downstairs and made myself a cup of tea. ___27___ Still, I couldn’t sleep. I was getting very frustrated by this point!It felt strange to be awake while everyone else was asleep. ___28___ In fact, it was a little big frightening. When you go to sleep, it feels like one day ends and another begins. But if you stay up late, you realize that day and night are just a gentle transition (转变), a cycle while has no end and no beginning. At 4 a.m., I noticed a faint light coming through my curtains. The sun had started to rise!Normally, I’m a heavy sleeper. ___29___ So on this occasion, I consider myself lucky to see a beautiful sunrise. I knew I needed to get some rest, but it seemed the harder I tried to force myself asleep, the more difficult it was.Eventually, I just let my mind go free. ___30___ I listened to the birdsong... and the next thing I knew it was 11 a.m.! I was happy that I had managed to get some sleep! I have never struggled with sleeping before, so this was my first experience of insomnia. Fortunately, I have been sleeping well since then.A.Theworldseemedsoquiet.B.Istoppedforcingmyselftosleep.C.Aftermytea,Igotbackintobed.D.Ididn’twanttowakeupmyfamily.E.Ithoughtreadingwouldhelpmegettosleep.F.Ihadneverbeenawakeatthistimeinthemorning.五、填词补文(第31~40题，每题1.5分，共15分)SmilesA smile costs nothing but creates much. It enriches those who ____, without making those who give poor. It happens in a ____ and the memory of it sometimes lasts ____. None are so rich that they can get along without it, and none so ____ but are richer for its benefits. It creates ____ in the home, and fosters goodwill in a business. It is rest to the weary (疲劳的), daylight to the ____ and sunshine to the sad. Yet it can’t be bought, begged, borrowed, or stolen, for it is something that is no earthly good to anybody till it is given ____. And if in the last-minute rush of Christmas ____, some of our salespeople should be too ____ to give you a smile, may we ____ you to leave one of yours? For nobody needs a smile so much as those who have none left to give!A.forever E.discouraged I.poorB.away F.flash J.enoughC.happiness G.receive K.buyingD.satisfied H.tired L.ask六、完形补文 (第41~50题，每题1.5分，共15分)The Importance of Friendship for School-age ChildrenFriends are very important to school-age children’s healthy (health) development. Research has ____ (show) that children who lack friends can suffer from emotional and mental difficulties later in life. They have also found that children with friends have a ____ (great) sense of happiness, better self-esteem and fewer problems as they grow up.Friendships provide children with more than just fun ____ (playmate). They help children develop emotionally and ____ (moral). In interacting with friends, children learn many ____ (society) skills, such as how to communicate, and how to cooperate. They practice ____ (control) their emotions and responding to the emotions of others. They develop their ____ (able) to think through and negotiate different situations in their relationships. Having friends ____ (affect) children in many ways, even their school ____ (perform). Children tend to have better attitudes about school and learning when they have friends there. In short, friendships are not just a luxury, they are a ____ (necessary) for children.七、写作(30分)请根据所提供材料中的要求完成一篇100词左右的英文写作任务。

吉林省自考英语二考试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。

A篇In the past few years, there has been a significant increase in the number of people who are choosing to work from home. This trend has been driven by advancements in technology, which have made it easier for individuals to connect with their colleagues and complete their tasks remotely. Working from home offers numerous benefits, including a better work-life balance, reduced commuting time, and the ability to create a personalized work environment.However, there are also challenges associated with remote work. One of the main issues is the potential for isolation, as employees may feel disconnected from their colleagues and the company culture. Additionally, there can be difficulties in communication and collaboration when team members are not physically present in the same location.1. What is the main reason for the increase in remote work?A. Better work-life balance.B. Technological advancements.C. Reduced commuting costs.D. Personalized work environments.2. What is one of the challenges of working from home?A. Lack of access to technology.B. The potential for isolation.C. Difficulty in finding a quiet place to work.D. Increased commuting time.B篇Volunteering is a valuable activity that can benefit both the individual and the community. By volunteering, people cangain new skills, meet new people, and make a positive impact on the lives of others. Many organizations rely on volunteers to help them achieve their goals and provide services tothose in need.There are various types of volunteering opportunities available, ranging from one-time events to long-term commitments. Some volunteers may choose to work with children, while others may prefer to assist the elderly or participatein environmental conservation projects. Regardless of the specific role, volunteering can be a rewarding experiencethat enriches the lives of those who participate.3. What is one of the benefits of volunteering?A. Gaining new skills.B. Higher income.C. Increased job security.D. Access to exclusive events.4. What is a possible volunteering opportunity?A. Working with children.B. Attending a business conference.C. Buying products at a discount.D. Taking a vacation.二、词汇与语法（共30分，每题3分）用所给单词的适当形式填空。

高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）模拟试题二(课程代码 00015)第一部分选择题（共20分）一，阅读判断（第1-10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了十个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C,并在“答题卡”上将相应字母涂黑。

Not many years ago,some farmers were worried because hawks were taking many of their chicken.The farmers didn‟t know what to do.Finally they went to the country officials and asked for help.“Kill the hawks,”the officials said,“We will even pay for them,”so the farmers began to think of ways to kill the hawks.The farmers killed many hawks.They no longer had to worry about their chickens.But they now had a new worry.Field mice were eating up a lot of the farmers’grain.How did this happen?Hawks eat not only chickens but also field mice.They eat more field mice than chickens.But the farmers didn‟t know this.When they killed a lot o fhawks,they changed the balance.When people move into a new place,they often destroy many wild plants.Often these plants are food for the animals.If the animals can‟t find enough plants to eat,they will starve or have to leave the place.In one part of the USA,for example the deer there like to eat a certain kind of wild roses.The mountain lions there eat the deer.The number of deer,mountain lions and wild roses doesn‟t change much if people leave things as they are.But people killed many mountain lions in order to protect the deer.Soon there were so many deerthat they ate up all the wild roses.Then the deer began to eat the green leaves of young trees.These trees were important to the farmers.So the farmers thought of ways to protect their trees.Now the deer had nothing to eat,and many of them died.This was another lesson from nature.To keep the balance of nature is important for us to remember.1What the famers worried is their chickens were all eaten up by hawks.A TrueB FalseC Not Given2Finally the officials told the farmers to kill the hawks.A TrueB FalseC Not Given3In order to protect their chicken, the farmers killed many hawks.A TrueB FalseC Not Given4Field mice eat not only chickens but also the farmers’ grain.A TrueB FalseC Not Given5The farmers changed the balance as a result of killing hawks.A TrueB FalseC Not Given6When the animals can’t find enough plants to eat in a place,they will starve or have to leave.A TrueB FalseC Not Given7The number of mountain lions in one part of USA is more than other parts of it.A TrueB FalseC Not Given8.The number of animals changes much if people leave things as they are.A TrueB FalseC Not Given9 The farmer thought of many ways to prevent deer from eating up wild roses.A TrueB FalseC Not Given10.It is important for us to keep the balance of nature.A TrueB FalseC Not Given二阅读选择（第11-15题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A,B,C,D）中选出一个最佳选项，并在“答题卡”上将相应字母涂黑。

2025年高等教育自学考试自考《英语二》复习试题及解答参考一、阅读判断（共10分）第一题The Role of Sleep in LearningSleep is often seen as a passive activity, a time when our brains simply shut down. However, research increasingly shows that sleep is far more complex and crucial to our learning and cognitive abilities than previously thought. During sleep, our brains ac tively process and consolidate the information we’ve acquired throughout the day.One key finding is that sleep improves memory consolidation. When we sleep, our brains replay memories, strengthening neural connections and transferring information from short-term to long-term memory. This process helps us remember things better and for longer periods.Furthermore, sleep is essential for cognitive functions such as attention, concentration, and decision-making. A good night’s sleep allows our brains to recha rge and function optimally. When we’re sleep-deprived, our cognitive abilities suffer, leading to impaired attention, slower reaction times, and poorer decision-making.The impact of sleep on learning is particularly important for students. Studies have shown that students who get enough sleep perform better academically. They have better memory, focus, and problem-solving skills, ultimately leading to improved grades and overall academic success.Therefore, prioritizing sleep is not just about feeling rest ed; it’s also about optimizing our learning potential.判断题：1、The author emphasizes that sleep is an entirely passive process. （False）2、Sleep plays a crucial role in transferring information from short-term to long-term memory. (True)3、Sleep deprivation has no negative impact on cognitive functions. (False)4、The passage argues that sleep is crucial for academic success. (True)5、According to the passage, sleep does not contribute to improving attention and concentration. (False)第二题Passage 1The increasing number of people suffering from serious sleep disorders has opened the door to the development of sleeping pills that can treat these plaque diseases. Although these medications have been largely successful in treating sleep disorders, they have also led to a number of negative side effects that many practice and researchers believe may need to be addressed.One of the most significant side effects of these summer sleeping pillsincludes the reduction of its person’s ability to wake up. This can be incredibly dangerous, and has led to a growing number of cases of sleep-drenched individuals having car accidents. For this reason, some researches and few hospitals have started to look into the effects of these medications, in light of their popularity in treating serious sleep disorders.From a realistic point of view, it is likely that these negative side effects will be controlled early on in the development of any sleeping pill. It is also likely to continue being a popular approach to treating these areas, although research needs to be further conducted in these areas to protect the health and safety of these individuals affected by sleep disorders.1.Sleep disorders can be cured.2.Sleeping pills do not cause any side effects.3.Car coverage in accidents may be a permanent solution.4.Most counselors for sleep disorder will treat in line with the medication.5.The article implies that there are alternate solutions not covered in the article.Correct answers:1.False - The passage states that there are serious sleep disorders that cannot be cured.2.False - The passage mentions that sleeping pills have negative side effects.3.False - The idea of ‘car coverage’ is not mentioned; instead, a serious discussion of protective health and safety measures is mentioned.4.True - The passage mentions that there are popular solutions for sleepdisorder treatment that include medication, hinting to counselors.5.True - The passage does not offer any specific alternative solutions to those who believe there may be.二、阅读理解（共10分）Title: “The Importance of Continuous Education in the Modern World”In the modern world, the pace of change is unprecedented. New technologies emerge, industries evolve, and global landscapes shift. With such rapid changes, it’s essential for individuals to engage in continuous learning and education throughout their lifetime. This is particularly true for the field of English language, where literacy and fluency can open up opportunities that were once inaccessible.The Higher Education Sector has been at the forefront of this movement, offering various pathways for adult learners to acquire knowledge and skills. Among the most accessible and flexible options is the self-taught Higher Education Entrance Examination, also known as the “Self-taught Higher Education Entrance Examination for English 2.” This examination is designed to assess candidates’ reading, writing, listening, and speaking abilities in English.Candidates who succeed in this exam not only enhance their personal development but also gain the qualifications needed to pursue further studies at universities or colleges. Indeed, continuous education and self-directedlearning are the keys to success in today’s competitive job market.Question:What is the primary purpose of the passage?(A)To persuade readers to attend university classes in English.(B)To explain the importance of continuous education in the modern world.(C)To advise readers on how to prepare for a specific exam.(D)To introduce a new educational program for adults.Correct Answer: (B) To explain the importance of continuous education in the modern world.三、概况段落大意和补全句子（共10分）First QuestionPassage:Modern technology has revolutionized the way we learn. The internet, in particular, has opened up a vast world of educational resources, making it possible for anyone with an internet connection to access a wealth of information and educational materials. This has led to the rise of online learning, which offers numerous advantages over traditional classroom-based learning. For instance, online learning allows students to learn at their own pace, on their own schedule, and from the comfort of their own homes. It also offers greater flexibility, enabling students to balance their studies with work or other commitments. Furthermore, online learning can be more affordable thantraditional education, as it eliminates the costs associated with commuting, textbooks, and on-campus housing. However, there are also some challenges associated with online learning. One of the main challenges is the lack of face-to-face interaction with instructors and peers, which can make it more difficult to build relationships and develop social skills. Another challenge is the potential for distractions at home, which can make it harder to focus on studies.Despite these challenges, online learning has become increasingly popular in recent years and is expected to continue to grow in the future. As technology continues to advance, online learning platforms are becoming more sophisticated, offering features such as virtual reality and artificial intelligence to enhance the learning experience. Ultimately, the rise of online learning is transforming the way we think about education, making it more accessible, flexible, and personalized.Complete the following sentences based on the passage:1.Online learning allows students to learn_______and _______.Answer：at their own pace, on their own schedule2.The_______of online learning includes eliminating the costs associated with commuting, textbooks, and on-campus housing.Answer： affordability3.One of the main challenges of online learning is the lack of_______with instructors and peers.Answer： face-to-face interaction4.Online learning platforms are becoming _______, offering features such as virtual reality and artificial intelligence.Answer： more sophisticated5.The rise of online learning is transforming the way we think about _______, making it more accessible, flexible, and personalized.Answer： educationSecond Question: Summary and Missing SentencesPassage: The Battle of Gaeta, 1831The eleventhth victory of Giuseppe Garibaldi, the Italian general and statesman, was the Liberation of Rome (1849) and Rome became a free state. Garibaldi’s next planned revolutionary activity was to gain the13th region, Naples, and to unite it with Rome. Naples was under the Roman reactionary monarchy, but the people longed to rid themselves of the Bourbon realm. Opposing the Bourbons were the Sorrentini, thepeated, fiercelybusiness Persians who had taken a vow foreversully in defense of the city’s against them. They contributed greatly to its religious life and named it after their main fortress,13be called on to help guard Naples. The fortress of Gaeta was surrounded by an important town of 13be, Leonard Porto. This was the 14th one of the critical pieces of land in the145t and was fully fortified. Its fulfill of the13d. The walls were built of massively hardened6 earth that they could resist cannon fire. The bombardment was6 ineffective while the enemy closed in 15 , and the only hopewas to reconquer the field with a 16Forward sweep. This plan had to be made 16 Lit a type the spectacle of the 183d This next, the events of the first day of the battle is recorded. In 19 an attack was suspended yet broken’ on the twentieth day of the 183d, the siege came to an end. The battle of Gaeta was the only battle of Gariboldi’s campaigns in which he6 raided the coast’to enter the sacred city. The20-公顷of MapGraphy_6_99.65 had reconquered Gaeta’s 227 analyzed Barnet, 1985- the survey attempt was 386 years “Shotoni,” various European8 w sounding by ice age complex id ’Cup不知道是不是搜索引擎的最小结果单元,以及是否将反重启预处理与分結预处理视为几种不同类型的操作.对于以上四个维度的质疑,我们针对前面的维度和操作在协猾长度、英文原语造成了语义模糊的原因,以及通过对英语教师的访谈发现了更多原因.cccc@ caaaeBonus Question: Which of the following sentences best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A)Garibaldi planned to liberate the Kingdom of Naples from the Bourbonmonarchy to join with Rome.B)The Sorrentini people clashed with the Persians who protected their cityof Gaeta, leading to a battle.C)Garibaldi’s aim was to earn the Naples region while Nap les itself longedfor freedom from the Bourbon monarchy.D)Gaeta’s Fortress, the Battle of Gaeta, and the fortified walls of theancient city were all crucial to Garibaldi’s struggles.四、填空补文（共10分）Reading Passage:The development of technology has greatly influenced the way we learn, particularly in higher education. Self-taught students pursuing higher education through self-study exams like the English II exam are now able to access a wide range of resources and tools that weren’t available in th e past. This includes online courses, e-learning platforms, and digital libraries that provide access to various learning materials.Fill in the blanks:1.The________of technology has significantly impacted the field of higher education.2.Self-taught students pursuing higher education through self-study exams are now able to________resources that were not available in the past.3.Online courses and e-learning platforms are examples of tools that are available to students who are________for higher education exams like the English II exam.4.Digital libraries provide access to various________for students preparing for higher education exams.5.The development of technology has enabled students to be more________in their learning process, as they can now access resources and tools at their own convenience.1.advancement2.access3.preparing4.learning materials5.autonomous五、填词补文（共15分）第一题阅读下面的短文，从给出的选项中选出最恰当的词语来补全短文。

全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试英语阅读（二）试题课程代码：00596Ⅰ.Match the words from Column A with the definitions from Column B.(15%)A. B.1.fasten A. eat very quickly2.vaguely B. not clearly felt3.utterly C. fix firmly4.gobble D. dark with clouds5.strengthen E. completely6.probe F. animal living by killing and eating other animals7.predator G. an apparatus sent into the sky to examine the conditions in outerspace8.overcast H. make sth. strong or stronger9.figure I. fixed regular pay10.approximately J. moreover or in addition11.famine K. change one’s place of living12.assemble L. fit or put together13.migrate M. serious lack of food14.furthermore N. nearly, almost15.salary O. symbol for a numberⅡ. All the following sentences are taken from the textbook. Study each sentence carefully and choose A,B,C or D that has the closest meaning to the underlined word or phrase.(15%)1.What breathtaking impertinence to advertise 1p OFF your soap or washing powder or dog food or whatever.A. very disgustingB. frighteningC. excitedD. very unusual and astonishing2.The person thanked me and put me completely at ease.A. brought...troubleB. freed...from painC. made...nervousD. fortable3.Not only will these questions help you understand a person’s needs, you also strengthen rapport by showing concern and listening.A. peaceful atmosphereB. friendly relationshipC. recognitionD. mutual understanding4.Concentrated eye contact helps you listen more effectively, and customers intuitively respect1people who look them in the eyes.A. consciouslyB. directlyC. weaklyD. gradually5.So exploration of the solar system is more or less underway.A. in progressB. in preparationC. moving awayD. in the way6....my wife had slipped me the housekeeping before going on holiday...A. escaped fromB. got free fromC. leftD. given secretly7.Errors occur because men grow tired and can be distracted.A. be cheatedB. get confusedC. have their attention drawn away from what they are doingD. become anxious and restless8.Regardless of their direction or form, computer developments and uses of the future will depend on the cleverness and skill of men.A. without respect forB. without what happens toC. without worrying aboutD. without being troubled by9.Harry Paulinanas,23,also from Sydney, said he was still stunned hours after the attack.A. surprisedB. shockedC. worriedD. unconscious10.The windscreen and five of its windows had been shattered by the gunfire.A. brokenB. scatteredC. shotD. blown away11.Inside,scores of Egyptian officials shouted orders and questions as they herded a crowd offrightened tourists into the restaurant.A. looked afterB. fedC. droveD. took12.As they filed by, they passed a bottle of water still intact that lay in a pool of blood.A. untouchedB. completeC. brokenD. undamaged13.Her frail legs were covered with shrapnel and glass wounds.A. injuredB. frontC. brokenD. weak14.Radical groups have in the past targeted foreign tourists in an effort to cripple the country’stourist industry.A. aimed atB. directed towards2C. shot atD. made a goal of15.The spate of shootings had appeared to be easing recently.A. relaxingB. weakeningC. feeling at homeD. becoming less tightⅢ.Reading Comprehension(40%)Reading Passage 1The range in frequencies of musical sounds is approximately 20－20,000 cycles per second(Hz).Some people can hear higher frequencies than others. Longitudinal(纵向的) waves whose frequencies are higher than those within the audible range are called ultrasonic frequencies. Ultrasonic frequencies are used in sonar for such purposes as submarine detection and depth finding. Ultrasonic frequencies are also being tried for sterilizing food since these frequencies kill some bacteria. Sound waves of all frequencies in the audible range travel at the same speed in the same medium. In the audible range, the higher the frequency of the sound the higher is the pitch. The term supersonic refers to speed greater than sound. An airplane traveling at supersonic speed is moving at a speed of sound in air at that temperature. Mach 1 means a speed equal to that of sound; Mach 2 means a speed equal to twice that of sound, etc.Musical sounds have three basic characteristics: pitch, loudness, and quality or timbre. As was indicated above, pitch is determined largely by the frequency of the wave reaching the ear. The higher the frequency the higher is the pitch. Loudness depends on the amplitude of the wave reaching the ear. For a given frequency, the greater the amplitude of the wave the louder the sound. To discuss quality of sound we need to clarify the concept of overtones. Sounds are produced by vibrating objects; if these objects are given a gentle push, they usually vibrate at one definite frequency producing a pure tone. This is the way a tuning fork is usually used. When objects vibrate freely after a force is momentarily applied, they are said to produce their natural frequency. Some objects, like strings and air columns, can vibrate naturally at more than one frequency at a time. The lowest frequency which an object can produce when vibrating freely is known as the object’s fundamental frequency; other frequencies that the object can produce are known as its overtones.The quality of a sound depends on the number and relative amplitude of the overtones present in the wave reaching the ear.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to ______.A. define the nature and quality of musical soundsB. analyze what gives a work of art its musical qualityC. explain the applications of ultrasonic frequenciesD. explore the influence of wave length on musical appreciation2.The style and content of this passage indicate that it is most likely an excerpt from ______.A. an informal article written for a popular magazineB. a scholarly monograph on aestheticsC. a college textbook on music theory3D. a critique of music education at school3.According to the author, the timbre of a musical sound is dependent on ______A. amplitudeB. frequencyC. overtonesD. speed4.According to the passage, ultrasonic frequencies are ______.A. inaudibleB. excessively fastC. characterized by a great amplitudeD. death rays5.Which of the following individuals would be most likely to use terms like Mach 5 or Mach 9?A. a helicopter pilotB. a musicianC. an astronautD. a submarine navigatorReading Passage 2Writing being largely a self-taught occupation, texts on how to get about it—though great in number —seldom are of much use.You try and fail. Then try again, and perhaps fail not quite so grievously. Until at last, if you have some aptitude for it, the failures become less frequent, or at any rate less noticeable.It is this ability to conceal one’s defects that passes, finally, for accomplishment.Along the way there are the discouragements of unkind criticism, outright rejection, nagging insecurity and intermittent inability to meet debts.It is uncommon, therefore, to come across a book containing advice of much practical value for anyone toying with the dangerous idea of embarking on a writing life.An acquaintance recently loaned me such a book, however-one I wish I’d had the luck to read years ago, and which I would commend to any young person bent on making a career of words. It is the slender autobiography of the English novelist Anthony Trollope, first published in 1883,the year after his death.Needing some means to support himself, Trollope at the age of 19 signed on as a junior clerk in the British postal service. He was at his desk at 5∶30 each morning to write for three hours. And he remained in the mail service 33 years, long after reputation and prosperity had come to him.Now, what of his advice?1.For safety’s sake, arm yourself with some other skills, some other line of work to fall back on. That way, failure at writing, though the disappointment may be keen, will not mean utter ruin.2.Do not depend overly much on inspiration. Writing is a craft, which Trollope compared to the craft of shoemaking. The shoemaker who has just turned out one pair of his shoes sets to work immediately on the next pair.3.Have a story to tell, but, more important than that, people with characters who will speak and move as living creatures in the reader’s mind. Without memorable characters, story alone is noting.44.Meet your deadlines. Life is endlessly “painful and troublesome”for writers who can’t finish their work on time.5.Do not be inflated by praise. And, above all, do not be crushed by criticism.6.Understand the risks of writing for a living.“The career, when successful, is pleasant enough certainly; but when unsuccessful, it is of all careers the most agonizing.”6.In this passage the author mainly discusses ______.A. the difficulties and risks of making a career of wordsB. the futility of instructions contained in writing manualsC. the autobiography of the 19th English novelist Anthony TrollopeD. sound advice provided in A. Trollope’s autobiography7.From the context we can figure out that the phrase “pass for”(Para. 3) means ______.A.“pose as”B.“be accepted as”C.“be equal to”D.“act as”8.According to the author, writing ______.A. is basically a self-taught occupation and no instructions on how to deal with it are of any practical useB. is a “trial and error”process and it does not count whether you have the gift for writing or notC. for a living is the most difficult and risky of all careers,full of frustration and discouragement.D. sometimes provides good hopes of winning public praise and escaping humiliating poverty9.The author admires A.Trollope particularly for ______.A. his brillianceB. his diligenceC. his precautionD. his pragmatism10.From the passage we may infer that the author is most probably ______.A. an instructor of writingB. a writerC. an educatorD. a publisherReading Passage 3A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic(施虐性的) impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once.5Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of the fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, twoheaded dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their cases were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfriend.No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was.11.The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ______.A. repeated without variationB. treated with reverenceC. adapted by the parentD. set in the present12.Some people dislike fairy stories because they feel that they _____.A. tempt people to be cruel to childrenB. show the primitive cruelty in childrenC. lend themselves to undesirable experiments with childrenD. increase a tendency to sadism in children13.Fairy stories are a means by which children’s impulses may be ______.A. beneficially channeledB. given a destructive tendencyC. held back until maturityD. effectively suppressed14.The advantage claimed for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it ______.A. makes them come to terms with their fearsB. develops their power of memoryC. convinces them there is nothing to be afraid ofD. encourages them not to have ridiculous beliefs15.The author’s mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest that ______.A. fairy stories are still being made upB. there is confusion about different kinds of truthC. people try to modernise old fairy storiesD. there is more concern for children’s fears nowadaysReading Passage 4By far the most common difficulty in study is simple failure to get down to regular concentrated work. This difficulty is much greater for those who do not work to a plan and have no regular routine of study. Many students muddle along, doing a bit of this subject or that, as the mood takes them, or letting their set work pile up until the last possible moment.Few students work to a set timetable. They say that if they did construct a timetable for6themselves they would not keep to it,or would have to alter it constantly, since they can never predict from one day to the next what their activities will be.No doubt some temperaments take much more kindly to a regular routine than others. There are many who shy away from the selfregimentation of a weekly timetable, and dislike being tied down to a definite programme of work. Many able students claim that they work in cycles. When they become interested in a topic they work on it intensively for three or four days at a time. On other days they avoid work completely. It has to be confessed that we do not fully understand the complexities of the motivation to work. Most people over 25 years of age have become conditioned to a work routine, and the majority of really productive workers set aside regular hours for the more important aspects of their work. The ‘toughminded’school of workers is usually very contemptuous of the idea that good work can only be done spontaneously, under the influence of inspiraton.Those who believe that they need only work and study as the fit takes them have a mistaken belief either in their own talent or in the value of ‘freedom’.Freedom from restraint and discipline leads to unhappiness rather than to ‘selfexpression’or ‘personality development’.Our society insists on regular habits, timekeeping and punctuality, and whether we like it or not, if we mean to make our way in society we have to comply with its demands.16.The most widespread problem in applying oneself to study is that of ______.A. the failure to keep to a routine of methodical and intensive workB. changing from one subject to anotherC. unwillingness to follow a systematic planD. applying oneself to a subject only when one feels inclined17.According to the selection, there are many students who ______.A. do not like being commanded to study according to a weekly timetableB. are too timid to accustom themselves to a weekly timetableC. refuse to exert themselves the whole week as if under military disciplineD. shrink from the selfdiscipline required for working to a weekly plan18.Those workers with strict views on work ______.A. are very critical of the belief that good work can be a natural product of instinctB. reject the idea that good work is second nature to manC. do not regard as serious the opinion that good work can be done at any time regardless ofinspirationD. are deeply scornful of the idea that good work can only be done when free from externalinfluence and prompted by internal stimulus19.In Paragraph 4 “as the fit takes them”means ______.A. when they have the energyB. when they are in the moodC. when they find conditions suitableD. when they feel fit20.A suitable title for the passage might be ______.7A. Attitudes to StudyB. Study PlansC. The Difficulties of StudyingD. Study and SelfdisciplineⅣ.Questions:(10%)All the questions are based on Reading Passage 5. Answer the questions with the fewest words possible.Reading Passage 5Research that went into developing the highly specialized technology for space travel has resulted in many unexpected practical applications back on earth. Out of the engineering that produced rocket motors, liquid propellants, space suits, and other necessities of space flight came by-products that no one had anticipated. Equipment and procedures designed for astronauts and space flights have been successfully adapted for use in medicine, industry, and the home. These valuable products of space research, called spin-offs, have improved the quality of life on earth in many ways.Some of the best-known examples of spin-offs from space research are found in hospitals and doctors’ offices. One such example is the sight switch, which was originally developed to allow astronauts to control their spacecraft without using their hands. The sight switch is now used by handicapped people to operate devices using eye movements. Another spin-off is the voice command device, which was designed to enable astronauts to steer their spacecraft by voice command. This device is now being used to help deaf people learn to speak.Doctors have also benefited from the technology required to make miniature electronic instruments small enough and durable enough for trips into space. From this technology have come hearing aids the size of an aspirin and television cameras small enough to be attached to a surgeon’s head to give medical students a close-up view of an operation.Biotelemetry, which was developed to monitor the physical signs of astronauts by checking their temperature, brain-wave activity, breathing rate, and heartbeat, offers doctors a new means of monitoring hospital patients. Biosensors attached to the body send data by wire or radio. This information is displayed on terminals for doctors to analyze.Aerospace scientists in England developed a special bed for astronauts that is now used for burn patients. It enables them to float on a cushion of air. The burns can heal more quickly because they do not rub against the bed.1.What does the technical term “spin-offs”refer to?2.According to the author, the deveopment of the highly specialized technology has not only made space travel possible but also ______.ing word-part and contextual clues, we may infer that “biotelemetry”means the monitoring and measuring of a living organism’s ______ by the use of telemetry techniques.4.What is the author primarily concerned with in this passage?5.What would be the most logical topic for the author to address in succeeding paragraphs?Ⅴ.Translate the following short passage into Chinese.(20%)8On an evening in the latter part of May, a middle-aged man was walking homeward from Shaston to the village of Marlott, in the adjoining Vale of Blakemore or Blackmoor. The pair of legs that carried him were shaky, and there was a leaning to the left in his walking manner. He occasionally gave a smart nod, as if to make sure some opinion, though he was not thinking of anything in particular. An empty egg-basket was hung upon his arm, the top of his hat was wrinkled, a patch being quite worn away at its brim where his thumb came in taking it off. Presently he was met by an elderly parson riding on a gray mare, who, as he rode, hummed a wandering tune.9。

2014年10月全国自考英语阅读（二）考前密卷00596(含答案)一、Reading Comprehension. (50 points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C anPassage TwoExcept for the Indians, the earliest backpackers in America were frontiersmen, who roamed the wilderness looking either for necessities such as food and water or for sources of wealth such as fur and gold. For them backpacking was a way of survival or a means of achieving what one day would be called the “American Dream ”.Today, however, many people enjoy backpacking as a recreational activity. Shouldering a pack and leaving behind the world of telephone, television, and traffic promise an exciting experience. T esting one’s stamina (耐力) and skills is challenging, and recapturing a sense of one’s place in the natural world can be rewarding. Moreover, backpacking is an activity that can last any length for time and can be enjoyed alone or with friends. Then too, a backpacking trip may be organized within a day or two. The backpacker and his friends have only to decide on their destination and then organize the all?important kit, whose contents they must depend on throughout their trip. A map, compass, a flashlight, along with first aid equipment, food, and extra clothing can be rounded up without much difficulty. Once ’the backpackers have left word about where they go in a note on the refrigerator door or in a message on an answering machine, they can look forward to an adventure that will lift the spirit and nourish the soul. Their outing will enable them to return in a short time to the age of technology with the courage and independence of Natty Bumppo, who did indeed belong to the age of the frontier.第1题 The earliest backpackers were____ .A. native AmericansB. IndiansC. fur tradersD. gold miners【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数0分第2题 Early backpackers who roamed about in wilderness wanted to____ .A. find the American dreamB. find a recreation in lifeC. relieve the stress of everyday lifeD. find daily necessities【正确答案】 D【你的答案】本题分数0分第3题 One of the advantages of backpacking is that____ .A. it can help people to know the nature betterB. it is a group activity and can cure a person’s lonelinessC. it is not so challenging as other activitiesD. it does not require people to decide on a destination【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数0分第4题What does the word “whose” (Line 7, Para. 2) refer to?A. The backpacker’s.B. His friends’.C. The kit’s.D. The backpacker’s and his friends’.【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数0分第5题 The passage mainly discusses ____.A. the early backpackersB. backpacking as a perfect form of recreationC. how backpacking startedD. why people of today are interested in backpacking【正确答案】 D【你的答案】本题分数2分Passage FiveTeenagers who have done well in high school are usually confident and college bound—but they are not the majority. Many of their peers have not yet learned necessary survival skills or experienced any feeling of achievement. They lack both the job skills and the sophistication that are needed to find work in a tight job market. Their sagging self?image is not improved when they are rejected by prospective employers who have neither the time nor the budget to train raw recruits.Today business and industry are engaged in myriad mysterious machinations (谋划) that challenge the understanding of even the brightest adult. No wonder young people, fresh out of senior government class, are lost. Some high schools acknowledge students’ needs by offering work experience and career observation and exploration programs. Often the shyest, least successful students will not even apply. For many, approaching the first rung (阶梯) of the career ladder is the most difficult step in the entire lifetime career process. Statistics show that the unemployment rate for young adult is two to three times higherthan the rate for the remainder of the population.Walter Williams, who teaches at Temple University, favors a lower minimum age and wage for teenagers. He maintains such changes would increase employment for the young, especially minorities, allowing them to step up onto the first rung of the career ladder and gain badly needed work experience. Such services as movie ushering and car hopping might be reinstated (恢复) without taking jobs away from older people.第1题 According to the writer, most high school teenagers____ .A. are confidentB. lack confidenceC. are stupidD. lack financial support【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数0分第2题The word “peers” (Line 2, Para. 1) means____ .A. pioneersB. parentsC. noblemenD. children of the same or similar age【正确答案】 D【你的答案】本题分数0分第3题 At the beginning of the second paragraph, the author tries to convince the readers that____ .A. young people are not doing well in some high schoolsB. there is something wrong with the governments policiesC. young people are not to blame for the present situationD. adults are certainly cleverer than teenagers【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数0分第4题 The author believes that _____.A. young people should help the adults whenever they canB. high school graduates should choose to go to college firstC. unemployment should be done away with in this countryD. young people should take firm steps to start their careers【正确答案】 D【你的答案】本题分数0分第5题What is the exact meaning of “badly needed” (Line 3, Para. 3)?A. Needed very much.B. Bad needed.C. Unimportant.D. Important.【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数2分Passage FiveMany private institutions of higher education around the country are in danger. Not all will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved. There are low?quality schools just as there are low?quality businesses. We have no obligation to save them simply because they exist.But many thriving institutions that deserve to continue are threatened. They are doing a fine job educationally, but they are caught in a financial squeeze, with no way to reduce rising costs or increase revenues significantly. Raising tuition does not bring in more revenue, for each time tuition goes up, the enrollment goes down, or the amount that must be given away in student aid goes up. Schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually because of mismanagement but because of the nature of enterprise. They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students. Even a very good college is a very bad business.It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, I worry about. Low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even with full enrollments, they may go under. Efforts to save them and preferably to keep them private, are a national necessity. There is no basis for arguing that private schools are inherently better than public schools. Examples to the contrary abound. Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity is a national necessity. Diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education. In an imperfect society such as ours, uniformity of education throughout the nation could be dangerous. In an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good. Ardent supporters of public higher education know the importance of sustaining private higher education. 第1题 What institutions, according to the author, should be saved?A. Private ones which are of high quality.B. Private ones which have low?quality business.C. Private ones which have existed for a long time.D. All private institutions and public institutions.【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数0分第2题By saying “Even a very good college is a very bad business” (Line 7, Para. 2), the author means____.A. there are either too many students or too few students in a good collegeB. there are very bad business companies in a good collegeC. even if a good college does a fine job educationally, it has financial problemD. even a very good college doesn’t have good management as a good company has【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数0分第3题The expression “go under” (Line 2, Para. 3) probably means____.A. have low tuitionB. have bad managementC. become bad business companiesD. get into financial troubles【正确答案】 D【你的答案】本题分数0分第4题 Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. It’s the nature of schools that makes schools bad businesses.B. Enrollment goes down if the tuition is raised.C. Public schools have more money than private schools.D. Not all private schools deserve to be saved.【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数0分第5题 The purpose of the author to write this passage is to____.A. show readers the difference between public schools and private schoolsB. appeal to the public to support private higher educationC. prove that private institutions are bad businessesD. show that public schools are better than private schools【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数2分Passage ThreeThe temperature of the Sun is over 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center. The Sun is so much hotter than the Earth that matter can exist only as a gas, except at the core. In the core of the Sun, the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid core. However, no one really knows, since the center of the Sun can never be directly observed.Solar astronomers do know that the Sun is divided into five layers or zones. Starting at the outside and going down into the Sun, the zones are the corona, chromospheres, photosphere, convection zone, and finally the core. The first three zones are regarded as the Sun’s atmosphere. But since the Sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main body of the Sun begins. The Sun’s outermost layer b egins about 10,000 miles above the visible surface and goes outward for millions of miles. This is the only part of the Sun that can be seen during an eclipse such as the one in February 1979. At any other time, the corona can be seen only when special instruments are used on cameras and telescopes to keep out the glare of the Sun’s rays.The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, about as bright as the full Moon. Its beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse. The corona’s rays fla sh out in a brilliant fan that has wispy spikelike rays near the Sun’s north and south poles. The corona is thickest at the Sun’s equator.The corona rays are made up of gases streaming outward at tremendous speeds and reaching a temperature of more than 2 million degrees Fahrenheit. The rays of gas thin out as they reach the space around the planets. By the time the Sun’s corona rays reach the Earth, they are weak and invisible.第1题 The temperature of the Sun at the center is____.A. over 5,000 degrees FahrenheitB. more than 5,000 degrees CentigradeC. over 16,000,000 degrees FahrenheitD. more than 16,000,000 degrees Centigrade【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数0分第2题 One thing that is sure about the core of the Sun is that____.A. it is gasB. it is solidC. the temperature is lowD. the pressure is great【正确答案】 D【你的答案】本题分数0分第3题The zone that is NOT regarded as the Sun’s atmosphere is ____.A. convection zoneB. corona zoneC. chromospheres zoneD. photosphere zone【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数0分第4题 Paragraph 2 is mainly about____ .A. how the Sun evolvedB. the structure of the SunC. why scientists study the SunD. the main body of the Sun【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数0分第5题The word “glare” in paragraph 3 is c losest in meaning to____ .A. glitterB. gleamC. blazeD. fire【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数2分Passage TwoThe first European stock exchange was established in Antwerp, Belgium (比利时), in 1531. There were no stock exchanges in England until the 1700’s. A man wishing to buy or sell shares of stock had to find a broker(agents) to transact his business for him. In London, he usually went to a coffee house, because brokers often gathered there. In 1773, the brokers of London formed a stock exchange.In New York City, brokers met under an old button?wood tree on Wall Street. They organized the New York Stock Exchange in 1792. The American Stock Exchange, second largest in the United States, was formerly called the Curb Exchange because of its origin on the streets of New York City.A stock exchange is a market place where member brokers buy and sell stocks and bonds of American andforeign businesses on behalf of the public. A stock exchange provides a market place for stocks and bonds in the same way a board of trade does for commodities. The stockbrokers receive a small commission on each transaction they make.The stockholder may sell his stock wherever he wants to unless the corporation has some special rule to prevent it. Prices of stock change according to general business conditions and the earnings and future prospects of the company. If the business is doing well, the stockholder may be able to sell his stock for a profit. If it is not, he may have to take a loss.第1题In the 1600’s, if a man wanted to buy or sell shares of stock, he had to do it through____ .A. the governmentB. himselfC. a brokerD. the stock exchange【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数0分第2题 The second largest stock exchange in the U.S. used to be called____.A. the Wall Street ExchangeB. the New York Stock ExchangeC. the Curb ExchangeD. the U.S. Exchange【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数0分第3题In Para. 3, the word “commodities” probably means ____.A. goodsB. papersC. sharesD. agreements【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数0分第4题 Which of the statements is true?A. The stockholder can sell his stock to anywhere at anytime.B. There were no stock exchange in England in the 1700’ s.C. The price of stock is not stable.D. The stockbrokers do the transaction without charging for the stockholders.【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数0分第5题 The passage is mainly about____ .A. the Wall StreetB. the stock exchangeC. the stockD. the stockholder and stockbroker【正确答案】 B二、Vocabulary. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each wordScan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the bracket after each word definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write the word you choose on the ANSWER SHEET. Virtually every company with a computer is vulnerable to computer abuse, crime and accident. Security of the computer and of the information and assets contained within it are therefore of paramount importance to management. Skilled computer criminals can break into a computer system far more easily than an armed robber can gain access to a bank vault, and usually with far less risk of apprehension and punishment. A slight change in a complex program can bring about the misappropriation of thousands of pounds. Accidental erasure of crucial data can paralyse company’s operations. Anyone familiar with the necessary procedure can gain access to information stored in the computer, no matter how confidential, and use it for his own purposes.Although the actual extent of computer crime is difficult to measure, most experts agree that it is one of the fastest growing areas of illegal activity. The principal reason for both the growth and the lack of accurate measurement is the difficulty in detecting a well?executed theft. Losses per incident thus tend to be higher than in other types of theft. Once the computer criminal has compromised the system, it is just as easy to steal a great sum as it is to steal a little, and to continue stealing long after the initial theft. Indeed, the computer criminal may find it more difficult to stop his illicit activity than to start it.Computer criminals are, for the most part, well?educated and highly intelligent, and have the analytical skills that make them valued employees. The fact that computer criminals do not fit criminal stereotypes helps them to obtain the positions they require to carry out crimes. Being intelligent, they have fertile imaginations, and the variety of ways in which they use equipment to their advantage is constantly being extended. In addition to direct theft of funds, the theft of d ata (“program? napping”) for corporate espionage or extortion is becoming widespread, and can obviously have a substantial effect on a company’s finances. Another lucrative scheme, often difficult to detect, involves accumulating fractions pence from indiv idual payroll accounts, with electronic transfer of the accumulated amount to the criminal’s payroll. Employers are hardly concerned with pence, much less fractions of pence. In addition, of course,the company’s total payroll is unaffected. But the cumula tive value of fractions of pence per employee in a company with a substantial payroll can add up to a useful gain.第1题 ______wrong or bad use of something (Para. 1)【正确答案】 abuse【你的答案】修改分数本题分数0分你的得分第2题 ______a way or means of approach or entrance (Para. 1)【正确答案】 access【你的答案】修改分数本题分数0分你的得分第3题 ______secret (Para. 1)【正确答案】 confidential【你的答案】修改分数本题分数0分你的得分第4题 ______find out the size, amount, etc. of something (Para.2)【正确答案】 measure【你的答案】你的得分第5题 ______first in importance (Para. 2)【正确答案】 principal【你的答案】修改分数本题分数0分你的得分第6题 ______not allowed by law (Para. 2)【正确答案】 illicit【你的答案】修改分数本题分数0分你的得分第7题 ___ ___persons who work for someone else (Para. 3)【正确答案】 employees【你的答案】修改分数本题分数0分你的得分第8题 ______a favorable condition, or benefit (Para. 3)【正确答案】 advantage【你的答案】你的得分第9题 ______discover (Para. 3)【正确答案】 detect【你的答案】修改分数本题分数0分你的得分第10题 ______ increasing steadily in amount (Para. 3)【正确答案】 cumulative三、Summarization. (20 points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this section of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes tParagraph FiveSample consumers can be asked to answer a questionaire about their reactions. The people who ask the questions for these surveys are generally women. They are usually more gentle and sympathetic, and people are less likely to tell them to jump in the lake. They will be asked to put the questions to a representative sample of potential users of the product who will have been selected according to their socio?economic categorisation on a scale from A for the richest to E for the poorest with subdivisions within each group from 1 to 3.第1题A____’ survey to gauge consumer demand.【正确答案】 advertisers【你的答案】本题分数2分修改分数你的得分Paragraph FiveAcknowledge the other person and ask for input. Let the other person know you have some understanding of what he’s going through. For example: “I know you’re working on several important projects. Tell me what’s on your plate. Then we’ll need to set priorities and upgrade the importance of this project.”Listen and let go. Once you’ve engaged in this first step, you can be more objective and can let go of any existing anger, hurt feelings, or questionable assumptions.第1题How to r___ one’s anger.【正确答案】 reduce【你的答案】修改分数本题分数2分你的得分Paragraph NineMost five?year?olds can express themselves fluently with a variety of words and can understand an even?larger variety of words used in conversations and stories. If children have been exposed, to books and heard stories read and told, they have begun to develop an?interest in what print says and how it is used to express ideas; a concept of story and story structure; and an understanding of the relationship between oral and written language.第1题 Cognitive and language d___in children.【正确答案】 development【你的答案】修改分数本题分数2分你的得分Paragraph SixSeveral research studies have shown that poor children in high?quality infant and preschool care show better school achievement and social behavior in later years than similar children who were not in child care or who were in low quality child care.第1题 The b___ of caring poor children.【正确答案】 benefits【你的答案】本题分数2分修改分数你的得分Paragraph FourNew simulations of earthquakes on California’s active faults are providing considerable insight, showing that earthquakes tend to “cluster” in space and time due to their interactions: that is, an earthquake on one fault section can turn them on or off on nearby fault sections, depending on the relative orientation of the faults.第1题 Earthquake activity p___ determined by fault system geometry.【正确答案】 pattern【你的答案】修改分数本题分数2分你的得分Paragraph SixHis audience is surprised to hear that only 22 percent of eighth graders read for fun daily, while 65 percent watch three hours or more of television each day. Research also indicates that average reading proficiency drops when TV viewing reaches about three hours a day. Their parents’ habits are no better: a recent survey shows a decline in newspaper readership among U. S. adults.第1题 I___ of television to reading.【正确答案】 Influence【你的答案】修改分数本题分数2分你的得分Paragraph SixLest there be any doubt about the stakes involved, Trelease makes a bold claim. Reading, he says, is the single most important social factor in American life today. “The more you read, the smarter you grow. The longer you stay in school, the more money you earn. The more you earn, the better your children will do in school. So if you hook a child with reading, you influence not only his future but also that of the next generation.”第1题 P___ impact of reading.【正确答案】 Profound【你的答案】修改分数本题分数2分你的得分In this section of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence. Spell out the missing letters of the word on the ANSWER SHEET. Paragraph OneGuns are far more lethal in several respects. A 14?year?old armed with a gun is far more menacing than a 44?year?old with a gun. Although juveniles may be untrained in using firearms, they are more willing to pull the trigger over trivial matters—a leather jacket, a pair of sneakers, a challenging remark, or no reason at all—without fully considering the consequences. Also, the gun psychologically distances the offender from the victim; if the same youngster had to kill his or her victim (almost always someone known) with hands, he or she might be deterred by the physical contact.第1题 The d___ of guns in juvenile hands.【正确答案】 danger【你的答案】本题分数2分修改分数你的得分Paragraph TwoI’m not opposed to punishment (except capital punishment). However, we cannot deal effectively with teen violence through the threat of the criminal justice system. The threat of punishment, no matter how harsh, cannot deter kids who face the threat of violence every day in their classrooms and their neighborhoods. As far as they are concerned, the criminal justice system can just take a number and wait its turn in line. Oft en these are juveniles who care little about the future, who don’t expect to live past their 21st birthday. The prospect of a long?term prison sentence or even the death penalty will not dissuade them in the least.第1题 The f___ of the threat of the criminal justice system.【正确答案】 failure【你的答案】修改分数本题分数2分你的得分Paragraph NineWatching just one hour of television a day can make a person more violent towards others, according to a 25?year study. In some circumstances, TV watching increases the risk of violence by five times. The new research indicates the effect is seen not just in children, as has been suggested before, but in adults as well.第1题 L___ of TV viewing to adult violence.【正确答案】 Link【你的答案】四、Translation. (20 points, 4 points for each)Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and then translate these sentences into ChineIn the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage first and then translate these sentences into Chinese. Write the Chinese version on the ANSWER SHEET. Low Self?Esteem One of the most problematic areas of a relationship is low self?esteem and its effects can be devastating. This is a problem that affects most people at some stage in their life but if it is not dealt with, it can destroy a relationship or at least make it impossible to get involved in one. The problem with low self?esteem is that it does not just affect the person who is insecure. (46) It also affects anyone they are in contact with, be it family, friends or co?workers. If you or someone you know suffers from low self?esteem, this article looks at a few of the possible causes of the problem and gives a few helpful solutions.Common ExamplesWeight/Body Shape: Feel overweight or have the wrong body shape.General Insecurity: Feel inadequate or unable to be assertive.Race or Religion: Insecure about race, color or religious background.Station in Life: Not earning enough, not getting promoted, out of work and lost job.Causes of Low Self?EsteemPast Failures: The effects of failure can be very harsh to deal with, especially when accompanied by “I told you so’s.” Once you have tried and failed at something, your confidence takes a jolt and you are weary of trying new things in the future.Wrong Doings: (47) Committing harmful acts against others is a major cause of low self?esteem. How can you feel good about yourself when you continually do things to hurt other people?Invalidation: Invalidation from other people can be devastating, especially if it comes from an authority figure or someone you look up to. Usually the person makes a few remarks or comments that hurt so much that they cause a change in how you view yourself. This can happen at any time in a person’s life and in any area.(48) Let’s say, for example, that you are feeling good about your body and enjoying life until, one day, you overhear someone say that you are gaining weight. From that moment on, you start to think twice before eating something, or drinking something. You wonder if they are right, so you go check yourself in a mirror or on a scale. You start listening to what other people are saying and wonder if they, too, are talking about you. You start trying to control what you eat and then scold yourself when you slip up. You see what has happened. You end up in a dwindling spiral of self?invalidation!Solutions to Low Self?EsteemIf You Have Low Self?Esteem(49) The first thing to do is to handle your immediate environment. Usually you will find that you have neglected your friends, your body and your environment. Clean up your apartment, do the laundry, dishes or anything else you have neglected. Get done anything you have been “meaning to do”. This also includes making sure you get enough sleep and eat properly etc.Get Re?acquaintedCatch up on some friends that you have neglected and/or re?acquaint yourself with your sweetheart. If you do have a partner, use some of the romantic ideas on this site. This step will really help you to understand that you do have people around you that care about you.Get Some Exercise(50) One of the best ways to accomplish this is to make sure you take a walk every day. While walking, try to just look at the environment around you and not worry or think about things.第1题 (46) It also affects anyone they are in contact with, be it family, friends or co?workers.【正确答案】自尊心不强也会影响和他们接触的任何人，不论是家人、朋友还是同事。