自考00596英语阅读(二)自考模拟试题(一)

2012年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语阅读(二)试题课程代码：00596考生答题注意事项：1.本卷所有试卷必须在答题卡上作答。

答在试卷和草稿纸上的无效。

2.第一部分为选择题。

必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。

3.第二部分为非选择题。

必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫米黑色字迹笔作答。

4.合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。

I. Reading Comprehension (50 points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then blacken the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneFrom time to time, we need an expert. In such situations, the Internet has been like a gift from the gods. In the old days, authorities were near at hand for expert advice: the village seamstress on how to make a buttonhole, the blacksmith on how to take care of a horse’s ho oves, or the apothecary on what to do about warts. On the Internet, advice and answer sites are popping up all over the place, with self-proclaimed experts at the ready. claims to have “tens of thousands of experts who can help you,”while the more restrained , owned by The New York Times, limits its pitch to “Ask Anything! Real People. Real Answers.”It’s said that expert sites or knowledge networks represent the latest stage in the Intern et’s evolution, a“democratization of expertise.” However, if your question is about something other than “Who invented the light bulb?”, the answers are likely to be a wil d potpourri of personal opinions.Top colleges and universities are rushing into online education, but the big news is the proliferation of a new breed of for-profit online institutions bringing Internet education to the masses.“The Internet will probably be the single most democratizing force in education,”says Columbia Business School Dean Meyer Feldberg, who envisions educational programs being routed through the net to hundreds of millions of people.The largest online institution is the University of Phoenix, with some 6,000 students today and hopes of reaching 200,000 students in 10 years. The university offers bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees in business management, technology, education, and nursing. The university notes that its degree programs cost far less and may take some students far less time to complete.On the other hand, a Business Week survey of 247 companies found that only a handful would consider hiring applicants who earned their MBA degrees online.Whether that will change as for-profit online universities improve their offerings and graduates prove their worth-is anyone’s guess.The rest of the world is moving into cyberspace more slowly than the United States, and, inthe developing world, the Internet has hardly penetrated at all. UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan is determined to change this through the United Nations Information Technology Service, which will train large numbers of people to tap into the income enhancing power of the Internet. Annan is also proposing an Internet health network that will provide state-of-the-art medical knowledge to 10,000 clinics and hospitals in poor countries.Questions l-5 are based on Passage One.1. From the passage we may assume that the author______.A. trusts old days experts more than online onesB. believes that most of the online experts are qualifiedC. trusts the intelligence of large amounts of experts onlineD. believes that online experts can answer people’s questions better2. From paragraph 2 we can infer that the author’s attitude towards experts online is_________.A. excitedB. neutralC. doubtfulD. indifferent3. Which of the following best describes the author’s opinion towards the future of online education?A. People have to wait and see.B. It is predictable in future development.C. It cannot thrive without good management.D. People believe that it is doomed from the start.4. The underlined phrase“state-of-the-art” in paragraph 6 means______.A. advanced and in large quantityB. very creative and artisticC. skillful and attractiveD. very modern5. Kofi Annan’s United Nations Information Technology Service aims at ______.A. improving UN staff’s computer skillB. promoting the use of the Internet over the worldC. providing medical knowledge to poor hospitalsD. promoting the use of the Internet in the United StatesPassage TwoNowadays there is a remarkable consensus among educators and business and policy leaders on one key conclusion: we need to bring what we teach and how we teach into the 21st century. Right now we’re aiming too low. C ompetency in reading and math —the focus of so much No Child Left Behind (NCLB) testing – is the meager minimum. Scientific and technical skills are, likewise: utterly necessary but insufficient. Today’s economy demands not only a high-level competence in the traditional academic disciplines but also what might be called 21st century skills. Here’s what t hey are:Knowing more about the world. Kids are global citizens now, even in small-town America, and they must learn to act that way. Mike Eskew, CEO of UPS, talks about needing workers who are“global trade literate, sensitive to foreign cultures, conversant in different languages” —not exactly strong points in the U.S., where fewer than half of high school students are enrolled in a foreign-language class and where the social-studies curriculum tends to fixate on U.S. history.Thinking outside the box. Jobs in the new economy —the ones that won’t get outsourced orautomated –“put an enormous premium on creative and innovative skills, seeing patterns whereother people see only chaos,” says Marc Tucker, an author of the skills-commission report and president of the National Center on Education and the Economy. Traditionally that’s been an American strength, but schools have become less daring in the back-to-basics climate of NCLB. Kids also must learn to think across disciplines, since that’s where most new breakthroughs are made. It’s interdisciplinary combinations —design and technology, mathematics and art –“that produce YouTube and Google,” sa ys Thomas Friedman, the best-selling author of The World Is Flat.Becoming smarter about new sources of information. In an age of overflowing information and proliferating media, kids need to rapidly process what’s coming at them and distinguish between wh at’s reliable and what isn’t. “It’s important that students know how to manage it, interpret it, validate it, and how to act on it,” says Dell executive Karen Bruett, who serves on the board of the Partnership for 21st Century Skills, a group of corporate and education leaders focused on upgrading American education.Developing good people skills. EQ, or emotional intelligence, is as important as IQ for success in today’s work place.‘‘Most innovations today involve large teams of people,” says former Lockh eed Martin CEO Norman Augustine. “We have to emphasize communication skills, the ability to work in teams and with people from different cul tures.”Questions 6-10 are based on Passage Two.6. The passage is mainly concerned with______.A. the No Child Left Behind program as a minimum requirementB. interdisciplinary combination for 21st century school educationC. the overall competence required of a student in the 21st centuryD. emotional intelligence as a means to career success in the 21st century7. If the workers are global trade literate, they should be______.A. global citizens even when they are kidsB. armed with foreign cultures and languagesC. living in big cities rather than in small townsD. good at doing business with peoples over the world8. It can be inferred from the passage that American kids used to be strong at______.A. making interdisciplinary combinationsB. social-studies courses and U.S. historyC. producing YouTube and GoogleD. creative and innovative thinking9. What should a student in an age of exploding information do with new sources of information?A. They should guard against the wrong information.B. They should be able to tell the difference between them.C. They should know how to interpret and organize them.D. They should be able to process them and identify the reliable ones.10. According to the passage, emotional intelligence involves______.A. teamwork, cooperation skills and communication skillsB. ability to deal with people from different backgroundsC. ability to make innovations as well as high intelligenceD. success in today’s workplace with people from many culturesPassage ThreeIt has been two decades since the fate of a bashful bird that most people had never seen came to symbolize the bitter divide over whether to save or saw down the ancient forests of the Pacific Northwest. Yet it was not until Thursday that the federal government offered its final plan to prevent the bird, the northern spotted owl, from going extinct.After repeated revisions, constant court fights and shifting science, the Fish and Wildlife Service presented a plan that addresses a range of threats to the owl, including some that few imagined when it was listed as a threatened species in 1990.The newer threats include climate change and the arrival of a formidable feathered competitor, the barred owl, in the soaring old-growth evergreens of Washington, Oregon and California where spotted owls nest and hunt.One experiment included in the plan: shooting hundreds of barred owls to see whether that helps spotted owls recover.Even after all these years since the spotted owl became the cause célèbre of the environmental movement, it is far from clear that the plan is a solution. Advocates on both sides say it will inevitably be challenged, and both sides have expressed frustration with the Obama administration on the issue.The spotted owl is declining by an average of 3 percent per year across its range. While some populations in Southern Oregon and Northern California are more stable, some of the steepest rates of decline are here in Washington. Some study areas in the Olympic and Cascade ranges show annual declines as high as 9 percent.The listing of the spotted owl as a threatened species led to a virtual ban on logging in many older federal forests, inspiring angry lawsuits and threats of violence by rural loggers against owl advocates, who often came from urban areas.“Nothing against the bird, but it’s wreaked a lot of havoc in the Pacific Northwest for the past 20 years,”said Ray Wilkeson, president of the Oregon Forest Industries Council, which represents loggers, sawmills and others in the industry. “A lot of human suffering has resulted from this. Now there’re n ew threats to the owl that may be beyond anybody’s ability to control.”Although the plan does not map critical habitat — the mapping process is more than a year away from completion, a fact that frustrates conservationists – it proposes expanding protections for owls beyond areas currently set aside. The existing areas were outlined by the Northwest Forest Plan, which was approved a year after President Clinton’s Timber Conference, revised under President George W. Bush to allow more logging and reinstated by the Obama administration.The American Forest Resource Council, a timber industry group, said the plan would impose “massive new restrictions on both federal and private lands.”But supporters say it will provide more wood for mills by increasing forest thinning andrestoration work to battle threats like disease and fire that could increase with climate change. The plan would provide timber companies incentives to create potential spotted owl habitat. Officials from the Forest Service and from the Bureau of Land Management, which oversee logging on federal land, expressed support for the plan.While timber advocates question protections for a bird that some say may be bound for extinction, conservationists say that it is too soon to give up on the spotted owl, and that the fight to save it has served broader benefits of the forest, from cleaner water and air to habitat for hundreds of other species, including endangered salmon.“The spotted owl is the icon,” Dr. Forsman said, “but th ere are a lot of other players in terms of species and protecting biodiversity in these forests.”Questions 11-15 are based on Passage Three.11. The purpose of the new government plan is to______.A. save Northern spotted owlB. save the Northwest forestC. list environmental threats to the Northern spotted owlD. list the Northern spotted owl as a threatened species12. Which (from Paras. 3, 4) of the following is NOT true?A. The number of barred owls grows fast.B. The spotted owl is hunted in the forest.C. The number of spotted owls is in decline.D. The barred owl is a newcomer to the forest.13. Who doubt about the plan?A. Only timber advocates.B. Only owl advocates.C. Advocates from both urban and rural areas.D. Both owl advocates and timber advocates.14. Conservationists feel frustrated because______.A. the new mapping of habitat in the protection for owls is slow to completeB. the new mapping of habitat for owls will extend beyond presently set areasC. the revised Northwest Forest Plan under President Obama is maintainedD. President Bush revised Northwest Forest Plan and allowed more logging15. Dr. Forsman wanted to express in the last paragraph that_______.A. the spotted owl is a rare speciesB. there are a lot of other players in the forestC. the spotted owl needs protectionD. some other species are equally importantPassage FourIf you’ve ever been pranked on April Fools’ Day, you may wonder how this tradition started. Well, you’re not alone.No one knows for sure how April Fools’ Day began. But the most likely explanation has to do with the calendar.No, that’s not an April Fools’ Day joke. People used to celebrate New Year’s Day on April lst. Just like today, people would have big parties to celebrate. Over time, the calendar changed and so did the date for New Year’s. In the 1500s, the new calendar marked New Year’s Day as January lst. But because there was no Internet or other means to spread the word, the news traveled slowly byword of mouth. It took a while for everyone to hear about the change, and even then some people resisted it. They continued to celebrate New Year’s on April lst. These people were given the nickname“April fools”.People following; the new calendar played tricks on the “April fools” by sending them on“fool’s errands”. They had the“April fools” deliver invitations to big New Year’s celebrations that weren’t really going to happen. In France, “April fools” were called“Poisson d’Avril”, which is French for “April Fish”. This began because people thought fish were easy to catch since they could be fooled into taking the bait on a hook. Children would tag a paper fish on a person’s back to mark them as an “April Fish”. When the person discovered the fish, the prankste r would yell “Poisson d’Avril”.Not everyone is convinced that this is actually how the tradition of April Fools’Day began. People have tried to pinpoint the exact date of the first April Fools’ Day, but this only led to more pranks. A professor from Boston University pranked a reporter by making up a story about a court jester who said he could run the empire better than the king. The jester was made king for a day on April lst. This turned out to be a big April Fools’ Day trick because the reporter t hought the story was real.Even though we aren’t sure how this tradition began, people still celebrate April Fools’ Day by playing tricks on each other. So the next time you prank someone and yell “April Fools!” remember that the day may actually be about the people who didn’t want to change their traditions when the new calendar was adopted. Or maybe it’s just a day to celebrate the joker in all of us. Questions 16-20 are based on Passage Four16. If you prank somebody, it means you______.A. play card with that personB. win a trick over that personC. play a trick on that personD. know a trick of that person17. In the 1500s, who were given the nickname “April fools”?A. People who were not smart enough.B. People who didn’t know when April Fools’ Day was.C. People who celebrated New Year’s Day on January lst.D. People who refused to recognize New Year’s Day as January lst.18. On April lst, children in France used to______.A. place paper fish on other people’s backsB. wear paper fish on their backsC. buy a new calendarD. go boat fishing19. What does the underlined word errand mean in paragraph 3?A. A small gift sent to somebody.B. A short trip to get something done.C. A brief trip to send invitation cards.D. A short message sent to somebody.20. What is the author’s purpose for writing this article?A. To tell readers how April Fools’ Day is celebrated.B. To remind readers that April Fools’ Day is coming up.C. To teach readers about the history of April Fools’ Day.D. To persuade readers into celebrating April Fools’ Day.Passage FiveYou may a ready know that hurricanes are major tropical storms that can cause devastating waves, wind, and rain. They happen during “Hurricane Season”, which is from June lst until November 30th in the Atlantic Ocean and from May 15th until November 30th in the Pacific Ocean.A storm progresses through four different stages before it is actually considered a hurricane. First is a tropical disturbance, which has thunderstorms and rotating winds, or what scientists call cyclonic circulation. Next is a tropical depression, which is similar to a tropical disturbance, but has winds between 23 and 39 miles per hour. A tropical storm is the next level, which has stronger wind speeds between 40 and 73 miles per hour. Once winds reach 74 miles per hour, the storm is officially classified as a hurricane. The winds pick up energy from the warm surface ocean water.As a hurricane crosses over land, it begins to dissipate, or break apart and reduce in strength. This is because it is no longer over the warm ocean water that it needs for energy. At this point, a hurricane can still cause a lot of damage because of high winds, rain, and flooding, but unless it makes its way back over the open ocean, it is downgraded from a hurricane back to a tropical storm.The center of a hurricane is called the eye. While most of a hurricane contains dangerously strong winds, the eye is actually a calm area in the storm. When the eye of a hurricane passes over land, people might think that it’s over, but before long the wind and rain increase again as the second part of the hurricane moves through.Can you imagine flying a plane through a hurricane? If you’re a hurricane hunter, it’s your job! Hurricane Hunters fly airplanes on weather missions to help the National Hurricane Center make predictions about hurricanes. Pilots determine how fast the winds are blowing, how big the hurricane is, and which direction it’s moving. This helps people to be better prepared for hurricanes as they approach shore.Hurricanes can leave behind lots of destruction. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina ripped through Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi and Texas. This was the sixth windiest hurricane on record, and it was one of the deadliest hurricanes in history. It took l,833 lives and caused over 76 billion dollars in damages.Many people are surprised to learn that Katrina’s wind didn’t cause most of the damage. The wind had caused levees in New Orleans to break. When the levees broke, water from the Gulf of Mexico rushed into the low-lying land. Over 80% of the city of New Orleans was buried inflood water.Questions 21-25 are based on Passage Five.21. Which sequence of storm stages is in the correct order?A. Tropical depression, tropical disturbance, tropical storm, hurricane.B. Hurricane, tropical storm tropical depression, tropical disturbance.C. Hurricane, tropical depression, tropical storm, tropical disturbance.D. Tropical disturbance, tropical depression, tropical storm, hurricane.22. What would you observe if you were in the eye of a hurricane?A. Very heavy rain.B. Very little wind.C. Strong and spinning winds.D. Strong winds and heavy rain. .23. What happens when a hurricane crosses over land?A. It breaks apart and forms tornadoes.B. It gathers more vapor from land.C. It moves more quickly.D. It loses strength.24. What does a hurricane hunter do?A. Fly airplanes through hurricanes.B. Help people find a safe place to stay.C. Issue warnings to notify people of danger.D. Use computers to predict the paths of hurricanes.25. What caused the most destruction during Hurricane Katrina in 2005?A. Houses being blown away.B. Floods due to breaking levees.C. Heavy rain due to Hurricane Katrina.D. People going outdoors during the storm.非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

英语（二）模拟试卷（课程代码：00015）Array一、阅读判断（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10提供的是正确信息，选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B：如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the fact of friendship for granted, we often don't clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only very few- for example; the average among students is about 6per person. Moreover, a great many relationships come under the blanket ter "friendship". In all cases, two people like each other and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their mutual interest vary enormously. Initially, much depends on how people meet, and on favorable first impressions. As we get to know people, we take into account things like age, race, physical attractiveness economic and social status, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to relate to people when there is a marked difference in age and background. On a more immediate level, we are sensitive to actual behavior, facial expression, and tone of voice.Friends will stand closer together and will spend more time looking at each other than mere acquaintances. Smiles and soft voices also express friendliness, and it is because they may transmit the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty in making friends. A friendly gaze with the wrong facial expression can turn into an aggressive stare, and nervousness may be misread as hostility. People who do not look one in the eye are mistrusted when, in fact, they simply lack confidence. Some relationships thrive on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and interests in common- they often talk about "being on the same wavelength". It generally takes time to reach this point; sometimes people "click" immediately. The more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to let them down. Equally, friends have to learn to make allowances for each other, to put up with irritating habits, and to tolerate differences of opinion. Imagine going camping with someone you occasionally meet for a drink! In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies, no rituals to strengthen the association between two people. But the mutual support and understanding that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome differences in background, and break down barriers of age, class or race.1 The average student has about six friends AA. TrueB. FalseC. Not given2 Two people can be considered friends so long as they care for each other and like being together. AA. TrueB. False ?C. Not given3 We often don't clearly understand how we make friends. AA. TrueB. FalseC. Not given4 Shy people tend to misinterpret other people's facial expressions. CA. True ?B. FalseC. Not given5 People want to do friends favors and hate to let them down.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not given6 The degree of intimacy between friends is largely determined by their social status. BA. TrueB. FalseC. Not given7 There are apparently no bonds between friends as there are between husband and wife. BA. TrueB. FalseC. Not given8 Some relationships thrive on argument and discussion. AA. TrueB. FalseC. Not given9 In all cases, close friends have similar beliefs and interests. BA. True ?B. FalseC. Not given10 Favorable first impressions count for a lot in making friends. AA. TrueB. FalseC. Not given二、阅读选择（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A 、B 、C 、D ）中选出一个最佳选项。

2002年下半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语阅读（二）(1) 各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢英语阅读（二）（课程代号：0596）全部题目用英文作答(英译汉题除外)，并将答案写在答题纸相应位置上，否则不计分。

part oneⅰ.directions: match the words in column a with their definitions in column b. write the letter of the answer to each word in column a on your answer sheet.(10 points,1 point for each)a ba. the act of sending outb. the act of using force to compel people to do somethingc. the quality of being a new type ordifferent from others of the same typed. the state of being short ofe. kind; having the desire to do goodf. a pause or a stopg. subtle difference in meaning, color, feelingh. careful and thorough examination; close study or looki. to form opinions without having definite or complete knowledgej. to express sorrow forⅱ.directions: read each of the following sentences carefully, and choose a, b, c or d that has the closest meaning to the underlined word or phrase. write the corresponding letter of the answer on your answer sheet.(10 points,1 point for each) ,despite all of the problems that exist, most americans prefer the economic system over any other, as the results of poll after poll indicate.riotplace where voting takes placesurvey of public opinions economic crisiswhich used it had to be built on the banks of fast flowing streams, but these were often located in inaccessible, thinly populated areas, which made transportation of goods difficult.unable to reach remote near localrange from intangibles-something in the air, the international zeitgeist-to specifics such as important designers’ collections, exhibitions or popular films.great contributionssomething valuablesomething that can not be touched or feltsomething in one’s dreams.have almost exterminated many of the larger animals like the bighorn sheep and the grizzly bear.wounded diminisheddestroyed completely captured completelyis particularly significant, since in the past has been a robust defender of the nuclear industry.moral victoriousnotorious vigorous,he said, was a convicted traitor. he had sent people to their death who were acting on behalf of britain’s interests and he was making a profit out of itdeterminedfierceinfamouswho has been tried in court and found guiltyconsumption of meat, increased use of new high protein food made from soybeans, and development of ocean resources for food are some alternativesthat must be considered.substitutes choicesnew types latest creationscosmic Vista, seen in a photo released by the national aeronautics and space administration (nasa) two weeks ago, is the latest in a series of stunning images captured from the ends of the universe by the hubble space telescope.各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢。

2005年4月自考全国统考综合英语(二)模拟试题1I. 语法、词汇。

用适当的词填空。

从A、B、C、D四个玄想中，选出一个正确答案，并在答题纸上写上所选答案的字母。

（本大题共25小题，没小题1分。

共25分。

）Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. (25 points.)1. All things------, he is the best person we can find for the job.A. consideringB. being consideredC. having consideredD. considered2. The poor woman asked the lawyer what---- his judgmenton.A. did he baseB. he basedC. had he basedD. he had based3. You----be too careful when you use a knife (to cut things).A. shouldn’tB. can’tC. won’tD. oughtn’t4. We will go on with the project-----difficulties we may meet with.A. howeverB. wheneverC. whateverD. wherever5. It is essential that a student complete the assignments----required.A. thanB. asC. likeD. thus6. He-----unwisely, but he was at last trying to do something helpful.A. should actB. would actC. may have actedD. must have acted7. -----six days later, the boy was more dead than alive.A. RescuedB. RescuingC. Having been rescuedD. Having rescued8. None of their new products have sold well, ----?A. haven’t theyB. have theyC. hasn’t itD. Has it9. Students should not be easily contented with the facts offered in textbooks, as many things in the world are----a matter of attitude and perception------the simple memorization of facts.A. either, orB. neither, notC. more, thanD. both, and10. In the area, AIDS is----disease that the very mention of it strikes terror into the population.A. so dreadful aB. such dreadfulC. a so dreadfulD. a such dreadful11. -----his insistence, I would have given it up long ago.A. DespiteB. But forC. ExceptD. With12. The fact----he works hard does not necessarily mean that he can be a competent leader.A. whichB. whatC. whyD. that13. It is vital that enough money----- to fund the project.A. be collectedB. must be collectedC. is collectedD. was collected14. In my opinion, hard work is the most important factor that-----to one’s success.A. resultsB. affectsC. contributesD. interferes15. In the past few years, the award was given to male writers. But this year the ---went to a woman writer.A. publicityB. distinctionC. fameD. celebrity16. Betty’s remarks----the General in his belief that she was telling the truth.A. affirmedB. informedC. reformedD. confirmed17. I hope you will come------a better solution tomorrow.A. up withB. down withC. intoD. around18. Around noon it---on him that he had never had breakfast.A. occurredB. fellC. dawnedD. came19. When he returned to the city ten years later, he found that it had changed-------.A.. beyond measureB. without imaginationC. out of reachD. in sight20. Do you think there is a period in one’s life when one is particularly----sickness, accident or disasters of other kinds?A. sensitive toB. available forC. vulnerable toD. ready for21. In a foreign country, if you want to make friends, you have to-----the language barriers first.A. keep offB. turn forC. break downD. come upon22. If this proposed sanction should be really brought into action, some problems are sure to------.A. ariseB. riseC. arouseD. raise23. True friends do not abandon each other------of danger.A. at all timesB. at one timeC. in no timeD. in times24. If this is the case, how is he-----in blaming her?A. qualifiedB. justifiedC. capableD. competent25. Drivers are-----to a speed of 80 kilometers in the highway.A. restrainedB. refrainedC. restrictedD. refinedII.完形填空。

2023年自考专业(英语)《英语阅读（二）》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】It _______ me three years to draw the beautiful horses.A.tookB.paidC.spentD.cost2.【单选题】It is important to ________ your skin from the harmful strong sunlight.A.protectB.preventC.stopD.keep3.【单选题】Decision on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is.A.putting outB.turning outC.working outD.running out4.【单选题】He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag.A.toB.forC.onD.at5.【单选题】The sad condition of women working as house servants around the worldreceived much media_____early this year.A.importanceB.attentionC.significanceD.popularity6.【单选题】The central theatre has a seating ________ of more than 3, 000 people.A.capabilityB.capacityC.abilityD.facility7.【单选题】Please remind me _______ her this note.A. leaveB.to leaveC.leavingD.left8.【单选题】She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes。

全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(二)试题课程代码：00596请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上，全部题目用英文作答(翻译题除外)I. Reading Comprehension (50 points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose tile best answer and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneYoung girls and women need to be protected from inducements to smoke. Tobacco is a multinational, multi-billion dollar industry. It is also an industry under threat; one quarter of its customers, in the long-term, have been killed by using its product and smoking is declining in many industrialized countries. To maintain profits, tobacco companies need to ensure that at least 2.7 million new smokers, usually young people, start smoking every year. Women have been clearly identified as a key target group for tobacco advertising in both the industrialized and developing worlds. Billions of US dollars each year are spent on promoting this lethal product specifically to women.This strategy has been highlighted by several tobacco journals which have carried articles on "targeting the female smokers" and suggesting that retailers should “look to the ladies”. Among 20 US magazines that received the most cigarette advertising revenue in 1985, eight were women's magazines. In the same year, a study on the cigarette advertising policies of 53 British women's magazines showed that 64 percent of the magazines accepted cigarette advertising, which represented an average of seven percent of total advertising revenue.Research in industrialized countries has shown the subtle method used to encourage girls to smoke. The impact of such method is likely to be even greater in developing countries, where young people are generally less knowledgeable about smoking hazards and may be more attracted by glamorous, affluent, desirable images of the female smoker. This is why World Health Organization (WHO), together with other national and international health agencies, has repeatedly called for national legislation banning all forms of tobacco promotion, and for an appropriate "high price" policy which would slow down the “enthusiasm” of young women for tobacco consumption.Young girls and women have a right to be informed about the damage that smoking can do to their health. They also need to acquire skills to resist pressure to start smoking or to give it up. Several countries have developed integrated school health education programs which have successfully reduced girls' smoking rates, but this education should not be restricted to what happens in school. There are many other examples of effective cessation programs in the workplace and primary health centers. Unfortunately, many women do not have the opportunity to be involved in such programs, and programs have generally been less successful with women than with men.In order for women to become, and remain, non-smokers they need support. Environments need to be created which enable them to break free of this health damaging behavior, to make the healthy choices the best choices.Questions 1-5 are based on Passage One.1. In paragraph one, why does the author say that the tobacco industry is under threat?A. There are fewer smokers in the industrialized world.B. The government is exerting stricter regulations.C. Anti-smoking campaigns are on the rise.D. It is constantly being sued.2. According to the passage, in order to guarantee profit, the tobacco industry needs to ______.A. use their advertising money more wiselyB. enrich its varieties to attract people of all agesC. counteract the influence of anti-smoking campaignsD. get millions more people to take up smoking every year3. “This strategy” in paragraph two refers to ______.A. producing cigarettes appealing to womenB. promoting tobacco specially to womenC. inviting celebrities to endorse cigarettesD. advertising mainly in best-selling women's magazines4. What can we learn about young people in developing countries?A. They can hardly afford cigarettes.B. They read many cigarette advertisements.C. They seldom smoke imported cigarettes.D. They are less informed of smoking hazards.5. Which of the following is true of the cessation programs mentioned in paragraph four?A. They have reached their goals sooner than planned.B. They have operated more successfully on campus.C. They have produced better results with male smokers.D. They have gained greater popularity in developing countries.Passage TwoAny discussion of English conversation, like any English conversation, must begin with The Weather. And in this spirit of observing traditional protocol, I shall quote Dr Johnson's famous comment that "When two English meet, their first talk is of the weather", and point out that this observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago.This, however, is the point at which most commentators either stop, or try, and fail, to come up with a convincing explanation for the English “obsession” with the weather. They fail because their premise is mistaken: they assume that our conversations about the weather are conversations about the weather. In other words, they assume that we talk about the weather because we have a keen interest in the subject. Most of them then try to figure out what it is about the English weather that is so fascinating.Bill Bryson, for example, concludes that the English weather is not at all fascinating, and presumably that ou r obsession with it is therefore inexplicable: “To an outsider, the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it. All those phenomena that elsewhere give nature an edge of excitement, unpredictability and danger - tornados, monsoons, hailstorms –are almost wholly unknown in the British Isles.”Jeremy Paxman takes offence at Bryson's dismissive comments and argues that the English weather is intrinsically fascinating:Bryson misses the point. The interest is less in the phenomenathemselves, but in uncertainty… one of the few things you can say aboutEngland with absolute certainty is that it has a lot of weather. It may notinclude tropical cyclones but life at the edge of an ocean and the edge ofa continent means you can never be entirely sure what you're going to get.My research has convinced me that both Bryson and Paxman are missing the point, which is that our conversations about the weather are not really about the weather at all: English weather-speak is a form of code, evolved to help us overcome our natural reserve and actually talk to each other. Everyone knows, for example, that “Nice day, isn't it?”, “Ooh, isn't it cold?”; and other variations on the theme are not requests for meteorological data: they are ritual greetings or conversation-starters. In other words, English weather-speak is a form of “grooming talk” - the human equivalent of what is known as “social grooming” among our primat e cousins, where they spend hours grooming each other's fur, even when they are perfectly clean, as a means of social bonding.Questions 6-10 are based on Passage Two.6. According to the author, most commentators' explanations for the English love for weather talk are ______.A. misleadingB. incorrectC. absurdD. biased7. As is stated in the passage, most commentators try to find out ______.A. why the English weather is so uniqueB. whether the English enjoy their weatherC. why the English are keen on the topic of weatherD. whether the English really talk about weather when they do so8. In Bill Bryson's opinion, the English obsession with their weather is ______.A. interestingB. unjustifiedC. exaggeratedD. understandable9. Disapproving of Bill Bryson's opinion, Jeremy Paxman argues that ______.A. the English talk about their weather because it is unpredictableB. the English don't talk about weather as often as the outsiders thinkC. the English weather can be as exciting as anywhere else'sD. the English weather talk is merely a form of small talk10. According to the author, English weather-speak is similar to primates' social grooming in that they are both ______.A. ways of greetingB. means of social bondingC. fascinating topics for anthropologistsD. inexplicable phenomena to outsidersPassage ThreeAdd CO2 to the atmosphere, and the climate will get warmer - that much is well established. But climate change and carbon aren't in a one-to-one relationship. If they were, climate modeling would be a cinch. How much the globe will warm if we put a certain amount of CO2 into the air depends on the sensitivity of the climate. How vulnerable is the polar sea ice; how rapidly might the Amazon dry up; how fast could the Greenland ice cap disintegrate? That’s why models like those from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change spit out a range of predictions for future warming, rather than a single neat number.One of the biggest questions in climate sensitivity has been the role of low-level cloud cover. Low-altitude clouds reflect some of the sun's radiation back into the atmosphere, cooling the earth. It's not yet known whether global warming will dissipate clouds, which would effectively speed up the process of climate change, or increase cloud cover, which would slow it down.But a new study published in the July 24 issue of Science is clearing the haze. A group of researchers from the University of Miami studied cloud data of the northeast Pacific Ocean over the past 50 years and combined that with climate models. They found that low-level clouds tend to dissipate as the ocean warms - which means a warmer world could well have less cloud cover. “That would create positive feedback, a reinforcing cycle that continues to warm the climate,” says Amy Clement, the leading author of the Science study.The data showed that as the Pacific Ocean has warmed over the past several decades - part of the gradual process of global warming-low-level cloud cover has lessened. That might be due to the fact that as the earth's surface warms, the atmosphere becomes more unstable and draws up water vapor from low altitudes to form deep clouds high in the sky. (Those types of high - altitude clouds don’t have the same cooling effect.) The Science study also found that as the oceans warmed, the trade winds - the easterly surface winds that blow near the equator - weakened, which further dissipated the low clouds. The question now is whether this process will continue in the future, as the world keeps warming.Questions 11-15 are based on Passage Three.11. We can learn from paragraph one that climate models ______.A. can only give a broad picture instead of detailed dataB. become easier to establish with current technologyC. leave much for improvement in terms of accuracyD. fail to predict some climate changes12. What is true of low-level cloud cover according to the passage?A. It is rather sensitive to temperature changes.B. It has a cooling effect on the earth surface.C. It functions more effectively in warmer areas.D. It is more often than not neglected in climate modeling.13. The word “haze” in paragraph three is closest in meaning to ______.A. mistB. puzzleC. solutionD. misunderstanding14. “Positive feedback” in paragraph three refers to ______.A. predictable climate patterns relating to calculable cloud volumeB. the thickening cloud cover, cooling down the earth surfaceC. the reinforcing effect of cooler cloud temperature on regional climateD. a warmer climate resulting in less cloud cover, which in turn warms the climate15. The lessening of low-level cloud cover over the Pacific Ocean may be caused by ______.A. more trade winds in this regionB. the climate change around the equatorC. less water vapor at low altitudeD. the unstable air pressure over the oceanPassage FourOn a hot summer's day many years ago, I was on my way to pick up two items at thesupermarket. I was then a frequent visitor to it because there never seemed to be enough money for a whole week's food-shopping at once.My wife, after a tragic battle with cancer, had died just a few months earlier. There was no insurance -just many expenses and a mountain of bills. I held a part-time job, which barely generated enough money to feed my two young children. Things were really bad.And so, with a heavy heart and four dollars in my pocket, I was on my way to the supermarket to purchase a gallon of milk and a loaf of bread. The children were hungry and I had to get them something to eat. As I came to a red traffic light, I noticed on my right a young couple and a child on the grass next to the road. The noonday sun beat down on them without mercy.The man held up a sign which read, “Will Work for Food.” The woman stood next to him, staring at the cars stopped at the red light. The child sat on the grass holding a one-armed doll. I noticed all this before the light changed to green.I wanted so desperately to give them a few dollars, but if I did that, there wouldn’t be enough left to buy the food for my kids. Four dollars will only go so far. As the light changed, I took one last glance at them and sped off feeling both guilty and sad.As I kept driving, I couldn't get the picture of them out of my mind. The sad, haunting eyes of the young couple stayed with me for about a mile. I could take it no longer. I felt their pain and had to do something about it. I turned around and drove back to where I had last seen them.I pulled up close to them and handed the man two of my four dollars. There were tears in his eyes as he thanked me. I smiled and drove on to the supermarket. Perhaps both milk and bread would be on sale, I thought. And what if I only got milk alone, or just the bread? Well, it would have to do.Questions 16-20 are based on Passage Four.16. What can we learn from the passage?A. The author went to the supermarket once a week.B. The author went to the supermarket several times a week.C. The author knew that milk and bread are the kids' favorite food.D. The author would buy a whole week's food every time he went shopping.17. Why did the young man stand under the burning sun at noon?A. He wanted to stop the cars for food.B. He wanted to beg for money.C. He wanted to find an odd job.D. He wanted to take a ride.18. The “one-armed doll” in paragraph four is most probably meant to indicate that ______.A. the child had a loving and caring heartB. the doll had accompanied the child for yearsC. the child was violent and mean to the dollD. the family was too poor to afford a presentable toy19. Why did the author decide to give the couple two dollars?A. He just couldn't ignore their pains and sufferings.B. He knew they would thank him for being so kind.C. He believed they needed the money as much as he did.D. He learned that both milk and bread were on sale that day.20. Which of the following can best describe the author?A. He was poor but sympathetic.B. He was jobless and penniless.C. He was mean and merciless.D. He was down but not out.Passage FiveModern humans emerged some 250,000 years ago, yet agriculture is a fairly recent invention, only about 10,000 years old. Many crop plants are rather new additions to our diet: broccoli (a flowering mutant of kale) is thought to be only 500 years old. Most innovation is far more recent still. Although Austrian monk Gregor Mendel's pea plant experiments quietly laid the basic foundations of genetics in the mid-19th century, his work was rediscovered and applied to crop breeding only at the beginning of the 20th century.Further advances have steadily accumulated. The 1940s saw the identification of DNA as genetic material and the adoption, by commercial breeders, of genetic modification - typically by applying chemicals or radiation to DNA to try to make plants with advantageous characteristics. The modifications ultimately led to the green revolution of the 1960s and 1970s, during which time global wheat yields tripled. The 1980s and 1990s saw the commercial adoption of agricultural biotechnology, which has allowed breeders to introduce specific genes into crops from the same or different species. In 2004 the first plant genome was fully sequenced, and since then the number of plant gene sequences in GenBank, the public repository for gene sequence information, has been doubling every two years. Our knowledge is increasing exponentially, as it has been in other fields such as semiconductors and cellular telephony.Our challenge is to increase agricultural yields while decreasing the use of fertilizer, water, fossil fuels and other negative environmental inputs. Embracing human ingenuity and innovation seems the most likely path. Plants did not evolve to serve humans, and their sets of genes are incomplete for our purposes. The integral role of modifying genes is obvious to all breeders, though sometimes painfully absent from the public's understanding of how modern agriculture succeeds. All breeding techniques, from before Mendel's time until today, exploit modifications to plant DNA. These modifications can take the form of mistakes or mutations that occur during natural cell division in the wild; the natural but random movement of DNA sequences from one part of a plant's genome to another; or the more precise insertion of known gene sequences using biotechnology. In all these cases, plant genes are moved within or across species, creating novel combinations. Hybrid genetics - the combination of different versions of the same gene –has resulted in spectacular yield increases. Largely as the consequence of using hybrid seed varieties, corn yields in the U.S. have increased more than 500 percent in the past 70 years.Questions 21-25 are based on Passage Five.21. Which statement is correct according to paragraph one?A. Broccoli was first bred by Mendel.B. Broccoli wasn’t considered edible until 500 years ago.C. Mendel's work was considered most important in the history of genetics.D. Mendel’s study found its major application some 100 years ago.22. What was cited as a result of the green revolution?A. Sharp rise in worldwide wheat production.B. Extensive use of organic fertilizer.C. Large-scale adoption of genetic modification.D. Commercial success of genetically modified seeds.23. Which statement is true of GenBank according to the passage?A. The number of gene sequences has doubled since its foundation.B. The commercial breeders are its main sponsors.C. It is a genetic sequence database.D. It was founded in 2004.24. It can be learned from the passage that the significance of genetic modification is ______.A. questioned by some criticsB. poorly conveyed to the publicC. appreciated by all breedersD. fully understood only by scientists25. The word “novel” in paragraph three is closest in meaning to ______.A. artificialB. variousC. hybridD. newII. V ocabulary (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each word definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write the word you choose on the Answer Sheet.The number of violent teens has grown in recent years, even as the population of teenagers has contracted. But the teen population has bottomed out and is now on the upswing. If current rates of offending remain unchanged, the number of teens who commit murder and other serious violent crimes shall increase, if only because of the demographic turnaround in the population at risk. However, given the worsening conditions in which children are being raised, given the breakdown of all our institutions as well as of our cultural norms, given our wholesale disinvestment in youth, our nation faces the grim prospect of a future wave of juvenile violence that may make the coming years look like “the good old days”.The hopeful news is that there is still time to stem the tide - to prevent the next wave of youth crime. But we must act now - by reinvesting in schools, recreation, job training, support for families, and mentoring. We must act now while this baby-boomerang generation is still young and impressionable, and will be impressed with what a teacher, a preacher, or some other authority figures has to say. If we wait until these children reach their teenage years and the next crime wave is upon us, it may be too late to do much about it.The challenge for the future, therefore, is how best to deal with youth violence. Unfortunately, we are obsessed with quick and easy solutions that will not work, such as the wholesale transfer of juveniles to the jurisdiction of the adult court, parental responsibility laws, midnight curfews, the V-chip, boot camps, three strikes, even caning and capital punishment, at the expense of long-term and difficult solutions that will work, such as providing young children with strong, positive role models, quality schools, and recreation programs.26. reduced in size (Para. 1)27. increase (Para. 1)28. the failure of a system (Para. 1)29. unpleasant and depressing (Para. 1)30. prevent something from spreading or developing (Para. 2)31. easily influenced (Para. 2)32. act or operate effectively (Para. 3)33. regulation requiring a person to be home at a certain prescribed time (Para. 3)34. involving the loss of life (Para. 3)35. activity people do for pleasure (Para. 3)III. Summarization (20 points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraphs is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.Paragraph OneDesertification, drought, and despair - that's what global warming has in store for much of Africa. Or so we hear. Emerging evidence is painting a very different scenario, one in which rising temperatures could benefit millions of Africans in the driest parts of the continent. The Sahara desert and surrounding regions are greening due to increasing rainfall.36. Sahara desert turns g thanks to more rain.Paragraph TwoHappiness research suggests that neither very good events nor very bad events seem to change people's happiness much in the long term. Most people, it seems, revert back to some kind of baseline happiness level within a couple of years of even the most devastating events, like the death of a spouse or loss of limbs.37. For the majority, there seems to be a b for happiness level.Paragraph ThreeDaylight saving time began in the United States during World War I, primarily to save fuel by reducing the need to use artificial lighting. Although some states and communities observed daylight saving time between the wars, it was not observed nationally again until World War II. 38. Daylight saving time in the U. S. reduced e consumption.Paragraph FourIn the movie, the principal character, Leonard, can remember everything that happened before his head injury on the night his wife was attacked, but anyone he meets or anything he has done since that fateful night simply vanishes. He has lost the ability to convert short-term memory into long-term memory.39. Leonard’s head injury has r in his loss of long-term memory.Paragraph FiveWell-intentioned parents have unwittingly left their kids defenseless against failure. The current generation of millennials (born between 1980 and 2001) grew up playing sports where scores an d performance were downplayed because “everyone’s a winner”. And their report cards had more positive spin than an AIG press release.40. Today's children have been poorly p for failure.Paragraph SixThe harp seal mom nurses her pup on 48% fat seal milk continuously for 12 days without eating. Her pup will gain an average of 2.3 kg per day during this 12-day nursing period, while mom herself will lose about 3.2 kg per day.41. The harp seal mom's significant w loss during nursing.Paragraph SevenToday roughly 17% of American kids and teens are obese, and parents cite obesity as a top concern for their children's health. Yet with so many other overweight kids in the class, it appears that parents can't recognize - or admit it to themselves - when their child is too heavy.42. Parents may f to realize it when their children are overweight.Paragraph EightIn the 1990s, the Environmental Protection Agency shut down thousands of leaky landfills, building larger ones with stricter environmental controls. Which means that if you do live near one, it's likely to be a whopper: There were 8,000 landfills in the United States in 1988, and there are fewer than 2,000 today.43. The n of landfills has decreased.Paragraph NineThe benefits of quitting smoking - reduced risk of cancer and many other health problems - are known. But for millions of smokers, the calming effect of a cigarette can be reason enough to start up again. Studies have found, however, that in reality, lighting up has the opposite effect, causing long-term stress levels to rise, not fall.44. Smoking may well cause rather than r stress.Paragraph TenSome experts estimate that youngsters are bombarded with 10,000 food commercials each year during children's programming, and most of them aren’t promoting salads or fruit. All this marketing changes children’s taste preferences and causes them to crave - and beg for - unhealthy foods.45. Food commercials are largely r for children's unhealthy eating habits.IV. Translation (20 points, 4 points for each)Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese. Write the Chinese version on your Answer Sheet.Let’s take the orthodox definition of the word bargain. It is something offered at a low and advantageous price. It is an opportunity to buy something at a lower price than it is really worth.46. A more recent definition is: a bargain is a dirty trick to extort money from the pockets of silly and innocent people.I have never attended a large company's board meeting in my life, but I feel certain that discussion often takes the following lines. The cost of producing a new - for example - toothpaste would make 80p the decent price for it, so we will market it at ￡1.20. 47. It is not a bad toothpaste (not specially good either, but not bad), and as people like to try new things it will sell well to start with; but the attraction of novelty soon fades, so sales will fall. When that starts to happen we will reduce the price to ￡1.15. And we will rush to buy it even though it still costs forty-three percent more than its fair price.Sometimes it is not 5p OFF but 1p OFF. What breathtaking impertinence to advertise 1p OFF your soap or washing powder or dog food or whatever. Even the poorest old-age pensioner ought to regard this as an insult, but he doesn’t. A bargain must not be missed. 48. To be offered a “gift” of one penny is like being invited to dinner and offered one single pea (tastily cooked), and nothing else. Even if it represented a real reduction it would be an insult. Still, people say, one has to have washing powder (or whatever) and one might as well buy it a penny cheaper.The real danger starts when utterly unnecessary things become “bargains”. There is a huge number who just cannot resist bargains and sales. Provided they think they are getting a bargain they will buy clothes they will never wear, furniture they have no space for. Old ladies will buy roller-skates and nonsmokers will buy pipe-cleaners.49. Quite a few people actually believe that they make money on such bargains. Some people buy in bulk because it is cheaper. At certain moments New Zealand lamb chops may be 3p cheaper。

00596英语阅读（二）自考模拟试题（七）Passage FourThe loss of biological diversity has become most spectacularly noticeable in the extinction or decline of populations of large and well-known animals. Many animal species have become extinct since the 1700’s, among them the California grizzly bear, the dodo, and the passenger pigeon. Hundreds of other animal species are threatened. In North America, endangered species include the black-footed ferret, the California condor, the desert tortoise, and the whooping crane.Most species in danger of extinction anywhere in the world are suffering from the intrusion (侵入) of human beings. The Asian elephant, for example, has become an endangered species due to the expansion of the human population throughout its range in southern Asia. In Africa, the African elephants are being killed off for their tusks. Monkeys and other primates throughout the world are threatened by hunting, capture for medical use, and the destruction of their habitats. And the rhinoceroses, lions, and other large mammals of the African savanna (grassy plains with scattered trees) compete for land and life with some of the most rapidly growing human populations in the world.The loss of biological diversity is most severe, however, in the tropical rain forests. The forests of the tropics are particularly vulnerable to disturbance because the soils have a low capacity for retaining nutrients. Most of the forests’nutrient elements are held in the tissues of plants. When loggers and farmers destroy existing plant cover, the nutrients are washed from the land into streams, and the land itself becomes less able to support life. Destruction of these forests destroys the habitat of hundreds, sometimes thousands, of species from such creatures as the howler monkey and indigo macaw, to less visible species of plants, insects, and microbes, many of which are not yet known to science.Questions 26-30 are based on Passage Four26. According to the passage, animal distinction _____.A. is most noticeable in North AmericaB. is mainly taking place among large animalsC. quickened with industrialization of the societyD. never took place before the 1700’s27. The chief cause of gradual disappearance of biological diversity is ____.A. human crueltyB. human interferenceC. the increase of human populationD. the disappearance of the forests28. Which of the following is NOT mentioned with regard to human intrusion?A. Elephants are killed off for their tusksB. Some primates are hunted for medical useC. Growing human population results in the competition for land and life among animalsD. Men live increasingly on animals as their source of food.29. In tropical forests, _____.A. animals live a hard life due to competitionB. a lot of species die out for lack of foodC. rains constitute the major threat to speciesD. a greater number of animals are yet to be known30. It can be inferred from this passage that species extinction ____.A. proceeds of a faster rate than noticeableB. is the worst among well-known animalsC. is the most severe in AfricaD. is chiefly due to competition among speciesPassage Five“Climate change in the Arctic is a reality now!”So insists Robert Corell, an oceanographer with the American Meteorological Society. Wild-eyed proclamations are all too common when it comes to global warming, but in this case his assertion seems well founded.Dr. Corell heads a team of some 300 scientists who have spent the past four years investigating the matter in a process known as the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA). The group, drawn from the eight countries with territories inside the Arctic Circle, has just issued a report called “Impacts of a Warming Arctic”, a lengthy summary of the principal scientific findings. A second report, which will sketch out recommended policies, is due out in a few weeks. A third, far heftier tome detailing all the scientific findings will not come out for some months yet.Already, though, the ACIA has made a splash. One reason is the inevitable wrangling over policy recommendations. News reports have suggested that the Bush administration has tried to suppress signs of support in the second, as yet unreleased, report, for the UN’s Kyoto protocol or other mandatory policies for the control of greenhouse-gas emissions. But even setting politics aside, this week’s scientific report has still created a stir with its bold assessment of polar warming.At first sight, its conclusions are not so surprising. After all, scientists have long suspected that several factors lead to greater temperature swings at the poles than elsewhere on the planet. One is albedo (反射率) —the posh scientific name for how much sunlight is absorbed by a planet’s surface, and how much is reflected. Most of the polar regions are covered in snow and ice, which are much more reflective than soil or ocean. If that snow melts, the exposure of dark earth (which absorbs heat) acts as a feedback loop that accelerates warming. A second factor that makes the poles special is that the atmosphere is thinner there than at theequator, and so less energy is required to warm it up. A third factor is that less solar energy is lost in evaporation at the frigid poles than in the steamy tropics.And yet the language of this week’s report is still eye-catching: “the Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on Earth.”The last authoritative assessment of the topic as done by the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2001. That report made headlines by predicting a rise in sea level of between 10 cm (four inches) and 90cm, and a temperature rise of between 1.4℃and 5.8℃over this century. However, its authors did not feel confident in predicting either rapid polar warming or the speedy demise of the Greenland ice sheet. Pointing to evidence gathered since the IPCC report, this week’s report suggests trouble lies ahead.Questions 31-35 are based on Passage Five31. By saying “his assertion seems well founded”, the author means that _____.A. his statement is not reasonableB. his assertion can be discoveredC. his statement can hold waterD. his assertion is well-known to the public32. Scientists of the team headed by Dr. Corell _____.A. had much acquaintance with the Arctic circle prior to the investigationB. were absorbed in the South Pole climate impact AssessmentC. had no acquaintance with the Arctic Circle prior to the studyD. were detached from the South Pole snowstorm impact investigation33. The manipulation of greenhouse-gas emissions is in its strongest form echoed in _____.A. the Arctic Climate Impact AssessmentB. the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeC. the American Meteorological SocietyD. the UN’s Kyoto protocol or other mandatory policies34. The vanishing of Greenland ice sheet, according to the text, is _____.A. beyond disputeB. still in doubtC. at its early stageD. in its distinctive ways35. The loss of less solar energy in evaporation at the Arctic Circle may result in _____.A. apparent temperature stagnation elsewhere on the planetB. less temperature swings at the polesC. consequent temperature regulation elsewhere on the planetD. more temperature fluctuation at the poles。

浙江省2004年1月高等教育自学考试英语阅读（二）试题课程代码：00596Ⅰ. Match the words from Column A with the definitions from Column B(15%)A.1. unexpected2. novelty3. spacious4. entertaining5. inattentiveness6. emission7. brisk8. messenger9. commitment10. substitute11. hint12. disclose13. clips14. fierce15. exposureB.A. giving no attentionB. the act of sending out (esp. heat, light, etc. )C. quick and activeD. never thought to happenE. a person who brings one or more pieces of informationF. newnessG. having much spaceH. amusingI. state of being placed in viewJ. angry violent and cruelK. cuts of sth. by leaving out parts of itL. show by uncoveringM. a small or indirect suggestionN. put something in place of anotherO. a promise to follow a certain course of actionⅡ. All the following sentences are taken from the textbook. Study each sentence carefully and choose A,B,C or D that has the closest meaning to the underlined word or phrase. (15%)1. It is something offered at a low or advantageous price.A. advancingB. profitableC. attractiveD. high2. A technician will examine your blood under a microscope-counting the white cells in a small marked-off area.A. indicatingB. separated by a line-drawingC. noticeableD. having visible trace3. How do you go about identifying people’s needs?A. change to the opposite directionB. concentrate onC. begin to work atD. notice4. People often say the right words, but their eyes betray their true feelings.A. hideB. representC. revealD. turn against5. We tried, in short time, to catch up on our respective lives over the last two decades.00596# 英语阅读（二）试题第1 页(共9 页)A. come up from behindB. bring to dateC. be interested inD. be eager to tell each other about6. A mutation (which is always possible) happens to suit a new environment, and the ‘odd’creature survives because it is better fitted.A. fixed in placeB. made suitable or competentC. in good healthD. of the right size or shape7. The repeated actions of preparing, sorting, filling, distributing, and keeping track of records and publications can be as troublesome as calculating.A. following the way ofB. pursuingC. seeking afterD. keeping oneself informed about8. All plants and animals that have been studied carefully (including the human) seem to have built-in clocks.A. making a fix partB. fixing to a part as a wholeC. internally fixedD. causing to become one part of sth.9. The International Monetary Fund is concerned with short-term credit and the cooperative management of foreign exchange rates.A. advance or loanB. trust or believeC. money or cashD. pay or debt10. The lending nations subscribe toward its capital stock in proportion to their economic importance.A. with reference toB. at the rate ofC. in the measure ofD. in comparison with11. More important is the fact that it can float bonds and use the proceeds to make loans.A. stayB. moveC. supportD. issue12. It hoped to secure the advantages of the gold standard without its disadvantages.A. protectB. have no doubtC. be certainD. make safe13. This concentration on project lending is directed at ensuring that Bank funds are invested in sound, productive projects.A. close gatheringB. close attentionC. coming togetherD. point14. The Bank is both a developmental and a financial institution, and each project for which it lends must satisfy both features of the institution.A. collegeB. universityC. organizationD. institute15. Of these, the overwhelming majority, well over 90 percent, have been for specific projects such as schools.00596# 英语阅读（二）试题第2 页(共9 页)A. largest crowdB. big figureC. by far the greatest numberD. small partⅢ. Reading comprehension(40%)Reading Passage 1 It is becoming increasingly recognized that education is a process which continues throughout adult life. The scope of adult and continuing education has widened in recent years and now includes, in addition to the development of the individual through cultural, physical and craft pursuits, such subjects as basic education: education for disadvantaged groups and those with special needs such as ethnic minorities or the disabled; consumer education; health education; and pre-retirement education. Continuing education includes training for those in employment, to enable them to keep pace with technological change. The British government has taken a number of recent initiatives to improve opportunities for both adult and continuing education. In 1982 it launched a Professional, Industrial and Commercial Updating Program designed to help colleges and universities to meet the need to up-date and broaden the skills of those in mid-career in industry, commerce and the professions. A three-year program to encourage the expansion of educational opportunities for the adult unemployed was launched in 1984. Apart from provision for mature students at universities, courses are provided by further education colleges, adult education centers, residential colleges, the Open Universities and various other bodies including a number of voluntary organizations. Most of the provision is made by the local education authorities in a wide variety of establishments, including schools used for adult evening classes and community schools which provide educational, social and cultural opportunities for the wider community. Most courses are part-time. Local authorities also maintain or aid many courses lasting between a weekend and a fortnight. Long-term residential colleges, grant-aided by central government departments, provide courses of one or two years and aim to provide a liberal education without academic entry tests. Most students admitted are entitled to full maintenance grants.1. One of the tasks of continuing education is ________.A. to keep employees well informed of recent technological developmentsB. to help employees get promoted and pay increasedC. to widen employees’ knowledge of their country’s historyD. to make employees’ spare time activities rich and varied2. The word “initiatives” in Line 8 most probably means ________.A. plansB. offersC. measuresD. proposals3. The two programs launched by the British government are designed for ________.00596# 英语阅读（二）试题第3 页(共9 页)A. students and teachers in colleges and universitiesB. the employed and unemployed respectivelyC. the government employees in BritainD. the disadvantaged and the disabled4. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?________A. Adult education might be replaced by other types of education.B. Many British young people can receive higher education without entrance examination.C. Only those who passed academic entry tests can get financial aid from the central government.D. The aid for improving adult and continuing education is provided by local and State governments.5. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.A. adult education will probably become the main type of education in Britain and other developed countriesB. the government should attach importance to various types of education to meet the needs of the changing worldC. higher education should meet the demands of the development of science and technologyD. high schools should produce more skilled studentsReading Passage 2 Brain damage is forever, or so doctors once thought, but that long-standing medical axiom (公理) is now being proved wrong. In laboratories across the USA and Europe, researchers are finding that by creating the right chemical environment, and in some cases implanting new cells in the brain, damaged nervous systems can be coaxed (哄) to regenerate (再生). Even more encouraging is the discovery, so far shown only in animals, that cellular (细胞) re-growth can store lost mental functions, and , in addition, improve memory and learning. The latest achievement in this promising field is the work of Dr. Donald Stein and three colleagues at Clark University in Worcester Mass. As reported in last week’s issue of Science, the group attempted to restore mental functioning in 21 rats whose brains had been damaged by the removal of large sections of the frontal cortex (皮层空间). This function of the brain is involved in the learning of complex spatial (空间) relationships. Typically rats sustaining such a severe injury would take 18 days or more to master a maze (迷宫) that required them to alternate right and left turns in order to get a drink of water. Normal rats can learn the task in just 2. 5 days. Before attempting to repair the brain damage, Stein’s team waited a week to allow for the natural accumulation of healing proteins called nerve growth factors. Then they 00596# 英语阅读（二）试题第4 页(共9 页)implanted a pinhead size lump of tissue that had taken from the frontal cortex of normal rat embryos (胎儿). The researchers used fetal (胎儿) cells because they are rich in growth factors and adapt easily to a new environment. Result of the operation: the brain-damaged rats were able to learn the maze in just 8. 5 days. While this is still slower than normal, says Stein,“the transplant was dearly producing some degree of functional recovery. ”Stein later found that new connections had grown between the transplanted tissue and the rest of the brain. According to Stein, the immediate lesson of his group’s experiment is that there is much more capacity for response to brain injury than previously thought.6. In this experiment, the damaged brains were healed ________.A. through surgeryB. by creating a favorable chemical environmentC. by placing new brain material in the damaged brainD. all of the above7. The rats described in the article ________.A. had accidental brain damageB. were at first incapable of learning the mazeC. had had part of their brains removedD. were superior to normal rats after the experiment8. The article inplies that ________.A. learning a maze depends upon the ability to learn spatial relationshipsB. damaged brains could never be returned to normalC. only fetal brain tissue is useable for brain regenerationD. normal rats could learn the maze even faster if implanted with brain tissue proteins9. Nerve growth factors are ________.A. conditions under which brain cell can regenerateB. a chemical environment which induces brain cell enlargementC. proteins which can be used by the tissueD. none of the above10. According to Dr. Stein the experiment shows that ________.A. human brain damage is repairableB. a damaged brain does make some attempt to heal itselfC. brain damage does not necessarily mean a lot of functional abilityD. animal brains, such as a rat’s, are better able to repair themselves than human brainsReading Passage 3 Newspapers in Great Britain vary greatly in their ways of carrying the news. There are 00596# 英语阅读（二）试题第5 页(共9 页)serious papers for those who want to know about important happenings everywhere, both at home and abroad. There are popular newspapers for those who prefer entertainment to information. The London newspaper that is best known outside Great Britain is probably The Times . It began in 1785, and has a high reputation for reliable news and serious opinions on the news. It calls itself an independent paper, which means that it does not give its supports to a particular party. Its leading articles give the opinions of the editor, not those of the owners of the paper. Letters to the editor are printed in parts of the newspaper. These parts of The Times are always interesting. Most of the letters are on serious subjects, but from time to time there will be long letters on the subject which is not at all serious, perhaps on a new fashion of dress, or the bad manners of the young people compared with the manners of the people thirty years ago. In addition to the London daily newspapers, there are other papers. The two London evening papers, the Evening News and the Evening Standard, are sold not only at the ordinary newsagents’shops, but always stay by their piles of papers. However, the newspaper sellers sometimes go away and leave their papers. Passers-by help themselves to the paper they want, and leave the price of the paper in a box. There are dishonest people in London, but no one thinks it is worth robbing a newspaper seller of a few coins.11. If you want to entertain yourself, please buy yourself ________.A. a popular newspaperB. a serious newspaperC. a foreign newspaperD. any independent paper12. The main reason why The Times is a newspaper of high reputation is that ________.A. it is well known outside Great BritainB. news carried in the paper can be accepted as trueC. the first paper of The Times was published in 1785D. it provides readers with many articles on serious news13. The Times is an independent paper, for ________.A. it doesn’t speak in favor of a certain political partyB. it doesn’t support all the political partiesC. it is not controlled by the British governmentD. the editors’ opinions are not examined by the owners of the paper14. What can we infer from the third paragraph?A. Writing on the latest fashion on clothes is the best way to attract young readers.00596# 英语阅读（二）试题第6 页(共9 页)B. People thirty years ago were often polite.C. In the letters to the editor serious subjects are written in an amusing way.D. Letters to the editor are usually too serious to be interesting.15. Which of the following statements in TRUE?A. No one thinks the paper is well worth a few coins.B. The busy street corners are not the usual place where papers are sold.C. Even dishonest people will not take the paper without paying for it.D. The passers-by can be offered free copies of newspapers.Reading Passage 4 There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists”. And these “generalists”are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people’s work, to begin it and judge it. The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a “trained” man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalists and especially the administrator deal with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated” man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly. Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time, you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.16. There is an increasing demand for ________.A. all round people in their own fieldsB. people whose job is to organize other people’s workC. people whose educational background is either technical or professional00596# 英语阅读（二）试题第7 页(共9 页)D. specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others17. The specialist is ________.A. a man whose job is to train other peopleB. a man who has been trained in more than one fieldC. a man who can see the forest rather than the treesD. a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters18. The administrator is ________.A. a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalistB. a man who sees the trees as well as the forestC. a man who is very strong in the humanitiesD. a man who is an “educated” specialist19. During your training period, it is important ________.A. to try to be a generalistB. to choose a profitable jobC. to find an organization which fits youD. to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist20. A man’s first job ________.A. is never the right job for himB. should not be regarded as his final jobC. should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any jobD. is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final jobⅣ. Questions:(10%)All the questions are based on Reading Passage 5. Answer the questions with the fewest words possible.Reading Passage 5 Scientists say changes in the climates caused by industry pollution could make it harder for farmers to grow food in the next century. But the report by the US Department of Agriculture says that may not be true everywhere. It says in some parts of the world, global warming might help farmers produce more food. The burning of more oil and coal around the world is blamed for causing carbon dioxide gas or CO2 to increase in the earth upper atmosphere. Many scientists believed this has led to the problem known as global warming. They believe average day-time temperatures will rise a few degrees over the next 50 years. And they believe this could cause changes in the amounts of rainfall. The Agriculture Department report says some farmers in US probably will have to make changes if climate conditions change. They may have to replace their traditional methods or grow different crops. But the report also finds that the higher levels of CO2in the 00596# 英语阅读（二）试题第8 页(共9 页)atmosphere could increase the growth of some important crops. The report says that the experiment shows the harvest of the crops like rice, soya beans, wheat and cotton could increase as CO2 levels rise. But this would happen only if average temperatures do not increase too much. The scientists say the faster crop growth caused by high CO2 levels could help farmers reduce their use of chemical fertilizers. That could mean less pollution of streams and rivers. The scientists also say the warming of the atmosphere could also affect snowfall amounts in the US when the snow melts each spring. Melting snow is important because it supplies water for farms in the plain, mountainous western states. The Agriculture Department report suggests farmers can slow down the climate changes. For example, they could leave crop waste on the field after harvesting. This would keep more carbon in the soil and prevent its release into the air as CO2. The report says no one is sure how global warming will affect agriculture. Yet the report says farmers should be ready to make some changes either in what they grow or how they grow it . Questions:1. What was the cause of global warming?2. Why farmers in plains and mountainous western states need snow?3. How can some farmers cope with the situation if climate condition changes?4. Why does the report say CO2 high makes farmers pollute less of streams and rivers?5. What is the general idea of the article?Ⅴ. Translate the underlined part of Reading Passage 5 into Chinese. (20%)00596# 英语阅读（二）试题第9 页(共9 页)。

自考00596英语阅读（二）自考模拟试题（二）00596英语阅读（二）自考模拟试题（二）II. Reading Comprehension. (50 points, 2 points for each)In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage OneQ. There’s a lot of talk about putting up manned orbital stations. What does this mean, concretely?A. It is very important to have scientific stations in space. A space telescope with a mirror slightly over six and a half feet in diameter will be placed in orbit, and there will be more and more of these. A few years ago, our group at Saclay, in collaboration with a number of other European Laboratories, orbited a telescope that revolutionized our knowledge of gamma-ray emissions by celestial objects.Life aboard manned space stations won’t be as exciting as we might suppose. It will probably be comparable to the life people lead aboard deep-sea oil rigs.Q. What scientific interest will these stations offer?A. Observation is much more precise beyond the atmosphere, because the sky is darker. You see many more stars and objects that are concealed by the earth’s luminescence.Q. What objects?A. We know pretty well how stars are born because we can observe them. Two or three new stars appear in our galaxy every year. But nearly all the galaxies were born at the same time, when the universe was constituted 15 billion (light) years ago. No new ones are thought to exist.To observe the birth of a galaxy that happened so long ago, you have to see a very long way. At present we can go back 10 to 12 billion years. We have to go a bit farther back still, and maybe catch them in the act of birth. Distant objects are necessarily very dim, so ideal conditions are needed to observe them. Orbital stations provide such conditions.Q. Would orbital stations be choice places from which to try to communicate with extraterrestrial intelligences?A. Not particularly through radio communication, except on certain wave lengths that are absorbed by the atmosphere. But as points of departure for exploration they’ll be very useful.Q. How far would such exploration go?A. In 1989 the satellite Voyager II will reach Neptune after a journey of three and a half years. In addition, five probes were sent to rendezvous with Halley’s comet. So exploration of the solar system is more or less under way. We’ve put people on the moon, sent probes to Mars and Venus, lofted satellites near the sun (within a few tens of millions of miles), and one satellite even left the solar system a few years ago.But visiting the stars is something else again. Light takes four years to reach the nearest stars, so you can see that it would take a satellite hundreds of thousands of years.Of course, if the earth were to become overpopulated, we can imagine sending families in space vessels to colonize the nearest stars. But it’s their great-great-great-grandchildren who would finally reach those stars. And they wouldn’t even know where to stop.Questions 11-15 are based on Passage One.11. A space station is a _____.A. telescope in orbitB. laboratory in spaceC. celestial objectD. collaboration of labs12. The writer compares the life on a space station to the one on a deep-sea oil rig in order to show____.A. dull environmentB. excitement in the wildC. hard living conditionsD. the sameness in operation13. In Para.7 the sentence “No new ones are thought to exist”means ____.A. nobody believes that any new galaxy exists nowB. nobody believes that there is any new galaxy to be found soonC. people believe that the galaxies are very old nowD. people are wrong to believe that new galaxies will appear14. Orbital stations provide an ideal condition to observe a galaxy because ____.A. we are closer to it in spaceB. we can go back 10 to 12 billion yearsC. a galaxy appears dimmer in that environment than on earthD. a galaxy appears brighter in that environment than on earth.15. We may draw a conclusion from Para.14 that ____.A. human habitation on other stars is a pure imaginationB. even later generations won’t know which star to land onC. colonizing other stars is a solution to overpopulationD. reaching other stars by present technology is still unrealisticPassage TwoIn 1998 consumers could purchase virtually anything over the Internet. Books, compact discs, and even stocks were available from World Wide Websites that seemed to spring up almost daily. A few years earlier, some people had predicted that consumers accustomed to shopping in stores would be reluctant to buy things that they could not see or touch in person. For a growing number of time-starved consumers, however, shopping from their home computer was proving to be a convenient alternative to driving to the store.A research estimated that in 1998 US consumers would purchase $7.3 billion of goods over the Internet, double the 1997 total. Finding a bargain was getting easier, owing to the rise of online auctions and Websites that did comparison shopping on the Internet for the best deal.For all the consumers’interest, retailing in cyberspace was still a largely unprofitable business, however, Internet pioneer Amazon. com, which began selling books in 1995 and later branched into recorded music and videos, posted revenue of $153.7 million in the third quarter, up from $37.9 million in the same period of 1997. Overall, however, the company’s loss widened to $45.2 million from $9.6 million, and analysts did not expect the company to turn a profit until 2001. Despite the great loss, Amazon. Com had a stock market value of many billions, reflecting investors’optimism about the future of the industry.Internet retailing appealed to investors because it provided an efficient means for reaching millions of consumers without having the cost of operating conventional stores with their armies of salespeople. Selling online carried its own risks, however. With so many companies competing forconsumers’attention, price competitio n was intense and profit margins were thin or nonexistent. One video retailer sold the hit movie Titanic for $9.99, undercutting the $19.99 suggested retail price and losing about $6 on each copy sold. With Internet retailing still in its initial stage, companies seemed willing to absorb such losses in an attempt to establish a dominant market position.Questions 16-20 are based on Passage Two16. According to the writer, which of the following is true?A. Consumers are reluctant to buy things on the Internet.B. Consumers are too busy to buy things on the Internet.C. More and more consumers prefer Internet shopping.D. Internet retailing is a profitable business.17. Finding a bargain on the Internet was getting easier partly because _____.A. there were more and more online auctions.B. there were more and more Internet users.C. the consumers had more money to spend.D. there were more goods available on the Internet18. “For all the consumer interest”(Para. 3) means _____.A. to the interest of all the consumersB. for the interest of all the consumersC. all the consumers are much interestedD. though consumers are very much interested19. It can be inferred from the passage that Amazon. com ______.A. is making a profit nowB. will probably make a profit in 2001C. is a company that sells books onlyD. suffers a great loss on the stock market20. Investors are interested in Internet retailing because _____.A. selling online involves little riskB. Internet retailing is in its initial stageC. they can make huge profits from itD. it can easily reach millions of consumers。

山东省自考英语（二）综合模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary and Structrue 3. Reading Comperhension 4. Word Spelling 5. Word FromV ocabulary and Structrue1．He left orders that nothing______ until the police arrived.A．was touchedB．had been touchedC．should be touchedD．were touched正确答案：C2．If only I______differently, he might still be alive now.A．had behavedB．behavedC．have behavedD．behave正确答案：A3．Whatever______the results of that policy, I support it on principle.A．isB．areC．may beD．be正确答案：C4．I wish I______ to the movie with you last night.A．wentB．could goC．goD．could have gone正确答案：D5．Without his permission, there______ no such opportunity offered.A．would beB．wasC．will beD．are正确答案：A6．But that he saw it, he______ it.A．couldn’t have believedB．didn’t believeC．could not believeD．can’t believe正确答案：A7．Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it ______in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.A．is to be analyzedB．has been analyzedC．be analyzedD．should have been analyzed正确答案：C8．______ no friction between the surface of the road and our feet, we could not walk at all.A．If there wasB．Were thereC．Was thereD．There had正确答案：B9．Suppose the knife______accidentally, would the doctor get his fee from the person he is treating?A．slippedB．is slippingC．had slippedD．would slip正确答案：A10．The article suggests that when a person ______ under unusual stress he______ especially careful to have a well balanced diet.A．were, beB．is, should beC．was, will beD．be, be正确答案：BReading ComperhensionThe cowboys who lived in the United States of America before there were good roads or big modern cities used to live on the huge open spaces of grassland called ranges, because that was where the cows that they looked after could find plenty of grass and water. But when the time came to sell the cows, there were no buyers out on the range-they had to be taken into market. In the early days it was a hard job getting the cows to the markets where they were killed. It was no good killing them on the ranges because there were no lorries or railways to carry the meat. The cattle had to be driven along in a large herd to the towns where they were needed. The places with lots of people who needed meat were often hundreds or thousands of miles away from the ranges. The cattle were rounded up, and those to be sent away were kept together. On the trail the leader was the trail boss, who told the men which jobs to do. He decided where they should camp at night. Hundreds or maybe thousands of cattle were taken on the trail. The herd was not made to move too quickly-if they rushed along, they would get thin and not be worth much at market. Some cowboys rode beside them, some in front and others at the back. Cows that moved too slowly were hurried along. Cows which tried to get away were made to go back to the herd.11．The cowboys used to live______.A．in big citiesB．near the market placeC．in the United StatesD．on ranges正确答案：D12．It was believed that on huge open spaces grassland,A．There were more cows than any other animalsB．cows could find much grass and waterC．cows could sell at a reasonable priceD．cowboys would find it easy to look after their cattle.正确答案：B13．Which of the following is not true according to the second paragraph?A．cows were normally killed early in the morningB．cows were needed where there was a big populationC．cows had to be driven many miles away to the townsD．it was a hard job to get the cattle to the market正确答案：A14．The trail boss______.A．was appointed by the governmentB．rode and others walked aroundC．decided almost everything on the trailD．usually rode in the front of a large herd正确答案：C15．It seems that______.A．The cowboys enjoyed their life on the rangeB．fat cows sell faster than thin cows at marketC．cowboys were too young to do their jobs wellD．the herd was made to move along neither too quickly nor too slowly 正确答案：DWord Spelling16．s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ vt. & vi.牺牲，献出n．牺牲品正确答案：sacrifice17．h_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ adj.好客的，热情的正确答案：hospitable18．i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ adj.低效的，效率低的正确答案：inefficient19．c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n.对抗，冲突正确答案：confrontation20．f_ _ _ _ _ _ n.流利正确答案：fluency21．e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n.环境正确答案：environment22．t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n.容忍，宽容正确答案：tolerance23．f_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ vt.迷住，强烈地吸引住正确答案：fascinate24．a_ _ _ _ vt.使烦恼，打扰正确答案：annoy25．o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ adj.东方的正确答案：orientalWord From26．They were married in strict______(private).正确答案：privacy27．His______(determine)to retire surprised us all.正确答案：determination28．It is______(doubt)the best French film this year.正确答案：undoubtedly29．A foreign______(address)in China will be annoyed if he is greeted with “Where are you going?”正确答案：addressee30．Teachers shouldn’t be______(mechanical)minded.正确答案：mechanically31．Existing methods of production are expensive and______(efficient).正确答案：inefficient32．To avoid______(confuse), the twins never wear the same clothes.正确答案：confusion33．I don’t______(whole)believe what he has said.正确答案：wholly34．______(fluent)should be given enough attention in foreign language teaching.正确答案：Fluency35．A______(psychology)is someone who studies the human mind, human emotions and human behavior.正确答案：psychologist。