动词不定式的被动语
态
动词不定式的被动语态
一、复习各种时态的被动语态
★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done
以 the book , publish 为例：
一般现在/过去时： The book_______________________________.
一般/过去将来时: The book _________________________________.
The book __________________________________.
现在/过去进行时：The book ___________________________________.
现在/过去完成时:The book _____________________________________.
情态动词： The book _____________________________________.
二：动词不定式的被动语态
1. 动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式：
1）一般式（not/never ）to be done
2）完成式 (not/ never)to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）
2. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用
1）做主语（常用it做形式主语）
To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous.
(或者：____________________________________________________)
被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。
__________________________________________________________________ 2）做表语
The party is to be held next Saturday evening.
明年，这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。
_________________________________________________________________ 3）做宾语
She didn’t like to be treated as a child.
He pretended to have been beaten by his step-father..
这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。
__________________________________________________________________ 4）做宾语补足语
Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.
这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座电影院。
_________________________________________________________________ 5）做定语
What a victory to be envied by those women!
英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。
__________________________________________________________________ 6）做状语
All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for
Christmas.
他匆忙赶到订票处（booking office）却被告知所有的票都卖完了。
________________________________________________________________ 3. 在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。
1) 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与
该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时
He has nothing to eat. (分析： eat (动→nothing宾 / he 主→eat 谓)
I will give you a book to read .(分析： _____ 动→____宾/ _____主→_____谓)
这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。
_______________________________________________________________ ★注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式比较： I have a lot of letters to type . (我有很多信件要打印：I will type the
letter)
I have a lot of letters to be typed. (意思为： I get sb. to type the letter)
I’ll go to New York. Have you anything __________(take) to your wife there?
Do you have any clothes _____________(wash), sir?” asked the maid
I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes _____________(wash)
2) 在“主语+表语（形容词）to do”中，主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动
词和主语之间是动宾关系。
This question is easy to answer. （分析：answer (动)------this question （宾））★注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。
John is difficult to deal with. （分析：_________(动)----____________(宾)）这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。____________________________________________ 这题目很难算出来。_____________________________________________
3. There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。
There is a lot of work to do / to be done. (多用主动形式)
没有什么可担心的。_______________________________________________
练习
一、填空. (请用to do , to be doing, to have done, to be done, to have been done )
1.It will take several weeks for your computer to ___________________(repair)
2.I knew him _____________________(catch) by the police.
3. A vote is required _____________________(take) in our company at once.
4.This makes it possible for them ________(make) metals into any required shapes
5.Dick sped on the motorway only _______________(fine)
6.When some money went missing from the bank, Thomas was believed __———
____________________(steal) it.
7.The book is said to ______________________(translate) into several languages.
8.I feel greatly honored __________________(welcome) into their society .
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f88477936.html,e on! It is an easy sentence ________________(translate).
10.When I came in, he pretended to ____________________.(read)
11.All these gifts must be mailed immediately ______________________(receive)
in time for Christmas.
12.Mrs Smith warned her daughter ______________(not drive) after drinking.
13.Hearing the good news, he was too excited _______________(speak).
14.It happened ____________________(rain) when I got there.
15.I am terribly sorry _________________(lose) your key.
16.I am sorry _____________(say )that he is going from bad to worse.
17.He asked______________(send) to the place where he was most needed.
18.What he hoped was____________________(admit) into the university
19.He got to the station only ____________(find) all the tickets had been sold out.
20.I am sorry ___________________(keep) you waiting so long.
21.On their return the father asked his son _________(explain) what he had learnt.
22..My advisor encouraged me _________(take) a summer course to improve my
writing skills.
23.3.I don’t know whether you happen _________________(hear), but I’m going to
study in the U.S.A this September.
24.4. The flu is believed ___________(cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the
cells inside the human nose and throat.
25.He seems _______________（punish) by his teacher yesterday.
26.__________(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had an operation on her.
27. He was too frightened _____ (say) anything.
28.The school ordered all the classroom__________( clean ).
29.My grandmother seems to have a lot ____________(worry) about.
30.I am going to the post office. Do you have any letter _______________(post)?
31.You are lucky enough ____________________(not catch) in the rain.
二：翻译练习
1.据说这会议已经被取消了
2.这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。
3.残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。
4.没有可以可以浪费的时间了。
5.能被邀请进这个英语俱乐部，是一大荣幸。
6.她假装没有听懂我说的话。
7.我希望被中山大学录取。
8.很抱歉，我忘记了你的电话号码了。
动词不定式用法归纳 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。 1．作主语 可以直接作主语。如： To see is to believe． 但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如： It's wrong to play tricks on other people． It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy．（Lesson 10）． 点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is ＋adj．（形容词）＋to do sth．或 It is ＋n．（名词）＋to do sth．句型中，it仅作形式主语。 2．作宾语 a.以下动词只能to do 作宾语。 attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange 安排 mean意欲，打算 begin开始 expect期望 appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 start 开始 undertake承接 want想要 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习 contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 seek找，寻觅 try试图 b．love，like ，begin，start，hate ，prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。 提示板：like doing指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作。如： I like swimming，but I don't like to swim now．我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。 c．stop，forget，remember，go on ，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 1）stop to do sth．：停止一件事，去做另一件事。 stop doing sth．：停止正在做的事。 例句：When the teacher came in，the students stopped talking；when he came out，the students stopped to talk． 当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。 2）思考：forget，remember，go on，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别d．在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋to do sth．句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如： The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep． I feel it easy to recite the text． 点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面stop例句。 3．作宾语补足语 a．下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求，邀请 get请，得到 prompt促使 allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢，宁愿 announce
动词不定式用法 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。 1．作主语 可以直接作主语。如：To see is to believe． 但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如： It's wrong to play tricks on other people． It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy． 点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth句型中，表示说话人对客观事件的决断，意为：做…..是……的，it仅作形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth It is very interesting to read.读书是有趣的 It is useful to read.看书是有用的 It is healthy to run every day.每天跑步是健康的 It is a little difficulty for me to work out this question.解出这道题对我来说有点难 It is bad not to finish homework.不完成作业是糟糕的 It is bad to be late for school.迟到是糟糕的 It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth该句型通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪，与It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth的意义不同。 It is very kind of you to tell me the truth．你能告诉我事实，真是太好了 It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing．他做那件傻事，真是太笨了 It is very clever of you to work out this question. 你能解出这道题目，真是太聪明了 It is very wise of you to read this novel. 你看这本小说，真是太明智了 这个句型中用介词of而不是for的原因是这里的形容词是用来形容人的品质性格的。 类似的词有：careless，careful，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid，friendly 因此区分是用It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth还是It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth，要
Book7 unit2动词不定式被动语态形 一、复习各种时态的被动语态 ★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done （以the book , publish 为例） 一般现在/过去时： The book is/ was published. 一般/过去将来时: The book will/would be published. The book is/was going to be published. 现在/过去进行时： The book is/was being published. 现在/过去完成时: The book has/had been published. 情态动词： The book can/could/may/might…be published. 1）一般式：（not/never ）to be done 2）完成式：（not/ never）to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前） 三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如: They say that Mike is sick in bed. =It is said that Mike is sick in bed. =Mike is said to be sick in bed. 据说麦克卧床不起. People believe that he was killed. =It is believed that he was killed. =He is believed to have been killed. 大家相信他被杀了. 四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done). 语法功能： 1．作主语： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 2．作宾语： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang. 3．构成复合宾语： He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.
定义 （语态）动词和参与此动作的主语之间关系的一个术语。当主语是动作的发起者（或之一）时，称为主动语态； 如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如： It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（不定式作主语是被动语态to be invited是被邀请）It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主语） I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语） Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定语） He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作状语） My work is to clean the room every day.（不定式作表语） 在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：There is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.) 形式 1) 现在式：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。一般为：动词+ to do sth He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.我希望再见到你。 2) 完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold. 3)进行式：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He seems to be eating something. 4)完成进行式： She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years. 一般在表示情绪的动词后加to do也表将来 疑问词 疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如： ①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. （不定式在句子中做主语） ②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. （不定式在句子中做宾语） ③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. （不定式在句子中做直接宾语） ④The question was where to get the medicine needed. （不定式在句子中表语） 以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如：①When we s hall leave…③…how I could learn……
不带to的动词不定式有哪些 不定式是英语动词的非限定形式之一，是英语中一种非常活跃的语言现象，不带to的不定式（bare infinitive）是我们学习、掌握和运用这一语法现象的难点。本文的目的就是要对不带to的不定式作一粗浅的探讨。首先要指出的是，不带to的不定式的使用实际上非常普遍，主要用在情态动词和助动词will，shall，would，should，can，could，may，might，must…以及在作为情态动词的need和dare之后。但因为这一点在学习英语的过程中极易掌握，故不在此赘述。除此以外，在下列情况下也要使用不带to的动词不定式。 1．在see，feel，hear，watch，observe，listen to，look at, notice等感官动词或短语以及let，have，make等表示祈使意义的动词后面；不定式作宾语补足语不能带to；help后面的不定式可以不带to，也可以保留to；know在一定的条件下，后面的不定式作宾语补足语时可以不带to。例如： I saw the man come out of the house． I heard her say that she was from Japan． We felt the house shake． They watched the sun sink into the sea． Did you notice him stop？ They did not observe Jim come in and go upstairs． She was listening to him climb the stairs． Look at the boy run！ I'll let you know as soon as I hear from her． I had him mend my watch． Electricity makes motors run． He helped me（to）plant trees． I have never known him sing so beautifully． 不带to的动词不定式跟在上述动词后面时，情况比较复杂，有以下几个问题须特别注意： （1）当上述句子变成被动语态时，原来作宾语补足语的不定式则相应地成为主语补足语。这时，不定式就一定要带to，以上述句子为例：
非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形 一、复习各种时态的被动语态 ★ 被动语态的基本结构：be+ done （以the book , publish 为例） 一般现在/过去时： The book is/ was p ublished 一般/过去将来时： The book will/would be p ublished The book is/was going to be p ublished 现在/过去进行时： The book is/was being p ublished 现在/过去完成时： The book has/had bee n p ublished 情态动词： The book can/could/may/might …be p ublished 二、不定式的被动式的基础知识： 1）一般式：（not/never ）to be done 2）完成式：（not/ never ）to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前） 三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如： They say that Mike is sick in bed. =lt is said that Mike is sick in bed. =Mike is said to be sick in bed. 据说麦克卧床不起. People believe that he was killed. =It is believed that he was killed. =He is believed to have been killed. 大家相信他被杀了. 四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done). 语法功能： 1.作主语： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 2.作宾语： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.
被动语态讲解 一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成， be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2）has /have been done 现在完成时 例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例A new cinema is being built here． 4）was/were done 一般过去时 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5）had been done 过去完成时 例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6）was/were being done 过去进行时 例A meeting was being held when I was there. 7）shall/will be done 一般将来时 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8）should/would be done 过去将来时 例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 例The project will have been completed before July. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一 个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构 中的主语，其余不动。 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。 例I don't like being laughed at in the public. 二、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
动词不定式作主语的三种方式 I 不定式作主语通常位于句首。如： ①To see is to believe．百闻不如一见。 ②To get up early is necessary．早起是必要的。 II 把引导词it放在句首作形式主语，而把真正的主语———动词不定式（短语）放在后面。如： ①It's not easy to work out the problem．计算出这道题不容易。 ②It is interesting to play with snow in winter．冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。 it作形式主语时，有三种情况： 1）常用形容词作它的表语。真正主语不定式通常有逻辑主语，一般用for短语来表示，即for sb．to do sth．（其中sb．就是to do的逻辑主语）。如： It's important for us to keep the water clean．保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。 ［注意］for不能用of来代替，因为不能说：Y ou are important． 当表语形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，则不用for，而用of（sb．to do sth．）。如： It's very kind of you to say so．你这样说真是太好了。 （可以说：Y ou are very kind．） 2）有时也接名词作表语。如： It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship．乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。 3）it作形式主语时，还常用于“It takes（took ／will take）sb．some time（money）to do sth．”句型中。如： ①It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening．昨天晚上我做作业用了一个多小时。 ②It will take us a long time to walk there．步行去那儿要花费我们很长时间。 III．动词不定式与疑问词how，what，when，where，which等连用构成不定式短语，也可作主语。如： ①How to use the computer is the question．如何使用计算机是个问题。 ②Where to go has not been decided．去哪儿还没有定下来。 【巩固练习】选择正确答案填空。 1．It's important you walk after supper． A．of；to B．for；of C．to；to D．for；to 2．It's very kind you help me． A．to；of B．of；to C．for；to D．to；to 3．To make friends with them nice． A．is B．are C．be D．does 4． the meeting has not been discussed yet． A．Why to hold B．Where to C．When to hold D．Which to （Keys：1—4 DBAC）
动词不定式的教学设计 课题名称：Grammar Revision:Infinitive 姓名：江国平工作单位：学科年级：八年级教材版本：一、教学内容分析 本课时是人教版《英语》第二册第7与第8单元的语法复习课，主要内容是关于动词不定式各个句法功能的介绍加之了大量的练习。 二、教学目标 一、知识目标： 1.Students are able to learn what the infinitive is. 2.Students can grasp the various forms of the different tense and the voice of the infinitive. 二、能力目标： 1.Students can use the infinitive rightly. 2.Students can tell the different syntax-function of the infinitive. 三、情感目标： 1.Students can learn to cooperate with others and finish task by themselves or in group. 2.Students can also compete with others and form good learning habits. 三、学习者特征分析 本节课的授课是初二学生，该班学生普遍活泼开朗，兴趣广泛，愿意展示自己。但是，学生的语言基础不好还比较低，口头表达能力不好。在设计中要充分利用好动、愿意涨势自我的优点，通过多种课堂组织形式来调动设计枯燥的语法课中，加入游戏，小组竞争等等让学生在这种紧张又快乐的环境中学会语言。 四、教学策略选择与设计 该节课是初二语法模块的教案，由于考试日期临近，复习时采用了边讲边练，连接中考考点让学生在上课过获得成就感，并且培养自信意识。 五、教学重点及难点 重点：Students can grasp the usage of the infinitive. 难点：Students can use the infinitive rightly in the exercises. 六、教学过程 教师活动预设学生活动
被动语态 一、构成英语有两种语态: 主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者, 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者, 其构成为be + 过去分词。 1 . 被动语态各种时态形式表 一般时态进行时态完成时态 现在am /is /are+ asked am /is /are +being asked has /have been asked 过去was /were+asked was /were +being asked had been asked 将来shall /will +be asked shall /will +have been asked 过去将来 should /would +be asked should /would +have been asked I’m afraid I am being followed . We had to take a detour . The road was being repaired . The case has recently been tried . All the tickets had been sold out when they arrived . English is taught in most schools in China . They were given a warm send-off . Their wedding will be held in the church . They were told that the result would be announced 2 . 情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的谓语变为被动语态时, 结构为: 一般式: 情态动词( can, could, may, might , must , should, need 等) + be + 过去分词 完成式: 情态动词( can, could, may, might , must , should, need 等) + have + 过去分词 This can be done by hand . This mustn’t be neglected . 二、被动语态使用要点 1 . 不及物动词不能用于被动语态 appear , rise, die, happen, occur, lie, depart , belong to, break out , take place 等都属此类动 词。例如: Great changes have been taken place in my hometown . (误) Great changes have taken place in my hometown . (正) 2 . 表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态 英语中有些动词(短语动词)不是表示动作, 而是表示某种状态或情况, 有“拥有、容纳、适合、缺少、明白”等意, 这类动词不能用于被动语态, 常见的有: lack , fit , mean, hold , resemble, have, cost , equal , contain, suit , comprise, become, last , possess, benefit , lack, befall 降 临, fail, consist of, look like 等。例如:The book costs 10 yuan . Jane resembles her mother . Note: 当have 作“吃, 接收, 经历, 度过”解时, 虽用作行为动词, 但一般不用于被动语态。例如: The children had a most enjoyable holiday . .. 但当have 作“得到, 获得, 欺骗”解, 或同某些介词、副词结合构成及物性短语动词时, 可用于被动语态。例如: She has been had in the dealing( over the bargain) . The ticket can be had for the asking .The young man was had up by the boss . ( = was summoned) 3 . 某些动词的进行时也可表示被动意义,常见的这类词有: bake, owe, brew, cook, print, bind, do 等。例如: The meat is cooking .The book is printing . The guns are firing . Apples are selling cheaply . ( = are being sold) The cow was milking . ( = was being milked) Drums and gongs are beating .( are being beaten) Some clothes are airing on the fence . 4 . 不及物动词构成的短语动词能否用于被动语态 1)及物动词构成的短语动词总是及物性的, 故可以用于被动语态(注意不可省掉或漏掉介 词或副词) , 如win over, give up, ask for , make mention of 等。但是, 不及物动词构成的短 语可以是及物性的, 也可以是不及物性的; 不及物性的短语动词不可用于被动语态, 如 look up/ down, speak for 等Things are looking up .(正) 2)不及物动词构成的及物性短语动词则可以用于被动语态
动词不定式教案 教学目标 1.学会什么是动词不定式 2.会使用动词不定式 重难点 1.能正确的使用动词不定式的各种用法 教学步骤 Grammar: 动词不定式 Ⅰ. 不定式句法功能 1. 作主语：The cat said, “To take roller coaster” is terrible. 不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。 → The cat said, “It’s terrible to take roller coaster.” How long did it take you to take roller coaster? How terrible it is to take roller coaster? 不定式作主语常见句型： a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult…) + 不定式 b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame) + 不定式 eg. It’s my dut y to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middle School. c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience…) + 不定式 eg. It requires patience to be a good teacher. 2. 作表语：当句子的主语是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主 语所包含内容。 eg. Our most important task now is to make a plan. 注：作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。 eg. The only thing we can do now is wait and see. 3.作宾语 The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!”. a) 可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等 I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将不定式放到宾补后，而用先行代词it作形式宾语，常用 动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。 The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster. b) 不定式一般不作介词的宾语，只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。 一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词都是实 义动词do, does, did时，通常省略to。 Eg. We have no choice but to wait. Cf. We can do nothing but wait.
被动语态与不定式的被动形式 一、选择正确的动词形式 1. No one should be _________ fun of in the public. A. making B. to make C. made D. being made 2. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you wouldn’t have time to ________before the party. A. get dressed B. get dress C. get dressing D. get to dress 3. —How are things going? —The disabled people ________ care of by the volunteers right now. A. are taking B. will take C. are being taken D. is being taken 4. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ____ in Beijing. A. would complete B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed 5. In 1998, this was the longest bridge that ________. A. was ever built B. had ever built C. has ever been built D. had ever been built 6. —Did you see Sandy in the manager’s office? —Yes, she ________ by the manager. A. is questioned B. was being questioned C. had been questioned D. was questioned 7. The fans hurried to the airport, only _____ they had missed the famous singer. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 8. An exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week． A. are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D．will hold 9. Tom is said _______ to another school already. A. to send B. to be sent C. to have been sent D. to have sent 10. All the applicants ______ today shall wait in this room. A. to interview B. will be interviewed C. are interviewed D. to be interviewed 二、根据句子中所缺少的成分，并使用括号内的动词适当形式补全句子。 1. The topics ________________ (discuss) next class will be sent to you by email. 2.Where to have the party ________________ （discuss）now． 3. The new bridge ________________（build）in a month． 4. The bridge ________________（build）next month will be called the East Bridge. 5. This book is said _______________________(translate) into English by 1611. 6. This book ________________________(translate) into English by 1611.
动词不定式教案
1. Teacher says and shows some En ligh sentence and let stude nts to guess. 2. stude nts try to un dersta nd and guess. ① .Mrs Gao in vites us to guess who XXX is/are ② XXX sdream is to go to university ③ XXX wa nt to find a good job. ④ So XXX get up so early as to study. ⑤ XXX has/have many En glish papers to do. ⑥ But XXX don ' t hate Mrs Gao,because XXX know that it's XXX to spe nd all our time on studies. I. play. 2.Students answer and fill in the following table in group. 1. Teacher shows the syn tax-f un cti on of the infin itive (subject,object,predicative,compleme nt,attribute,adverbial) 2. Stude nts follow teacher to lear n the new kon wledge. 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表 语、宾语、宾语补足语、 定语和状语。 一、不定式做主语： I .Lead-in (guessi ng) n .Finding rules and fill in table. 川.Present a tion (the syn tax- function)and exercise s duty