第3章CONVERGE表面错误修复
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abaqus常见错误abaqus的隐式求解的就是求算出一个很大的刚度矩阵的解,这个方程能否通过一次一次的迭代到最后达到一个系统默认的收敛准则标准的范围之内,就决定了这一次计算能否收敛。
因此要收敛的话,系统与上一个分析步的边界条件区别越小的话,系统就越容易找到收敛解。
针对这一点,我们可以得到下面的几种方法来尽可能的使系统的方程的解尽可能的接近上一步,以达到收敛。
下面的方法的指导思想是:尽可能小的模型,前后两个分析步的改变尽可能的少。
1. 接触分析真正加载之前,设置一个接触步让两个面接触上来,在这个步骤里面,接触面的过盈小一点好,比如0.001.接下去再把作用与两个接触体的力及接触方向的自由度放开。
2. 如果系统的载荷很多的话,将系统的载荷分做多步进行加载,一次性全上可能使系统无法在规定的迭代次数内收敛。
所以根据需要分开,让abaqus的内核慢慢消化去。
少吃多餐在这边好像也是成立的。
3. 系统有多个接触的话,也最好如载荷一样,分成几个step让他们接触上。
这样的做法会让你以后在模型的修改中更有方向性。
4. 模型还是不收敛的话,你可以看一下是在哪一步或者那个inc不收敛。
对于第一步直接不收敛的话,如果模型是像我上面把载荷和接触分成很多步建立的话,可以把载荷加载的顺序换一下。
如果你把第二个加载的载荷换到第一步以后,计算收敛了,那影响收敛的主要问题应该就是原来第一个加载或着接触影响的。
这种情况下面一般算到这个加载的时候还是不会收敛。
这个时候可以考虑是否有什么其他办法能够使步骤的变化与上一步变动小一点,比如第一点里面提到,或者继续把这个载荷细分呢?5. 对于接触分析不收敛的情况,可以自己看一下模型的接触面。
有时候是overclosure,这个时候在assemble里面将模型相对位置稍微移动下或者用接触里面的那个adjust only to remove overclose,不过或一种方法会使你的网格扭曲变形。
如何进行3D打印模型的优化与修复3D打印已经成为现实世界中一个颇具潜力的技术,可以在制造业、医疗领域、建筑设计等多个领域发挥重要作用。
然而,由于3D打印技术本身的局限性,打印出来的模型可能存在一些缺陷和问题。
为了解决这些问题,我们需要进行3D打印模型的优化与修复工作。
本文将介绍几种常见的优化与修复方法,帮助您提高3D打印模型的质量和可靠性。
优化与修复方法一:模型修复软件模型修复软件是一种常见的用于修复3D打印模型的工具。
这些软件可以自动检测并修复模型中的错误、空洞、过于细微的细节等问题。
通过使用模型修复软件,我们可以修复模型的非欧几何问题,使其符合3D打印的要求。
模型修复软件的工作原理通常是通过分析模型的拓扑结构,填充缺失的表面区域,修复几何错误,并修正法线等。
有些软件还可以修复模型的壁厚,填充空洞,并修改模型的比例和尺寸。
值得一提的是,模型修复软件通常支持多种文件格式,如STL、OBJ等,使用户能够方便地导入和修复模型。
除了提供自动修复功能,模型修复软件还通常提供了一些高级功能,如可视化工具、模型分析工具和模型调整工具等。
这些功能可以帮助用户更好地了解模型的结构和特征,以便进行更精确的修复。
优化与修复方法二:网格平滑网格平滑是一种常见的3D模型优化方法,它旨在通过使模型表面更加平滑,提高打印质量。
网格平滑可以通过多种方法实现,如高斯曲率流、余弦曲线平滑和局部曲面拟合等。
高斯曲率流技术是一种常用的网格平滑方法,它通过调整网格点的位置,使得曲率在整个模型表面上保持平滑。
这种方法可以减少模型的角度和尖锐特征,提高打印的可行性。
余弦曲线平滑是一种基于曲线拟合的网格平滑方法,它可以通过拟合模型表面上相邻网格点的局部曲线,使网格变得更加平滑。
这种方法可以减少模型表面上的噪声和不规则形状,提高打印品质。
局部曲面拟合是一种通过拟合模型表面上相邻网格点的曲面来实现的网格平滑方法。
这种方法可以在3D模型的局部区域内减少尖锐特征,提高打印的可靠性。
comsol错误提⽰及解决⽅法Diagnostics : Error MessagesError MessagesThis section summarizes the most common error messages and solver messages generated by COMSOL Multiphysics. All error messages are numbered and sorted in different categories according to the following table.TABLE 2-1: ERROR MESSAGE CATEGORIESNUMBERS CATEGORY1000–1999 Importing Models2000–2999 Geometry Modeling3000–3999 CAD Import4000–4999 Mesh Generation5000–5999 Point, Edge, Boundary, and SubdomainSpecification6000–6999 Assembly and Extended Mesh7000–7999 Solvers8000–8999 Postprocessing9000–9999 GeneralFor error messages that do not appear in the following lists, contact COMSOL’s support team for help.2000–2999 Geometry ModelingTABLE 2-2: GEOMETRY MODELING ERROR MESSAGESERRORNUMBERERROR MESSAGE EXPLANATION2118 Negative output fromempty inputIncorrect Geometry M-file.2119 Non scalar output fromempty inputIncorrect Geometry M-file.2120 Normal directions areinconsistentIncorrect input data from STL/VRML import.2138 Self intersections notsupported Curves resulting in self-intersections are not supported.2140 Singular extrusions notsupportedError in input parameters.2141 Singular revolutions notsupported The revolved mesh has a singularity at the z axis. If possible, create the cylinder using a 3D primitive or by revolving the geometry before meshing.2146 Subdomain mustbounded at least fourboundary segmentsIncorrect geometry for mapped mesh.2147 Subdomain must boundone connected edgecomponent onlyIncorrect geometry for mapped mesh. 2190 Invalid radius or distance Incorrect input parameters to fillet/chamfer.2197 Operation resulted inempty geometry object Geometry operation resulted in an empty geometry object which is not allowed. Make sure an empty geometry object is not created.2209 Geometry to revolve maynot cross axis ofrevolution The axis of revolution and the geometry intersect. Check the dimension of the geometry and the definition of the axis for the revolution.4000–4999 Mesh Generation TABLE 2-3: MESH GENERATION ERROR MESSAGESERRORNUMBERERROR MESSAGE EXPLANATION4002 A degeneratedtetrahedron wascreated The mesh generator ran into numerical difficulties while creating tetrahedrons with a size based on user-controlled parameters. Causes could be too small and narrow subdomains relative to the rest of the geometry or exceedingly short boundary segments. Try to avoid creating small and narrow subdomains and very short boundary segments that are adjacent to longer boundary segments.4003 A degeneratedtriangle wascreated The mesh generator ran into numerical difficulties while creating triangles with a size based on user-controlled parameters. Causes could be too small and narrow subdomains relative to the rest of the geometry or exceedingly short boundary segments. Try to avoid creating small and narrow subdomains and very short boundary segments that are adjacent to longer boundary segments.4012 Cannot createmapped mesh forthis geometry The geometry does not fulfill the topological requirements for a mapped mesh. Changes in input parameters or further subdomain division can possibly help this.4026 Failed creatematching edgediscretizations Cannot make mapped mesh with the given input parameters.4029 Failed to insertpoint Problems inserting point at given coordinate. Manually inserting a point there may help.4031 Failed to respectboundary elementon geometry edge The mesh generator failed in making the elements compatible with the geometry object’s edges. The reason for this could be that the face mesh is too coarse or contains adjacent elements with large differences in scale. Another reason can be that some subdomains in the geometry are too narrow with respect to the rest of the geometry.4032 Failed to respectboundary elementon geometry faceSee Error message 4031.4044 Internal errorboundaryrespectingSee Error message 4031.4054 Invalid topology ofgeometry The geometry object cannot be used for creating a mapped mesh. It must be subdivided.4055 Isolated entitiesfound Entities that are not connected to the boundaries of a geometry objects is found. The mapped mesh generator does not support such isolated entities.4119 Singular edgedetectedThe geometry object contains an edge of zero length. 6000–6999 Assembly and Extended MeshTABLE 2-4: ASSEMBLY AND EXTENDED MESH ERROR MESSAGESERRORNUMBERERROR MESSAGE EXPLANATION6008 Circularvariabledependencydetected A variable has been defined in terms of itself, possibly in a circular chain of expression variables. Make sure that variable definitions are sound. Be cautious with equation variables in equations.6063 Invalid degreeof freedomname The software does not recognize the name of a degree of freedom. Check the names of dependent variables that you have entered for the model. See also Error 7192.6139 Wrong numberof DOFs ininitial value The current solution or the stored solution has for some reason the wrong number of degrees of freedom, sometimes due to a change of the implementation of elements between two versions of the software. To overcome the problem, go to the Initial value area in the Solver Manager, and select Initial value expression. Then the initial value expressions is evaluated without using the current or stored solution.6140 Wrong numberof dofs inlinearizationpoint The current solution or the stored solution has for some reason the wrong number of degrees of freedom, sometimes due to a change of the implementation of elements between two versions of the software. To overcome the problem, go to the Value of variables not solved for and linearization point area in the Solver Manager, and click the Use setting from Initial value frame button or the Zero button.6163 Divide by zero A property in the model contains a divisor that becomes zero.Check to make sure that division by zero does not occur inany expression or coefficient.6164 Duplicatevariable name A variable name has two different definitions. For instance, the same variable name appears two or more times for a dependent variable, a constant, an expression variable, or acoupling variable. Remove or rename one of the variables.6170 Failed toevaluatevariable An error occurred when evaluating the variable. The domains in which COMSOL Multiphysics tried to evaluate the variable are indicated. Also, the error message shows the expression that COMSOL Multiphysics was unable to evaluate. Make sure that you have defined the variables correctly in the indicated domains.6176 Attempt toevaluate reallogarithm ofnegative number An expression contains log(a), where a becomes negative or zero. To make the logarithm well-defined, make sure that a>0. Often, a becomes only slightly negative (due to approximations in the solution process). Then, a possible solution is to use log(a+e), where e is a small constant. Another remedy is to use log(abs(a)). If you do want to have a complex logarithm, go to the Advanced tab of Solver Parameters and select the Use complex functions with real input check box.6177 Matrix has zeroon diagonal When the equations have a structure such that the stiffness matrix (Jacobian matrix) has zeros on the diagonal, it is not possible to use the following linear systemsolvers/preconditioners/smoothers: all versions of SOR and Diagonal scaling (Jacobi). Try the Vankapreconditioner/smoother instead.6188 Out of memoryduring assembly The software ran out of memory during assembly of the finite element model. See error 7144 regarding generalmemory-saving tips.6194 Attempt toevaluatenon-integralpower ofnegative number An expression contains a^b, where a becomes negative and b is not an integer. To make the power well-defined, make sure that a>0. Often, a becomes only slightly negative (due to approximations in the solution process). Then, a possible solution is to use (a+e)^b, where e is a small constant. Another remedy is to use abs(a)^b. If you do want to have a complex number a^b, go to the Advanced tab of Solver Parameters and select Use complex functions with real input.6199 Attempt toevaluate realsquare root ofnegative number The model contains a sqrt (square root) function that takes the square root of a negative number. Either make sure that the square-root argument is nonnegative or select the Use complex functions with real input check box on the Advanced tab in the Solver Parameters dialog box.6204 Undefinedfunction call An expression contains an undefined function name. Check that the function name is correct and that the function is in COMSOL Multiphysics’ or MATLAB’s path.6206 Internalevaluation error:unexpected NaNencountered Not-A-Number (NaN) appears unexpectedly. A possible cause is improperly defined coupling variables. As a first step, check that the definitions of the source and destination domains of any coupling variables or periodic boundary conditions are correct.6245 Unsupportedintegration order Integration order is too high. For triangular elements the order can be up to 10, and for tetrahedral elements the order can be up to 8. Find more information in the section “Numerical Quadrature” on page 505.6259 Failed toevaluatevariableJacobian An error occurred when evaluating the Jacobian of the indicated variable. The domains in which COMSOL Multiphysics tried to evaluate the variable are indicated. Make sure that you have defined the variable correctly in the indicated domains.7000—7999 Solvers and Preconditioners TABLE 2-5: SOLVER ERROR MESSAGESERRORNUMBERERROR MESSAGE EXPLANATION7001 Adaption onlyimplemented for It is only possible to use adaptive mesh refinement in 3D for models using tetrahedral mesh elements. tetrahedral meshes Either turn off adaptive mesh refinement or switchfrom brick or prism elements to tetrahedral elements.7002 Adaption onlyimplemented fortriangular meshes It is only possible to use adaptive mesh refinement in 2D for models using triangular mesh elements. Either turn off adaptive mesh refinement or switch from quadrilateral elements to triangular elements.7022 Segregated solver stepsdo not involve all ofsolcomp The groups for the segregated solver do not include all dependent variables. One reason for this error could be that some boundary conditions (for example, for laminar inflow in fluid-flow models) add dependent variables that are not initially in the model.7043 Initial guess leads toundefined function value This error message usually appears when you have set up an expression that returns “not a value,”that is, it is undefined, for the initial condition you have set. For instance, this happens if an expression contains a divisor that becomes zero or a logarithm of a negative value. To solve the problem, change the expression or the initial value so that the expression is well-defined when substituting the initial value of the variables. Also, watch out for warnings in the Log window.7067 System matrix is zero This error message appears if there are no volumeelements in the mesh. In the case that you have amapped surface mesh, try sweeping or extruding thesurface mesh to get a volume mesh.7069 Maximum number oflinear iterations reached The iterative linear system solver did not converge due to a bad initial guess or a bad preconditioner. Increase the limit on the number of linear iterations or use a better preconditioner. If possible, use a direct linear system solver.7081 No parameter namegiven The parametric solver does not find a name for the parameter. Check the Name of parameter edit field on the General page of the S olver Manager.7092 Out of memory inAlgebraic multigrid The Algebraic multigrid solver/preconditioner ran out of memory. See error 7144 regarding general memory-saving tips.7093 Out of memory duringback substitution The solver ran out of memory during back substitution. See error 7144 regarding general memory-saving tips.7094 Out of memory duringLU factorization The solver ran out of memory during LU factorization. See error 7144 regarding general memory-saving tips.7111 Singular matrix The system matrix (Jacobian matrix or stiffnessmatrix) is singular, so the solver cannot invert it.Usually this means that the system isunderdetermined. Check that all equations are fullyspecified and that the boundary conditions areappropriate. For instance, in a stationary model youusually need to have a Dirichlet condition on someboundary. A singular matrix could also occur if meshelements are of too low quality. If the minimumelement quality is less than 0.005 you might be introuble. Another reason for this error message is thatyou have different element orders for two variablesthat are coupled by, for example, a weak constraint.Use the same element order for all variables that arecoupled.7136 Very ill-conditionedpreconditioner. Therelative residual is morethan 1000 times largerthan the relativetolerance You need to improve the quality of the preconditioner to get an accurate solution. For the Incomplete LU preconditioner, lower the drop tolerance.7144 Out of memory inadaptive solver The adaptive solver ran out of memory. The adaptive mesh refinement has generated a too fine mesh. In general, when you run out of memory, try to use memory-efficient modeling techniques such asutilizing symmetries, solving models sequentially, and selecting memory-efficient solvers. See the chapter “Solving the Model” on page 377 in the COMSOL Multiphysics User’s Guide for more information. See also the COMSOL Installation and Operations Guide for information about system memory management.7145 Out of memory ineigenvalue solver The eigenvalue solver ran out of memory. See error 7144 regarding general memory-saving tips.7146 Out of memory instationary solver The stationary solver ran out of memory. See error 7144 regarding general memory-saving tips.7147 Out of memory intime-dependent solver The time-dependent solver ran out of memory. See error 7144 regarding general memory-saving tips. 7192 Invalid degree offreedom name in manualscaling The name of a dependent variable in the Manual scaling edit field on the Advanced page in the Solver Parameters dialog box does not match any of the dependent variables in the model.7199 Reordering failed One of the PARDISO reordering algorithms failed.Try a different reordering algorithm or try turning offrow preordering.7248 Undefined value found See the explanation of error 7043 for some possiblereasons as to why this error number appears. In mostsituations you get a more detailed description of theerror by pressing the Details button.7297 Undefined value found This error number appears if one of the linear systemsolvers encounters an undefined value (such valuesappear, for instance, if a division by zero has beenperformed or if some arithmetic operation results in alarger number than can be represented by thecomputer). For direct solvers this error might appearif the stiffness matrix (Jacobian matrix) is singular oralmost singular. For iterative solvers this error mightappear, for instance, if the iterative process diverges.Press the Details button to see which linear solvercaused the error.9000–9999 General ErrorsTABLE 2-6: GENERAL ERROR MESSAGESERRORNUMBERERROR MESSAGE EXPLANATION9037 Failed to initialize3D graphics.OpenGL not fullysupported OpenGL is not available on the computer. This can happen if your graphics card does not support OpenGL or if you have a Unix/Linux computer where OpenGL has not been configured.9040 Fatal error If you receive this error, click the Detail button. Copy andpaste the entire error message and send it tosupport@/doc/2c64f75dee06eff9aff80709.html along with your license file anddetails of how to reproduce the error.9052 Invalidaddress/port You did not enter the correct server name or server port when trying to connect a client to a server.9084 Server connectionerror The client somehow lost the connection to the server. For example, the server crashed unexpectedly, or the power saving mechanism on a laptop shut down the TCP/IP connection.9143 License error The most common reasons for this message:The license file license.dat has been removed from the rightdirectory in the COMSOL software installation. Thelicense.dat file must be located in the$COMSOL35a/license directory, where $COMSOL35a isthe COMSOL 3.5a installation directory.The license manager has not started properly. Please findthe FLEXlm log file (named by the person who started thelicense manager). Inspect this file to see the server status.Send it to support@/doc/2c64f75dee06eff9aff80709.html if you are in doubt abouthow to interpret this file.It is crucial that you use the correct license.dat file on boththe server and the clients9178 Error in callback An error occurred when calling a MATLAB function fromCOMSOL Multiphysics. Make sure that the M-file thatdefines the function is correct and exists in the current path.Check that the function is written so that all inputs arevectors of the same size and the output is a vector of thesame size.Solver Error MessagesThese error messages can appear during solution and appear on the Log tab in the Progress window.TABLE 2-7: SOLVER ERROR MESSAGES IN LOG WINDOWSOLVER ERRORMESSAGEEXPLANATIONCannot meet error tolerances. Increase absolute or relative tolerance. The time-dependent solver cannot solve the model to the specified accuracy.Error in residual computationError in Jacobian computation The evaluation of the residual or the Jacobian generated an error during a time-dependent solution. An additional message states the direct error. Some possible reasons are division by zero, range and overflow errors in mathematical functions, and interpolation failure in coupling variables withtime-dependent mesh transformation.Failed to find a solution The nonlinear solver failed to converge. An additional error message gives some more details. See the description for that message.Failed to find a solution for all parameters, even when using the minimum parameter step During a parametric solution, the nonlinear iteration did not converge despite reducing the parameter step length to the minimum allowed value. The solution may have reached a turning point or bifurcation point.Failed to find a solution for initial parameter The nonlinear solver failed to converge for the initial value of the parameter during a parametric solution. An additional error message gives some more details. See the description for that message. Failed to find consistent initial values The time-dependent solver could not modify the initial conditions given to a DAE system to satisfy the stationary equations at the initial time. Make sure the initial values satisfy the equations and boundary conditions. In many cases, this can be achieved by solving for only the algebraic variables using a stationary solver before starting thetime-dependent solver.Ill-conditioned preconditioner. Increase factor in error estimate to X The preconditioner is ill-conditioned. The error in the solution might not be within tolerances. To be sure to have a correct solution, open the Linear System Solver Settings dialog box from the General tab of Solver Parameters. Select Linear system solver in the tree, and increase Factor in error estimate to the suggested number X. Alternatively, use a better preconditioner or tune the settings for the preconditioner.Inf or NaN found, even when using the minimum damping factor Despite reducing the step size to the minimum value allowed, the solver cannot evaluate the residual or modified Newton direction at the new solution iterate. This essentially means that the currentapproximation to the solution is close to the boundary of the domain where the equations are well-defined. Check the equations for divisions by zero, powers, and other functions that can become undefined for certain inputs.Inverted mesh element near coordinates (x, y, z) In some mesh element near the given coordinates, the (curved) mesh element is (partially) warped inside-out. More precisely, the Jacobian matrix for the mapping from local to global coordinates has a negative determinant at some point. A possible reason is that the linear mesh contains a tetrahedron whose vertices all lie on a boundary. When improving the approximation of the boundary using curved mesh elements, the curved mesh element becomes inverted. To see whether this is the case, you can change Geometry shape order to 1 in the Model Settings dialog box, which means that curved mesh elements will not be used. You can usually avoid such bad tetrahedra by using a finer mesh around the relevant boundary. Another reason for this error message can be that the mesh becomes inverted when using a deformed mesh.Last time step is not converged. The last time step returned from the time-dependent solver is not to be trusted. Earlier time steps are within the specified tolerances.Matrix is singular When encountered during time-dependent solution:the linear system matrix (which is a linearcombination of the mass-, stiffness-, and possibly,damping-matrices) is singular. Usually the problemoriginates from the algebraic part of a DAE. Inparticular, the cause can often be found in weakconstraints or constraint-like equations like thecontinuity equation in incompressible flow.Maximum number of linear iterations reached The iterative linear system solver failed to compute a Newton direction in the specified maximum number of iterations.Maximum number of Newton iterations reached The nonlinear solver could not reduce the error below the desired tolerance in the specified maximum number of iterations. This is sometimes a sign that the Jacobian is not complete or badly scaled. It may even be almost singular, if the system is underdetermined. If the returned solution seems reasonable, it might be enough to restart the solver with this solution as the initial guess.No convergence, even when using the minimum damping factor The nonlinear solver reduced the damping factor below the minimum value allowed. The solver reduces the damping factor each time a computed step did not lead to a decrease in the error estimate. Make sure the model is well-posed, in particular that there are enough equations and boundary conditions to determine all degrees of freedom. If the model is well-posed, it should have one or more isolated solutions. In that case, the error is probably due to the initial guess being too far from any solution.Nonlinear solver did not converge During a time-dependent solution, the nonlinear iteration failed to converge despite reducing the time step to the minimum value allowed. Usually, the error is related to the algebraic part of a DAE. For example, the algebraic equations can have reached a turning point or bifurcation point. The error can also appear when the algebraic equations do not have a unique solution consistent with the given initial conditions. Make sure algebraic equations have consistent initial values and that they have a unique solution for all times and values reached by the other variables. Not all eigenvalues returned When the eigenvalue solver terminated (stopped by the user or due to an error), it had not found the requested number of eigenvalues. The eigenvalues returned can be trusted.Not all parameter After premature termination of the parametricsolver, only some of the requested solutions havesteps returned been computed.Predicted solution guess leads to undefined function value The solver computes the initial guess for the new parameter value based on the solution for the previous parameter value. This initial guess led to an undefined mathematical operation. Try using another Predictor on the Parametric tab of Solver Parameters.Repeated error test failures. May have reached a singularity. During a time-dependent solution, the error tolerances could not be met despite reducing the time step to the minimum value allowed.Returned solution has not converged. The solution returned by the stationary solver is not to be trusted. It might, however, be useful as initial guess after modifying equations or solver settings.The elasto-plastic solver failed to find a solution The Newton iteration loop for the computation of the plastic state at some point in the geometry did not converge.。
[警告错误信息]【错误和警告信息汇总】(此贴为复件,请勿回复)[复制链接]zsq-w管理员CIO仿真币33975阅读权限255 电梯直达1#发表于 2009-5-7 17:08:16 |只看该作者|倒序浏览本帖最后由 zsq-w 于 2009-6-2 17:11 编辑*************************错误与警告信息汇总*************************--------------简称《错误汇总》***ERROR***WARNING***二次开发%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @@@ 布局@@@ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&常见错误信息常见警告信息网格扭曲cdst udio斑竹总结的fortran二次开发的错误表%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @@@@@@ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&模型不能算或不收敛,都需要去monitor,msg文件查看原因,如何分析这些信息呢?这个需要具体问题具体分析,但是也存在一些共性。
这里只是尝试做一个一般性的大概的总结。
如果你看见此贴就认为你的warning以为迎刃而解了,那恐怕令你失望了。
不收敛的问题千奇万状,往往需要头疼医脚。
接触、单元类型、边界条件、网格质量以及它们的组合能产生许多千奇百怪的警告信息。
企图凭一个警告信息就知道问题所在,那就只有神仙有这个本事了。
一个warning出现十次能有一回参考这个汇总而得到解决了,我们就颇为欣慰了。
***SEVERE ERRORALIQUID FEED/PUMPAROUND TO THE TOP STAGE IS REQUIRED WHEN"Q1=0"IS SPECIFIED IN "COL-SPECS"; REQUIRED FEED/PUMPAROUND HASZERO FLOW.* WARNINGRESTOF BLOCK BYPASSED DUE TO SEVERE ERROR答:当在"冷凝器设定"中,塔顶冷凝器热负荷指定为0时,要求必须有顶层塔板液相进料或中段回流。
(否则就干板了)此错误为冷热物流输入错位,更换输入位置即可。
"COLD" STREAM IS HOTTER THAN "HOT" STREAMBLOCK BYPASSED错误,冷物流比热物流温度高。
TEMPERATURE CROSSOVER DETECTEDRE-CALCULATING WITH MINIMUM APPROACH TEMP. SPEC答:产生错误的原因是冷热流体的温度过于接近或是出现交叉,也就是计算过程中,换热器中某一管段冷流体的温度高于热流体的温度。
解决方法:1、看一个冷热流股接入模块时是否接反了,ASPEN中的换热模块对冷热流体的接出位置是有规定的,注意窗口左下方的提示。
2、检查一个换热器的设计规定,是不是传热量规定值过大、热流体出口温度过低或冷流体出口温度过高。
修改一下规定值。
每次算通之后,下次再打开的时候,却怎么也不收敛了答:1,给撕裂流赋初值即可。
或者打开apw文件,其中包含收敛信息的。
2,嗯,我今天有试了试,确实是初值的问题。
比如说,我分离甲醇,水,二甲醚,过程是这样的,甲醇经过汽化塔,然后进入反应器反应,反应后的产物进入精馏塔进行分离,塔顶出产品,塔底出甲醇水溶液,并回收甲醇。
我赋初值的时候,先算一遍,能算通,带上循环后也能算通,可是在算通之后,我改变精馏塔的回流比,发现塔底热负荷不变,流出物D和回流液L的关系也不对,我初始化之后再算,然后就对了,再次基础上再改变回流比,结果还是出现类似的问题,因此,我觉得初值的问题非常重要。
Fluent常见报错和计算错误Fluent 计算错误汇总:1. .fluent 不能显⽰图像在运⾏fluent 时,导⼊case 后,检查完grid,在显⽰grid 时,总是出现这样的错误Error message from graphics function Update_Display:Unable to Set OpenGL Rendering ContextError: FLUENT received a fatal signal SEGMENTA TION VIOLATION.Error Object: 解决办法:右键单击快捷⽅式,把⽬标由x:fluent.incntbinntx86fluent.exe改成:x:fluent.incntbinntx86fluent.exe 2d -driver msw如果还有三维的,可以再建⽴⼀个快捷⽅式改成:x:fluent.incntbinntx86fluent.exe 3d -driver msw这就可以直接调⽤了。
如果不是以上原因引起的话,也有可能是和别的软件冲突,如MATLAB 等,这也会使fluent ⽆法显⽰图像。
2:GAMBIT 安装后⽆法运⾏,出错信息是“unable find Exceed X Server”A. GAMBIT 需要装EXCEED 才能⽤。
gambit 的运⾏:先运⾏命令提⽰符,输⼊gambit,回车fluent 的运⾏:直接在开始-程序-Fluent Inc ⾥⾯3:Fluent 安装后⽆法运⾏,出错信息是“unable find/open license.datA. FLUENT 和GAMBIT 需要把相应license.dat ⽂件拷贝到FLUENT.INC/license ⽬录下4:出错信息:运⾏gambit 时提⽰找不到gambit ⽂件A. FLUENT 和GAMBIT 推荐使⽤默认安装设置,安装完GAMBIT 请设置环境变量,设置办法“开始-程序-FLUENT INC-Set Environment 另外设置完环境变量需要重启⼀下,否则仍会提⽰找不到环境变量。
arcgis常见拓扑错误修改步骤
2021-07-2622:17:54|分类:gis|举报|字号订阅
这一块终于有点眉目了,之前一直没机会做拓扑错误修改,实验过但是一直不知道怎么操作的,现在就把详细步骤写下来。
1,首先关上catalog在一目录文件夹下新建一个geodatabase
2,在gepdatabase下新建dataset,然后导入要进行拓扑关系检查的数据3,新建topology加入拓扑规则,全部的拓扑规则在下面附14,在arcmap中打开建立的拓扑,对常见的几种进行如下附图修改拓扑修改之前先打开editor
然后关上editor下面的moreeditingtools挑选topology
一、面不能相互重叠(mustnotoverlap)
修正方法存有以下几种:
1、可以直接修改要素节点去除重叠部分。
2、在错误上右键挑选merge,将重合部分分拆至其中一个面里。
二、面不能有缝隙(mustnothavegaps)
1、可以轻易修正要素节点除去重合部分。
2、在错误上右键选择createfeature,将缝隙部分生成一个新的要素,然后利用editor下的merge把生成的面合并到相邻的一个面里。
3D模型修复技术的使用教程及效果分析概述在三维建模和动画制作领域,3D模型修复技术起着至关重要的作用。
它能够修复由于实际数据收集的缺陷和局限性引起的3D模型错误,同时提供高质量、准确的3D模型。
本文将介绍3D模型修复技术的使用教程,以及评估其效果。
一、3D模型修复技术的定义3D模型修复技术是指为了保证3D模型质量和准确性而采取的各种方法和工具。
这些技术包括模型拓扑修复、孔洞修复、表面平滑处理、法线修复等。
它们都旨在改善3D模型的外观和功能。
二、3D模型修复步骤1. 模型检查:首先,进行3D模型的全面检查,查找并记录下存在的问题。
常见的问题包括面片重叠、非规则拓扑、孔洞、法线方向错误等。
2. 模型拓扑修复:拓扑修复是指对3D模型的网格结构进行优化和改善。
使用拓扑修复工具,可以解决非规则拓扑、过多的面片等问题。
优化后的拓扑结构可以提高模型的渲染效果和动画性能。
3. 孔洞修复:孔洞修复是指修复3D模型中的洞孔。
通过自动或手动修复孔洞,可以确保模型表面的连续性和完整性。
常用的孔洞修复工具可以自动检测并填补孔洞。
4. 表面平滑处理:表面平滑处理是指在3D模型的表面上应用算法以增强其视觉效果。
这可以通过增加面片数量、创建边缘平滑等方式实现。
表面平滑处理对于提高模型的真实感和质量至关重要。
5. 法线修复:法线修复是指修复3D模型中的法线方向错误。
错误的法线方向会导致光线照射和阴影效果不一致。
通过自动或手动修复法线方向,可以提高3D 模型的表现力和逼真度。
6. 材质和纹理修复:在3D模型中,材质和纹理起着至关重要的作用。
修复和改进材质和纹理可以提高3D模型的细节和视觉效果。
三、3D模型修复技术的效果分析1. 提高模型的质量和准确性:3D模型修复技术能够解决模型中的各种问题,从而提高模型的质量和准确性。
修复后的模型更加真实、细节丰富,可以满足现实世界中的要求。
2. 优化渲染效果和动画性能:通过修复3D模型的拓扑结构、孔洞以及应用表面平滑处理等方法,可以优化渲染效果和动画性能。
Blender中的模型修复技巧Blender是一款强大的三维建模和渲染软件,它可以用于创建各种类型的模型,从人物角色到建筑物,甚至是复杂的机械部件。
然而,当处理复杂模型时,很容易遇到一些拓扑问题或者几何错误。
本文将介绍一些Blender中常用的模型修复技巧,帮助解决这些问题。
模型修复技巧之一是填补中空面。
当我们在建模过程中遇到一个有缺口或两个失联的面时,会导致模型无法正确渲染或者进行材质贴图。
Blender提供了一个快捷的方式来填补这些中空面。
选中模型后,按下“F”键,Blender将自动创建一个新的面连接两侧的边。
模型修复技巧之二是修复不能合并或连接的顶点。
在某些情况下,我们在模型中可能会有重复的顶点,这些顶点无法正常合并或连接。
为了解决这个问题,可以选中模型并进入编辑模式。
选择所有的顶点并按下“W”键,选择“去除重复顶点”,Blender将自动删除重复的顶点,并将邻近的顶点合并在一起。
模型修复技巧之三是解决曲面模型的法线问题。
曲面模型的法线是决定光照效果的重要因素,但有时候法线可能会出现错误。
通过进入编辑模式选择整个模型,按下“Ctrl+N”,Blender将自动调整法线的方向,确保一致的光照效果。
模型修复技巧之四是处理重叠的几何体。
在一些情况下,模型中可能会存在重叠的几何体,这会导致渲染时出现不正确的效果。
为了修复这个问题,可以选中模型并进入编辑模式,选择所有的几何体并按下“Ctrl+M”,选择“合并”选项,Blender将自动将重叠的几何体合并为一个。
模型修复技巧之五是修复不连续的边或面。
在建模过程中,有时候我们可能会意外地创建了不连续的边或面,这会导致模型在渲染时显示不正常。
为了修复这个问题,可以选中模型并进入编辑模式,通过选择相关的边或面,然后按下“F”键或者“隐藏”选项,来补全或者删除不连续的边或面。
这些是Blender中常用的模型修复技巧,帮助解决各种拓扑问题或者几何错误。
当我们在建模过程中遇到这些问题时,可以尝试使用这些技巧修复模型,以确保最终渲染出的图像或动画效果达到预期效果。
快速复原错误:Blender常见建模问题解决Blender是一款功能强大的开源三维建模软件,广泛用于动画制作、游戏开发和虚拟现实等领域。
然而,对于初学者来说,使用Blender进行建模可能会遇到一些常见的问题。
本文将介绍一些常见的问题以及相应的解决方法,帮助读者更快地复原错误。
问题一:模型的表面出现了奇怪的凹陷这个问题通常是由于模型中存在面法向量(即法线)的问题。
在Blender中,面法线的朝向非常重要,因为它们决定了渲染时的光照效果。
如果模型的面法线朝向不正确,就会导致表面出现凹陷的现象。
解决方法:选中出现问题的模型,进入编辑模式(按Tab键),选择所有面(按A键),然后按Ctrl+N键重新计算法线方向。
这样,模型的表面应该会恢复正常。
问题二:模型的边缘锐化效果与预期不符在进行细节调整时,我们通常会使用边缘锐化技术来加强模型的细节。
然而,有时边缘锐化效果可能与我们预期的不符,导致模型失去平滑的外观。
解决方法:选中需要进行边缘锐化的边缘,进入属性面板(按N 键),在“Transform”选项卡中找到“Mean Crease”选项。
将其值调整为大于0的数值,通常在0.4-0.6之间。
这样,选择的边缘就会产生明显的锐化效果,而其他边缘则保持平滑。
问题三:模型的拓扑结构不理想拓扑结构是指模型的面、边和顶点之间的关系。
一个好的拓扑结构可以使模型更易于动画和渲染,并且能够更好地保持细节。
然而,有时我们在建模过程中可能会造成拓扑结构混乱的问题。
解决方法:使用Blender的“重拓扑”(Retopology)工具来重新创建模型的拓扑结构。
选择需要进行重拓扑的模型,进入工具面板(按T 键),在“Tools”选项卡中找到“Retopology”选项。
使用线框或者画笔工具来重新绘制模型的拓扑结构,确保面、边和顶点之间的关系更为合理。
问题四:模型的UV贴图显示不正确UV贴图是用于给模型上色、添加纹理和细节的重要工具。
PROE破面修补一修复曲面组边界(fix the Quilt Boundaries)使用修复曲面组边界(fix the Quilt Boundaries),将曲面组的几乎相切的多段边界用一条边界来取代,指令如下:1.选择Feature-->Redefine,然后选择输入的曲面,弹出REDEF IMPT菜单.2.选择Heal Geometry-->manual-->Fix Bndries-->Fis Quilt Bndry,系统会检查所有的黄色单侧边界,并以高亮橙色显示哪些边界段由多段几乎相切的边界组成, 它们的端点会以红色显示,Fix Quilt BNDRY菜单有如下选项:==>Unsel chain-选择你不想让系统修复的边界,以高亮红色显示.==>Done-继续当前选择.==>Quilt-退出当前选择并返回REDEF IMPT菜单.3.选择Don,系统开始修复所有的高亮边界,除了那你已移除的边界.编辑边界(Edit Boundary).1.选择Feature-->Redfine,然后选择输入面特征,便会弹出REDEF IMPT菜单.2.选择Heal Geometry-->Fix Bndries-->Edit Bndry,然后选择你想编辑边界的面,弹出EDIT BNDRY菜单,并且同时弹出一个具有如下选项的CHAIN OPT菜单.Select All-->选择所选的面的所有封闭环边界.From To-->选择在曲上的两个端点间的边界.3.从CHAIN OPT菜单中选择一个选项,要编辑边界的曲面的边界链会以红色显示.4.从EDIT BNDRY菜单中选择一个选项.5.从EDIT BNDRY菜单中选择一个选项.6.选Sel Surface以编辑另一曲面,或Done/Return以完成.EDIT BNDRY菜单项Creat--弹出CREATE菜单,在曲面上创建一条新的边界链.Modify--弹出Modify菜单,更改边界链.Display Domain--允许你以纲格显示区域曲面.Delete--从边界链中移除一条边界,选择边界链的两个端点或选择橙色边界.你必须用一个开放边界链来取代一个开放边界链,用一个封闭的边界链来取代一个封闭的边界链.Combine(组合)-选择两条边界链以组合成一条边界链.Undolast-复原上次的EDIT BNDRY菜单的操作(例如,创建,修改,删除或组合(Combine)).Preview-在执行指行前显示更改的结果.Geom Check-获得对有问题区域的有关信息.创建一条边界链如果你在EDIT BNDRY菜单中选择了Create,则一个具有如下选项的创建菜单会弹出:Project-通过将一个曲线或边界链投影到曲面以创建一条边界.Make Isoline-通过创建一条通过参考点的ISO线来创建一条边界.如果你选择了这个选项,会在参考点出现一个红色的箭头,指向一个可能的ISO方向,并弹一个ISO DIR菜单,它的选项如下:ACCEPT-接受显示的方向Next-反向红色箭头Comnect-通过连按两个或更多的点来创建一条边界.Insersect-用一个选择曲面与另一曲面面相交产生的交线创建一条边界.修改现有的边界链如果你在EDIT BNDRY菜单中选择修改(Modify),便会弹出MODIFY EDGS菜单,它具有如下选项:Straighten-用一条简单的面点边界来取代一条边界链.Marge Edges-将子链合并成一条连续边界,选择整个边界链的边界或两个端点以定义边界链的范围.Move Vertex-将一个边界链的端点移到一个新的参考点,在该点的边界会被拉直并且原先定义的边界相切条件亦会被移除.Set Tan Gond-设置或改变边界的相切条件.边界的起点和终点会用相应的箭头来标识.会弹出一个MODIFY EDGS菜单,它具有如下选项:==>Start-在边界的起点处定义相切.==>End-在边界的终点处定义相切.==>Tangent-点使边界在选择端点处与参考相切.如果有几个可能的参考可以和边界相切,则系统会高亮显示其中一条并弹出一个Choose菜单.使用Next和Preuious 以选取可能的参考.然后选择Accept,并在DIRECTION菜单中选Flip或OKay所指定相切的方向.==>Normal-使边界在选择端点处与参考垂直,选择参考和方向的过程与相切的差不多.==>Free-移除边界在选择端点处的相切或垂直条件.==>Divide-将边界在选择点处分成两段,在分成的两子链间没有定义相切条件.二关于修整输入几何在你从其它CAD系统输入几何前,你先要通过以下方法以确保转换的精度:设定合适的配置选项.选择合适的绝对精度以确保转换的成功.绝对精度是基于零件尺寸和需要保留的输入特征中的最小的边. (Absolute accuracy)当你输入几何后自动或手动修整曲面.如果需创建Pro/E参数化几何来缝上间隙或孔,则将这些特征(Collapse)收缩入输入特征以便封闭输入几何.自动或手动修整.自动修整功能可在需要最少的用户干涉下通过重构线框(wirefrome)面来修补曲面组,其结果是得到的几何具有较高精度和一致性,但会有可能改变了输入曲面的参数.如果你需要保留某个输入面的参数,用Manual>FixBndries菜单里的Zip Gaps(缝上间隙)或Edit Boundary(编辑边界).收缩几何(Collapseny Geometry当自动或手动修整曲面后,在输入特征也许有丢失的面块或遇到不可修复的几何, 当删除这些不可修复面并再创建丢失的几何时,可使用Collapse Geometry(收缩几何来将参数几何收入输入特征).收缩几何的特征选择方法特征如曲面组.曲线.基准曲线.基准面.基准点,和基准轴都可以收入到目标输入特征.实体(Solid)和组/陈列特征及在输入特征前创建的几何不能收入.当将选择的特征收缩后(Collapsed),它们便会在特征列表(Feature list)及模型树中删除.如果选择的特征有孩子,你能需选择是将附属的特征加入到目标或以后再处理.手动复位义输入特征我们建议你按如下步骤来进行手工复位义输入特征.在这个过程中,你应经常储存你的工作,如果有的曲面不能以这个工具修补,将它们放到一个层中并隐藏起来.1.选择要复位义的输入特征.2.分辩出不可修复的曲面(如自相交曲面,重合面,非正确几何曲面等).3.选择(Geom checks(几何检查)及注意诊断,修复溢出几何(Overlapping)及重合几何(Coincident geometry).4.选择Heal Geometry>manual?Fix Bndries>Zip Gaps,弹出Sel Chain菜单.5.用如下方法选择要缝合间隙(Zipping gaps)的单侧边界Auto Select(自动选取),你也许要改变MaxCtapDist的值(渐变),来获得更准确的结果.6.选择Zip Gaps(缝合边界),查看结果并决定是否接受纲格显示的曲面.7.选择Geom Check(几何检查)和注意诊断(diagnostic)根据在Geom Checks中的建议修复溢出(Overlapping)或自相交(self inlesecting曲面).8.选择(Heal Geometry>manual>Fix Bndries>Edit Bndry.9.编辑面块的边界以利于曲面组的相交和闭合.10.选择Geom checks及注意诊断,修复溢出几何,自相交和非法面块及顶点问题.11.选择Heal Geometry>Manual>Fix Bndries>Fixvertices以自相交校正坏端点.12.选择Heal Geometry>Manual>Fix Bndries>Fix Tangency以自动修复面的边界的相切,如果自动选不上用手工选择.13.选取Geom Check并注意看诊断,除了和曲面组边界有关的外应没有几何检查,但如果它们依然存在,按Geom check里所建议的方法对它们进行修复.14.选择Heal Geometry>manual>Fix Bndries>Edit Bndry来消除余下的几何检查(Geom checks).15.选取Heal Geometry>manual>Fix Bndries>Edit Bndry来消除余下的几何检查(Geom checks).16.如果在曲面组中有洞,选取REDEF IMPT>Collapse Geom以将它们封上.三修复输入特征的建议工具及途径.以下的技术对你修复有少量不可修复问题几何的输入特征有很大帮助.0 使用分析工具获得有关问题几何的有关信息.要高亮显示参数有问题的曲面,可将曲面用纲格显示.如果U和V方向的纲格在曲面上是几条平行的,这便是一个具有坏参数的小曲面.要获得Max Gap Dist值的准确设置值,可以量度曲面边界和顶点的距离.0 如果以某个特殊的几何没有几何推测(Geom check).将问题区域分离出来,用修复边界(fixing edge)来每个修复,如果还有问题,按如下步骤进行.0 如果在某部份区域有曲面溢出,但又需保留它们,则.使用Edit Boundary来创建一个公共边.0 如果用Fix Bndries(修复边界)不能修复一个边界或顶点:将沿边界的一个曲面移除,并用Pro/E创建一个参数特征,再用新面和输入特征后合并.要分清要移除的曲面,你需用分析工具(Analysis)来获取没有问题边界的有关信息.你应将有最差不连续且最易再创建的曲面删除.0 如果不能输入某个曲面用相邻的边界再造一个面.0 合并独立的曲面组曲面或合并(merge)能将曲面组合并为为一个曲面组,当使用这个功能时,你不能合并曲面组的一条内部边.也就是说,你不能将一个曲面组与它自己合并.然而,在使用了Jion Surfs后,在模型中依然有黄边出现,则黄边有可能便是曲面组的内部边界(Interal),因此你便不能用Surfaces和Merge.SEL CHAIN菜单选项Auto Select选项根据MaxGapDist或MaxDihedral的值对所有的有问题边界进行自动选取,当正在选取时,系统会给你提示进度及一个Stop(停止)标记.使用stop标记你可在选择过程的任何时候中断它.一旦选择完成后,所选的边界便会以高亮的蓝色显示,你可以用Sel Chain, Single或chain手工增加更多的边界.如果你对选择的结果不满意,你可重设选择的标准值并再次使用Auto Setect,随着选择范围的最大值的增加,在选择中会导致更大的间隙(在缝上间隙时)或更大的二面角(在修复相切时)都会被选上.MAZ V ALUE菜单选项Default(缺省)-使用缺省值.Enter-在缝合间隙(Zipping gaps)中可使你输入希望的边界或顶点间的间距,在修复相切中(fixing tangency)中则为最大的二面角.修补破烂面的边界.有时候输入的特征会出现有一大堆问题,如形态架构不一致(inconsistencies);点线未校齐(misalignments);或者几何图素不连续(discontinuties in geometric enties).PROE提供有解决上述问题的方法.其一:在输入特征时,利用配置文件-- (config.pro)的设置修补某些问题边界,其二:重新定义特征,手动整理修补破烂面一.config.pro的设置有如下选项:fix_boundaries_on_import yes缝合裂缝以及相切性校正.intf3d_in_close_open_boundarie) yes连接现存边界的终点补齐开放的面二.重新定义特征修补破烂面的边界.步骤:Feature-->Redefine-->Heal Geometry-->Manual-->Fix BndriesFix Options菜单有如下选项:Zip Gaps:合拢面与面之间的裂缝以便面能够相连接.Fix Tangency:使面沿被选择的边界相切.只能在小角度(小于10o)范围内定义相切,另外,系统不会自动选择有裂缝的边界进行相切处理.使用此选项的好处是在曲面组中是真正的缝齐并有确定的端点.Fix Quilt Bndry:将一多线段的曲面组边界整合成单一边界.但是只有相切的线段才有可能合并.Edit Bndry:手工调整某一曲面的待修理边界.Fix Vertices:移动顶点以便更好的对齐.1.删除与移除曲面.修补边界之前,可能需要删除(Delete).移走(Exelude)某些几何图素.删除了的几何图素,如点,基准面,基准曲线,或曲面,是不能够再次恢复的.如果想undo,只能取檔.移除曲面(Excluding Surface)的作用是使某些相交的曲面移走,成为单个不相交曲面,曲面边界显示为黄色.图del_excl_surf-1图del_excl_surf-2有些情况下,删除一个面,再重新做一个面,比调整边界,缝合裂缝来得更迅速.漂亮.但是,删除的面尽量选平面,以避免图形失真.2.缝合裂缝以及定义相切.Zip Gaps的基本步骤:1).Feature-->Redefine输入的特征.2).Meal Geometry-->Manual-->Fix Bndries-->Zip Gaps-->Sel chain.选择想要缝合的曲面的边界,Done Sel,Done;接着选择另一组边界,Done Sel,Done.这时系统会显示最大裂缝值,以及曲面角度值范围.这条信息很重要,能够确定最大裂缝距离(Max Gap Dist)是否要增大.如果显示为"Gap within tolerance",就没有必要加大Max Gap Dist.如果显示Maximum gap:*.**",那幺不调整Max Gap Dist 值超过此值,系统不会缝合裂缝.3).Zip Gaps-->Accept.如果Accept,裂缝合拢,并不可undo. Fix Tangency步骤基本如上.只不过MaxDihedral值代表两曲面在边界处的最大角度.Max Dihehal范围从0。
仿真收敛问题一、首先要介绍一下Simulation Settings下的Option选项。
如下图所示。
RELTOL:设置计算电压和电流时的相对精度。
VNTOL:设置计算电压时的精度。
ABSTOL:设置计算电流时的精度。
CHGTOL:设置计算电荷时的精度。
GMIN:电路模拟分析中加于每个支路的最小电导。
ITL1:在DC分析和偏置点计算时以随机方式进行迭代次数上限。
ITL2:在DC分析和偏置点计算时根据以往情况选择初值进行的迭代次数上限。
ITL4:瞬态分析中任一点的迭代次数上限,注意,在SPICE程序中有ITL3任选项,PSpice 软件中则未采用ITL3。
TNOM:确定电路模拟分析时采用的温度默认值。
Use GMIN stepping to improve convergence:在出现不收敛的情况时,按一定方式改变GMIN参数值,以解决不收敛的问题。
在最新版本16.3中,有一个AutoConverge Options选择项,如下图所示,当我们选中这个选项时,系统会自动增加迭代次数,降低精度要求等以达到使我们的仿真收敛的目的。
关于PSpice仿真不收敛的一些解决方法(续)总的来说,解决不收敛的问题主要有以下几种方案:(1)增加迭代次数,即增加ITL1,ITL2和ITL4的值。
(2)设置电路初始条件,使用NODESET命令。
(3)放宽仿真精度要求对于具体的应用,这几种方法要综合使用,方能达到效果。
以后有机会贴一些例子上来。
收敛问题的本质及解决办法(转)在大家用软件仿真的时候总会碰到不收敛这个问题...这个问题.有时候解决起来很麻烦...有的情况下根本没办法解决...今天看到这篇文章,我就把它转下给大家共享下...HE HE...下面是以HSPICE为例.其实也是和别的SPICE内核的软件一样...希望对大家有帮助...用hspice仿真电路,不收敛怎么办?Hspice仿真电路不收敛,说白了就是就是计算机解矩阵解不出来了。
Abaqus常见的错误和解决方法Fixed time is too largeToo many attamps have been madeTHE SOLUTION APPEARS TO BE DIVERGING.CONVERGENCE ISJUDGED UNLIKELY.Time increment required is less than the minimum specified这样的信息几乎是无用信息(除了告诉你的模型分析失败以外,没有告诉你任何有用的东西)。
宜再查找别的信息来考察。
根据经验,改小增量步也不一定能收敛,虽然也有人报告过改好的先例,我是从来没有遇到过,也从来没有那个奢望。
所以我一般从模型的设置入手。
必须说明的是:Error和warning的性质是完全不同的。
Error意味着运算失败,but出现warning可能还能算,而且有些运算必定会出现warning(比如接触分析必定出“负特征值”,下有详述)。
很多警告只是通知性质的,或者只是说明一下而已,不一定都是模型有问题。
比如以下warning完全可以忽略:xxxxx will (not)printed,这种只是通知你一声,某些玩意儿不输出了。
还有:The parameter frequency cannot be used with the parameter field. It will be ignored(都说某某被ignored了).A系列如果模型能算,且结果合理,那么大部分警告信息可以不管。
但是以下除外:1 numerical sigularity(数值奇异):刚体位移(欠约束)solver problem. numerical sigularity when processing node105 instancepile D.O.F. 1 ratio=1.735e132 Zero pivot(零主元):过约束或者欠约束。
快速修复模型漏洞:Blender常见修复技巧Blender是一款功能强大且广受欢迎的三维建模软件。
在使用Blender进行模型制作时,经常会遇到模型出现的漏洞或错误。
这些问题可能会导致模型无法正常渲染或出现意料之外的变形。
为了解决这些问题,我们需要掌握一些常见的修复技巧。
本文将介绍一些Blender中常用的修复模型漏洞的技巧,并且将直入主题,避开不必要的废话。
1. 修复非法三角面在Blender中,模型通常是由三角形(三角面)或四边形(四边面)组成。
然而,有时候我们会遇到非法三角面,即两个或多个顶点共面。
这种情况下会导致模型渲染出错或出现意料之外的形变。
为了修复非法三角面,我们可以使用Blender的"三角面"工具。
在编辑模式下,选择需要修复的顶点,然后按下Ctrl+T组合键将其转换为三角形。
2. 修复漏洞边缘当我们在Blender中创建模型时,有时候会遇到漏洞边缘的问题。
漏洞边缘是指模型中存在未连接的顶点或未封闭的边缘。
这种情况下,渲染器可能无法正确处理这些边缘,导致模型出现问题。
为了修复漏洞边缘,我们可以使用Blender的"填充"工具。
在编辑模式下,选择需要修复的边缘,然后按下F键将其填充。
如果存在多个未封闭的边缘,可以通过选择多个边缘并按下F键进行批量填充。
3. 修复倒向面在模型制作过程中,有时候会不小心创建了倒向面。
倒向面是指法线方向与模型表面相反的面。
这种情况下,渲染器可能无法正确渲染模型,导致模型看起来有问题。
为了修复倒向面,我们可以使用Blender的"反向面"工具。
在编辑模式下,选择需要修复的面,然后按下Ctrl+N组合键将其反向。
如果存在多个倒向面,可以通过选择多个面并按下Ctrl+N进行批量反向。
4. 修复交叉面有时候,在模型制作过程中会遇到交叉面的问题。
交叉面是指两个或多个面相交或相互交叉的情况。
这种情况下,渲染器可能无法正确处理这些面,导致模型出现奇怪的变形或渲染错误。
3D打印中常见的模型修复技巧随着3D打印技术的不断发展,越来越多的人开始将其应用于各个领域。
然而,在使用3D打印机制作模型时,我们常常会遇到一些问题,例如模型出现缺陷、断裂或者细节不够清晰等。
这时,我们就需要运用一些模型修复技巧来解决这些问题。
一、填补缺陷在3D打印过程中,模型可能会出现一些缺陷,例如表面不光滑、孔洞或者凹陷等。
为了修复这些问题,我们可以使用填补技巧。
填补技巧包括两个主要步骤:填充和修整。
首先,我们可以使用3D建模软件来填充缺陷区域,将缺陷部分补充完整。
然后,使用修整工具,如砂纸或者刀具,来修整填充的部分,使其与原始模型的表面保持一致。
二、连接断裂有时,3D打印的模型可能会出现断裂的情况。
为了修复这种问题,我们可以使用连接技巧。
连接技巧包括两个主要步骤:定位和粘合。
首先,我们需要将断裂的部分定位到正确的位置上,确保其与原始模型的形状和角度相匹配。
然后,使用适当的粘合剂将断裂的部分粘合在一起。
在选择粘合剂时,我们需要考虑到材料的性质和模型的用途,以确保粘合的牢固性和持久性。
三、增强细节有时,3D打印的模型可能会出现细节不够清晰的情况,例如边缘模糊或者细节丢失。
为了增强这些细节,我们可以使用增强技巧。
增强技巧包括两个主要步骤:修整和添加。
首先,使用修整工具,如砂纸或者刀具,来修整模型的边缘,使其更加锐利和清晰。
然后,使用3D建模软件或者其他工具,添加额外的细节,例如纹理、图案或者雕塑,以增强模型的视觉效果。
四、平滑表面在3D打印过程中,模型的表面可能会出现不光滑的情况,例如层次感或者痕迹。
为了平滑模型的表面,我们可以使用平滑技巧。
平滑技巧包括两个主要步骤:修整和涂层。
首先,使用修整工具,如砂纸或者刀具,来修整模型的表面,去除层次感和痕迹。
然后,使用适当的涂层材料,如喷漆或者清漆,来涂覆模型的表面,使其更加光滑和均匀。
总结3D打印中常见的模型修复技巧包括填补缺陷、连接断裂、增强细节和平滑表面等。
1、几何清理清除不必要的细小特征:孔倒角调用多个CPU2、由点确定矢量方向3 RROR # 2502A fatal error has been detected during input processing:*** ERROR # 2502 ***Element 549700 had incorrect node numbering sequence and needs renumbering.***** ERROR ENCOUNTERED BEFORE COMPLETING THE CHECK RUN ***** (1)一般发生在修改网格之后,再删除原来的网格的时候没有将element549700删掉,使得该单元上的节点与后来划分的网格的节点出现矛盾冲突;先利用find id=549700删掉该单元Save found -----F5-mask------retrieve(选择保存的)------reverse(反选)------mask----只显示549700单元了4 *** ERROR # 1237 ***CHEXA element number 26323 references a missing property ID 23or uses property of incorrect type for this element type.(1)由于property ID 23(23号属性定义有问题),没有定义一个正确的单元类型;(2)这个地方容易没有填,注意注意(3)网格划分的质量也有可能出现这个问题,重新划分网格可以消除该错误。
(网格画小)5*** ERROR # 2203 ***Error(s) encountered during element check***** Element Quality Check Failed - error limits violation *****NOTE : To bypass element quality checks (except essential validity checks)use PARAM,CHECKEL,NO. This may, however, cause very poor results.(1)单元质量不好6 *** ERROR # 312 ***In static load case 1the compliance is negative or large 1.875471E+13Optimization/buckling analysis cannot be performeddue to possible rigid body modeFEASIBLE DESIGN (ALL CONSTRAINTS SA TISFIED).(1)弹簧没建好;网格划分的不好节点不重合7 *** FATAL ERROR # 8111 ***vfileio:: Failed write for file[0], i/o 16384/0,name=./dl32_DESIGN_TRUE_3load_parame_2624_00.scr. This is likely caused by insufficient disk space*** ERROR # 151 ***Error accessing the scratch files:error encountered in subroutine "xdslif"Solver error no. = -110index = 1This may be caused by insufficient disk space or some othersystem resource related limitations.(e.g. The Operating System or NFS cannot handle file size > 2 GB.)This error was detected in subroutine prepslv4.(1)主要原因就是内存不足,将该文件的工作目录下的不必要文件删掉或者是移走释放该硬盘下的文件,释放内存就OK*** ERROR # 1479 ***8 *** ERROR # 1000 ****** ERROR # 1000 *** in the input data:Incorrect data in field # 3.Detected while reading line 52569 from fileE:/MyResearch/hypermesh/2013-2-20-5question.fem:"CHEXA 4341 0 5272 5271 5275 5274 5843 5846"This line was interpreted as:52569:CHEXA, 4341, 0, 5272, 5271, 5275, 5274, 5843, 5846Expected INT > 0, found INTEGER (0).Syntax error(s) found in bulk data 'CHEXA' card.Following error/warning messages appeared too many timesand were suppressed:1000 1494Total of 9979 repeat error message(s) were suppressed.To see more messages use "MSGLMT" control card in the data or config file.(1)主要原因:component定义的property定义出现问题,可能component没有附上property;可以将显示设置为,这样看是否有未付属性的区域(显示为灰色)9 *** ERROR # 23 ***ID 1 used on Case Control data SPC or SPCADD is missing in bulk data.(1)主要原因:constraint,或者是load的定义为空,就是没有数值;解决方法:将其他的collector隐藏,只显示load collector,查找到未定义的load就定义上就Ok了(2)在定义loadstep时SPC是约束,LOAD是载荷,注意可能这里弄反了10创建节点集即节点sets11*** ERROR # 192 ***(1)优化设计的topology中优化最小尺寸定义的太小,改大一些可以解决12 *** ERROR # 842 ***DTPL or DSIZE card with simultaneous PA TRN and MASTER is not supported.violated DTPL or DSIZE id = 2(1)设计区域不能同时支持模式重复和对称约束13 *** ERROR # 729 ***Any design property can only be referenced by one DTPL or DSIZE card. multi-referenced property id = 8 (1)设计区域不支持区域的重复。