地质专业英语论文

地质专业英语结课论文

题目：Mining and geological hazards

系 别 13级地科系

班 级 资源勘查1班

学生姓名 张政

学 号 *********

指导教师 夏奎菊

Mining and geological hazards

The rapid economic development and production need to speed up the demand

for minerals and consumption, which also brings greater opportunities for

the development of mineral mining enterprises. However due to the rapid

development of lax management of small and medium-sized mines, plus the

small mines, mining and mineral processing technology is backward, most

of the environmental protection measures, exacerbated by the destruction

of the environment in the mining area. A marked deterioration in the mining

environment and geological disasters in mining issues is becoming more

and more serious, potential disaster risks are increasing, and may at any

time development of disaster, causing a scrap casualties, equipment and

facilities damaged or even the closure of the mine, the waste of resources

and serious consequences.

Main types of geological hazards in mines

There are many different kinds of mine geological disasters, according

to the relationship between disaster and time can be divided into sudden

mine geological disasters (such as mine water inrush, gas explosion, rock

burst, etc.) and delayed mine geological disasters (such as goaf ground

deformation, environmental pollution, etc.). But the most common is the

classification of the spatial distribution and genetic relationship of

disaster. .

1. deformation disasters of rock and soil

Mine ground and Goaf Collapse mainly occurred in underground mine. In mine

goaf, if retained pillar insufficient, or because of damage of pillar and

lose the ability to support, will cause ground subsidence. Especially

those ore bodies buried in shallow, producing a more gentle mining area

(such as coal mine), the phenomenon of the ground collapse is more common.

Ore bodies buried at relatively deep underground mining, if not timely backfill and caving goaf. When it reaches a certain scale will produce

the large area of collapse. In addition, in the karst area, but also

because of mine drainage drainage drainage and lead to the collapse of

the cave above the ground. Ground subsidence not only destroy arable land,

buildings and damaged roads, reservoir, but also a direct result of Mines

some underground roadway disrepair, or make atmospheric precipitation and

surface water along the fracture collapse poured into the pit, causing

flooding accident well until shutdown.

Stope slope instability, landslide and rockfall is the main reason is the

unreasonable mining, such as mining excessive skin disorders, slope angle

caused by steep, the disaster occurred in the open pit mining of non

metallic mines and building materials, mining.

Pit rock burst pit in the rock burst is also called the mines impact. This

is because around the pit and the top floor rock, after being subjected

to the strong crustal stress and are strongly compressed, once mining

hollowed out because of the free surface, may produce rock stress sudden

release, resulting in large amounts of rock burst into pieces, and to the

pit a considerable amount of spray, decrepitation and mines to bring

hazards and disasters.

Mining induced earthquakes are caused by mining activity, which is caused

by the earthquake, the source is shallow, the harm is big, the small

magnitude earthquake can cause the underground and the surface of the

earth's surface.

A library database instability instability is mainly due to the collapse

of the tailings dam break and harm caused by the formation of debris flow.

Tailings dam break accident often brings great harm to the life and

property of mining area residents, but also cause huge damage and

pollution to the environment.

2, the underground water level change caused by the disaster

Mine water bursting water which is the most common mine disasters, sudden, large scale, serious consequences. Production process often of mine water

inflow estimation problem because of the, mining process through old

workings, through permeable fault, sudden encounter water cave or

underground river, resulting in groundwater or surface water influx,

caused by mine flooded and casualties in disaster.

Pit mud and sand bursting which is often accompanied with mine water

bursting disaster. When the mining process in sudden encounter water cave,

common in the cave filling sediment and debris with groundwater together

with the influx of, also some permeable faults and cracks often make

Shallow Quaternary sediments with leakage surface runoff into the pit.

The result is the tunnel is blocked on the sediment, machines, workers