心血管内科常用英文Symptoms 症状chest distress胸闷dyspnoea呼吸困难：paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea breathlessness 气促a poor effort tolerancecough咳嗽palpitation 心悸precordial chest pain心前区胸痛retrosternally chest pain 胸骨后胸痛precipitation by exertion, promptly relief by rest or sublingual nitratea sense of oppression or tightness in the chest - like a band around the chest patients may close a hand around the throat ,put a hand or clenched fist on the sternummay radiate to the neck or jar, accompanied by discomfort in the arms(referred pain)occasionally epigastric or interscapular 上腹部的/肩胛间的sense of impending death 濒死感autonomic disturbance including sweating, nausea, vomitingSigns 体征Vital signs 生命体征blood pressure (systolic/diastolic, pulse pressure脉压):hypertension/hypotensionpulse rate 脉律: regular/irregulardropped beat脉搏短绌respitatory rate : tachypnea呼吸急促/ respiration ceases呼吸停止temperature: fever /clammy peripheries 四肢湿冷cyanosis 发绀loss of consciousness，unconsciousness意识丧失tic of limbs四肢抽搐gatism，urinary and fecal incontinence大小便失禁cardiac apex (4/5th ICS-MCL or displaced laterally) 心尖palpable liftthrill 震颤cardiac dilatation心脏扩大large right atrium 右房大dilated left ventricle 左室大beats per minute ,bpm (heart rate) 心率: tachycardia/bradycardia, regular/irregular rhythmheart sounds: S1,S2,S3,S4gallop奔马律, systolic click收缩期卡嗒音, opening snap(二尖瓣)开瓣音, pericardial knock 心包叩击音heart murmur 心脏杂音systolic/diastolic/continousgrade 1-5crescendo/decrescendo 递增/递减radiationlocationpitch音调quality 性质pericardial friction rub，pericardial rub心包摩擦音inspiratory crepitations over the lung bases, basal crackles 肺底湿啰音wheezing rale 哮鸣音cardiomegaly 心脏肥大elevated venous pressuredistention of jugular vein，jugular filling，jugular varicosity颈静脉怒张/充盈hepatojugular reflux sign肝颈静脉回流征ascites 腹水edema of lower extremity下肢水肿Hypertensive disease高血压病sphygmomanometer；blood pressure gauge，BPG血压计stethoscope听诊器hypertensionprimary hypertensionsecondary hypertensionchronic kidney disease, CKDdrugs: non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug，NSAID非甾体类抗炎药glucocorticosteroids糖皮质激素mineral corticoid ，MCH盐皮质激素oral contraceptives口服避孕药adrenomimetic拟肾上腺素药monoamine oxidase inhibitor单胺氧化酶抑制剂tricyclic antidepressant;TCA三环类抗抑郁药immunodepressant免疫抑制剂（如ciclosporin环孢素）erythropoietin，EPO 促红细胞生成素hyperthyrea, hyperthyroidism, hyperthyrosis甲状腺功能亢进primary hyperaldosteronism原发性醛固酮增多症adrenal cortical hyperplasia肾上腺皮质增生症chromaffin-cell tumor，chromaffinom，medullosuprarenoma，phaeochromocytoma，PCC嗜铬细胞瘤sleep apnea syndrome睡眠呼吸暂停综合征diabetes mellitus糖尿病coarctation of aorta，COA主动脉缩窄white coat hypertensionisolated systolic hypertension 单纯收缩期高血压hypertensive emergencies 高血压急症hypertensive urgencies 高血压亚急症hypertensive crisis 高血压危象hypertensive encephalopathy 高血压性脑病The coronary circulationleft anterior descending artery,LADleft circumflex coronary artery, LCXright coronary artery, RCACoronary artery disease;coronary heart disease，CAD,CHD冠心病atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化atheromatous plaques 动脉粥样斑块plaque rupture 斑块破裂angina pectoris 心绞痛stable angina pectoris 稳定性心绞痛variant angina pectoris 变异性心绞痛silent myocardial ischemia 无症状心肌缺血（latent coronary heart disease 隐匿性冠心病）myocardial bridging 心肌桥post-infarction angina pectoris 梗死后心绞痛acute coronary syndrome，ACS 急性冠脉综合征unstable angina pectoris ,UAP 不稳定心绞痛rest 静息型, new/initial初发型，accelerated 恶化型acute myocardial infarction ,AMI 急性心肌梗死non-ST segment elevation MI, NSTEMIST segment elevation MI，STEMIsudden cardiac death, SCD 心脏性猝死dysfunction/rupture of papillary muscle 乳头肌功能不全/断裂rupture of chordae tendineae腱索断裂rupture of the heart ,cardiac rupture心脏破裂embolism 栓塞（systemic体循环的）cardiac aneurysm 心脏室壁瘤postinfarction syndrome 心肌梗死后综合征Four chambers: left/right atrium/ventricle 心房/心室（atrial 心房的,ventricular 心室的）atrial septum房间隔interventricular septum 室间隔Cardiac insufficiency心功能不全，heart failure 心衰compensated/overt heart failure 代偿性/显性心衰congestive heart failure 充血性心力衰竭acute/chronic left-sided heart failure 急/慢性左心衰竭intractable heart failure难治性心衰systolic/diastolic insufficiency heart failure收缩/舒张功能不全的心衰The electrical conduction systemsinoatrial nodeHis bundleright and left bundlesleft anterior and posterior hemibundlesPurkinje networkArrhythmia 心律失常triggered activity 触发活动re-entry 折返afterdepolarization 后除极sinus bradycardia/ tachycardia窦性心动过缓/心动过速sinus pause (sinus arrest)窦性停搏（窦性静止）sinoatrial block (Wenckebach 文氏，Mobitz莫氏)sick sinus syndrome(SSS) 病态窦房结综合征：bradycardia-tachycardia syndromeatrial premature beats 房性期前收缩atrial tachycardia(automatic, reentrant,chaotic) (自律性，折返性，紊乱性)房性心动过速atrial flutter, AFLatrial fibrillation ,AFpremature atrioventricular junctional beats 房室交界性期前收缩AV junctional escape beats 逸搏paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia,PSVT阵发性室上性心动过速atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, AVNRTatrioventricular reentrant tachycardia, AVRTpreexcitation syndrome (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome)premature ventricular beatventricular tachycardia，VT (multiforme多形性，multifocal 多源性) accelerated idioventricular rhythm 加速性室性自主节律torsades de pointes ,TDP尖端扭转ventricular flutterventricular fibrillationatrioventricular block, AVBAdame-Strokes syndrome 阿-斯综合征intraventricular blockleft bundle branch block, LBBBleft anterior fascicular block, LAFBleft posterior fascicular block, LPFBright bundle branch block, RBBBbifascicular block 双分支传导阻滞trifascicular block 三分支传导阻滞Valvular disease of the heart，VDH, valvular heart disease心脏瓣膜病mitral/tricuspid/aortic/pulmonary valve disease 二尖瓣/三尖瓣/主动脉瓣/肺动脉瓣疾病acute/chronic mitral stenosis/incompetence/ insufficiency 狭窄/关闭不全rheumatic fever 风湿热rheumatic carditis 风湿性心脏炎Infective endocarditis ,IE 感染性心内膜炎acute/ subacute, native/prothetic/right heart IE 自体瓣膜/人工瓣膜clinical/fever thermometer体温计Cardiomyopathy 心肌病dilated cardiomyopathy, DCMhypertrophic cardiomyopathy, HCM (asymmetric septal 非对称性室间隔肥厚) restrictive cardiomyopathy, RCMarrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy ,ARVC 致心律失常性右室心肌病speciflc cardiomyopathy 特异性心肌病ischemic cardiomyopathy 缺血性心肌病diabetic cardiomyopathy 糖尿病性心肌病alcoholic cardiomyopathy 酒精性心肌病peripartum cardiomyopathy 围生期心肌病cardiac amyloidosis 心脏淀粉样变性drug-induced cardiomyopathy 药物性心肌病Keshan disease 克山病，endemic cardiomyopathy 地方性心肌病unclassified cardiomyopathy 未分类心肌病pericardium心包cardiopericarditis，cardipericarditis，pericarditis心包炎hydropericardium，pericardial effusion，pericardial fluid心包积液constrictive pericarditis缩窄性心包炎Congenital heart/cardiovascular disease先天性心脏病/心血管病，CHDatrial septal defect ASDventricular septal defect,VSDpatent ductus ateriosus, PDAtetralogy of fallot, TOFEisenmenger’s syndromecoarctation of the aortapulmonic stenosis 肺动脉狭窄primary pulmonary hypertensiondextrocardia右位心complete transposition of the great vessels 完全性大血管错位Disease of blood vessel，vascular disease，angiopathy血管疾病aortic dissection主动脉夹层primary arteritis or the aorta and its main branches 多发性大动脉炎peripheral arteriosclerosis obliterans 闭塞性周围动脉硬化thromboangitis obliterans (Buerger disease) 闭塞性血栓性脉管炎（Buerger病）thrombophlebitis血栓性静脉炎superficial thrombophlebitis 血栓性浅静脉炎deep venous thrombosis 深静脉血栓形成superior vena cava obstruction syndrome 上腔静脉阻塞综合征Cardiac arrest 心脏骤停cardiogenic shock 心源性休克syncope 晕厥vasovagal syncope, VVS 血管迷走性晕厥postural hypotension体位性低血压Cardiogenic syncope心源性晕厥transient ischemic attack, TIA 短暂性缺血发作syndrome X X综合征cardiac neurosis 心脏神经官能症Tests 常用检查electrolyte disturbance: hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, hypomagnesaemia, hyperkalaemiaaterial blood gas analysis: acidosis /alkalosis碱中毒（metabolic代谢性，respiratory呼吸性）hyperlipoidemia高脂血症：hypertriglyceridemia高甘油三酯血症triglyceride 甘油三酯hypercholesterolemia高胆固醇血症cholesterol胆固醇plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrationlipoprotein（a）, LP脂蛋白Apo, apopoprotein 载脂蛋白enzymogram/zymogram of the cardiac muscle 心肌酶谱CK-MB , MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase 心肌型肌酸激酶同功酶AST, aspartate aminotransferase天冬氨酸转氨酶LDH, lactate dehydrogenase 乳酸脱氢酶myohemoglobin 肌红蛋白troponin T and I 肌钙蛋白brain natriuretic peptide,BNP 脑钠肽blood culturechest radiograph：cardiothoracic ration < 0.5electrocardiography, ECG 心电图standard 12-lead ECG (limb leads, chest leads)exercise/stress ECG 负荷心电图Holter ECG monitoring, ambulatory ECG 动态心电图T wave flattening or inversionreversible ST segment depression/elevation (planar, downsloping,upsloping) wide QRS complexpathologic Q wavelate ventricular potential, LVP 心室晚电位T wave electrical alternations T波电交替upright tilt-table testing, head-up tilt testing 直立倾斜试验cardiac electrophysiologic study心电生理检查：programmed electrical stimulationsinus node recovery time, SNRT 窦房结恢复时间sinoatrial conduction time ,SACT 窦房结传导时间echocardiography 超声心动图two-dimensional echocardiographyDoppler echocardiographycolor Doppler flow imagingDoppler tissue imaging 多普勒组织成像技术transesophageal echocardiography经食管超声心动图intravascular ultrasound血管内超声stress echocardiography 负荷心超图ejection fraction (0.50-0.75)ambulatory blood pressure monitoring 动态血压监测coronary angiography 冠脉造影cardiac catheterization 心导管术cardiac radionuclide (blood pool) scanningManagement 处理avoid a high dietary salt intakeavoid severe exertion and vigorous exerciseavoid a heavy meal or very cold wateravoid agitation情绪激动stop smoking ，alcohol withdrawalkeep bowels open通便: lactulose乳果糖，Bisacody便塞停，senna leaves;sennae,folium番泻叶analgesia镇痛：morphine吗啡，meperidine，pethidine哌替啶take sublingual nitrate before undertaking exertion thar may induce angina interventional therapy for cardiovascular diseases 介入治疗radiofrequency catheter ablation ,RFCA经导管射频消融coronary revascularization therapy冠脉血运重建术；reperfusion therapy 再灌注治疗percutaneous coronary intervention ,PCI 经皮冠脉介入治疗percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, PTCA 经皮腔内冠脉成形术percutaneous intracoronary stent implantation 经皮冠脉内支架植入术thrombolysis溶栓：urokinase, UK尿激酶rt-PA重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂coronary artery bypass graft ,CABG 冠脉旁路手术great saphenous vein 大隐静脉internal mammary artery 内乳动脉percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty ,PBMV 经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术artifical cardiac pacing 人工心脏起搏：persistent/temporary,biatrial/biventricularantitachycardia pacing 抗心动过速起搏ATPcardioversion 心脏电复律defibrillation 电除颤thumpversion 捶击复律implantable cardioverter defibrillator, ICD 置入型心律转复除颤器cardiac resynchronization therapy, CRT 心脏再同步化治疗heart transplantationcombined heart and lung transplantation心肺联合移植percutaneous pericardiocentesis 心包穿刺术常用药物vasodilator血管扩张剂（phlebectasis静脉扩张，arteriectasis动脉扩张）nitrate-based vasodilating agents 硝酸酯类血管扩张剂nitroglycerin 硝酸甘油sodium nitroprusside 硝普钠isosorbide dinitrate 硝酸异山梨酯，消心痛diureticsthiazide diuretic：hydrochlorothiazide 双氢克尿塞（氢氯噻嗪）loop diuretic：furosemide呋塞米，速尿, bumetanide布美他尼torasemide托拉塞米，特苏尼potassium-sparing diuretic: antisterone, Spironolactone螺内酯，安体舒通inotropic agent 正性肌力药digitalis preparation洋地黄类：digoxin地高辛，cedilanid，lanatoside C西地兰adrenergic receptor stimulant: dopamine多巴胺，dobutamine 多巴酚丁胺adrenaline肾上腺素isopropylnoradrenalin异丙肾上腺素phosphodiesterase inhibitor 磷酸二酯酶抑制剂：Milrinone 米力农renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, RAAS肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ,ACEI 血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂angiotensin-II antagonist/receptor blockeraldosterone antagonist 醛固酮拮抗剂beta adrenergic receptor blocker(beta blockers)calcium channel blocker, CCBantiarrhythmic druglidocaine 利多卡因propafenone 普罗帕酮，心律平amiodarone 胺碘酮，可达龙propranolol 普萘洛尔，心得安verapamil 维拉帕米，异搏定HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors：simvastatin 辛伐他汀，舒降之atorvastatin 阿托伐他汀，立普妥fluvastatin 氟伐地汀,来适可antiplatelet drugs：aspirin 阿司匹林clopidogrel氯吡格雷,波利维tirofiban 替罗非班，欣维宁anticoagulation drugssubcutaneous low molecular weight heparin胸闷（chest distress）高血压肾病hypertensive nephropathy hypertensive renal disease心力衰竭：Heart failure 心力衰竭Congestive beart failure 充血性心力衰竭Acute left-sided heart failure 急性左心衰竭Chroinc heart failure 慢性心力衰竭Intractable heart failure 难治性心力衰竭Systolic insufficiency heart failure 收缩功能不全性心力衰竭Diastolic insufficiency heart failure 舒张功能不全性心力衰竭Congestive heart failure 充血性心力衰竭Cardiac dysfunction 心功能障碍心律失常：Arrhythmia （cardiac arrhythmia）心律失常Triggered activity 触发活动Afterdepolarization 后除极a.窦房结Sinus node recovery time SNRT 窦房结恢复时间Sinoatrial conduction time SACT 窦房传导时间Bradycardia 心动过缓Tachycardia 心动过速Sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速Sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓Sinus pause (sinus arrest) 窦性停搏（窦性静止）sinoatrial block 窦房阻滞（Mobitz 莫氏, Wenckebach 文氏）Sick sinus syndrome(SSS) 病(态)窦(房结)综合征Bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome 心动过缓-心动过速综合征b.心房Atrial premature beats 房性期前收缩Atrial tachycardia 房性心动过速Intrinsic heart rate 固有心率Automatic atrial tachycardia 自律性房性心动过速Reentrant atrial tachycardia 折返性房性心动过速Chaotic atrial tachycardia 紊乱性房性心动过速Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with A V block (PAT with block) 伴有房室阻滞的阵发性房性心动过速Multifocal atrial tachycardia 多源性房性心动过速Atrial flutter 心房扑动Atrial fibrillation 心房颤动c.房室交界区性Premature atrioventricular junctional beats 房室交界区性期前收缩A V junctional escape beats 房室交界区性逸搏A V junctional rhythm 房室交界区性心律Nonparoxysmal atrioventricular junctional tachycardia 非阵发性房室交界区性心动过速Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(PSVT)阵发性室上性心动过速Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia(A VNRT)房室结内折返性心动过速Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardia(A VNRT)房室返性心动过速Preexcitation syndrome(Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) 预激综合征（WPW综合征）d.心室Premature ventricular beats 室性期前收缩Ventricular parasystole 室性并行心律Ventricular tachycardia 室性心动过速Accelerated idioventricular rhythm 加速性心室自主节律Torsades de pointes 尖端扭转Ventricular flutter 心室扑动Ventricular fibrillation 心室颤动Atrioventricular block 房室传导阻滞Wenckebach block 文氏阻滞Adame-Strokes syndrom 阿－斯综合征Intraventricular block 室内传导阻滞Right bundle branch block 右束支传导阻滞Left bundle branch block 左束支传导阻滞Left anterior fascicular block 左前分支传导阻滞Left posterior fascicular block 左后分支传导阻滞Bifascicular block 双分支阻滞Trifascicular block 三分支阻滞心脏骤停与猝死sudden cardiac death 心脏性猝死Cardiac arrest 心脏骤停Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) 无脉性电活动高血压：Hypertension 高血压Hypertensive urgencyes 高血压急症Hypertensive crisis 高血压危象Hypertensive emergencies 高血压危症Secondary hypertension 继发性高血压Primary hypertension 原发性高血压“White coat” hypertension 白大衣性高血压4Isolated systolic hypertension 单纯收缩期高血压Arteriolosclerosis 小动脉硬化先心病：Congenital heart disease 先天性心脏病Congenital cardiovascular disease 先天性心血管病Pulmonic stenosis 肺动脉狭窄Isolated pulmonic stenosis 单纯肺动脉口狭窄Coarctation of the aorta 主动脉缩窄Idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery 单纯肺动脉扩张Primary pulmonary hypertension 原发性肺动脉高压Persistent left superior vena cava 双侧上腔静脉（左上腔静脉残存）Isolated dextrocardia 孤立性右位心Atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage 部分性肺静脉畸形引流Ventricular septal defect (VSD) 室间隔缺损Eisenmenger’s syndrome 艾森门格综合征Patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)动脉导管未闭Tetralogy of Fallot 法洛四联症Trilogy of Fallot 法洛三联症Complete transposition of the great vessels 完全性大血管错位Atrial septal defect (ASD) 房间隔缺损心脏瓣膜病：Multivalve heart disease 多瓣膜疾病5Mitral valve disease 二尖瓣疾病Pulmonic valve disease 肺动脉瓣疾病Tricuspid valve disease 三尖瓣疾病Ebstein’s an omaly 三尖瓣下移畸形Dysfunction or rupture of papillary muscle 乳头肌功能失调或断裂Aortic valve disease 主动脉瓣疾病Aortic arch syndrome 主动脉弓综合征Valvular heart disease 心脏瓣膜病rheumatic heart disease 风湿性心脏病Rheumatic fever 风湿热Rheumatic carditis 风湿性心脏炎Mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄Mitral incompetence 二尖瓣关闭不全Acute mitral insufficiency 急性二尖瓣关闭不全Chronic mitral insufficiency 慢性二尖瓣关闭不全Marfan’s syndrom 马凡氏综合征Aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄Aortic incompetence 主动脉瓣关闭不全Chronic aortic insufficiency 慢性主动脉瓣关闭不全Tricuspid stenosis 三尖瓣狭窄Tricuspid incompetence 三尖瓣关闭不全Pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉瓣狭窄Pulmonary incompetence 肺动脉瓣关闭不全冠心病：Atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Coronary heart disease 冠状动脉性心脏病Angina pectoris 心绞痛Stable angina pectoris 稳定型心绞痛Unstable angina pectoris 不稳定心绞痛Initial onset angina pectoris 初发型心绞痛Accelerated angina pectoris 恶化型心绞痛Variant angina pectoris (Prinzmetal’s variant angina pectoris)变异型心绞痛Angina decubitus 卧位心绞痛Acute coronary insufficiency 急性冠状动脉功能不全Postinfarction angina pectoris 梗塞后心绞痛Acute coronary syndrome(ACS) 急性冠脉综合征Myocardial infarction(MI) 心肌梗死Acute myocardial infarction(AMI) 急性心肌梗死Dysfunction of papillary muscle 乳头肌功能失调Rupture of papillary muscle 乳头肌断裂Rupture of the heart 心脏破裂Embolism 栓塞Cardiac aneurysm 心脏室壁瘤Postinfarction syndrome 心肌梗死后综合征Latent coronary heart disease 无症状型冠心病（隐性冠心病）Ischemic cardiomyopathy 缺血性心肌病Sudden death 猝死感染性心内膜炎：Infective endocarditis (IE) 感染性心内膜炎Native valve endocarditis 自体瓣膜心内膜炎Prothetic valve endocarditis 人工瓣膜心内膜炎Endocarditis in intravenous drug abusers 静脉药瘾者心内膜炎Acute infective endocarditics(AIE) 急性感染性心内膜炎Subacute Infective endocarditis 亚急性感染性心内膜炎心肌疾病：Specific cardiomyopathy 特异性心肌病Viral myocarditis 病毒性心肌炎Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy（HCM）肥厚性心肌病Asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) 非对称性室间隔肥厚Restrictive cardiomyopathy(RCM)限制性心肌病Dilated cardiomyopathy（DCM）扩张型心肌病Alcoholic cardiomyopathy 酒精性心肌病Peripartum cardiomyopathy 围生期心肌病Drug-induced cardiomyopathy 药物性心肌病Keshan disease (KD) 克山病Endemic cardiomyopathy (ECD) 地方性心肌病Cardiomyopathies 心肌疾病Myocardial bridging 心肌桥Myocarditis 心肌炎Right ventricular cardiomyopathy 右室心肌病Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC)致心律失常型右室心肌病Unclassified cardiomyopathies,UCM)心包疾病：Purulent pericarditis 化脓性心包炎Acute pericarditis 急性心包炎Tuberculous pericarditis 结核性心包炎Constrictive pericarditis 缩窄性心包炎血管疾病：Peripheral arteriosclerosis obliteration 闭塞性周围动脉粥样硬化Primary arteritis of the aorta and its main branches 多发性大动脉炎Raynaud syndrome 雷诺综合征Pulness disease 无脉病Thromboangitis obliterans 血栓闭塞性脉管炎Thrombophlebitis 血栓性静脉炎Aortic dissection 主动脉夹层其它疾病：Syndrome XCardiogenic shock 心原性休克Postpericardiostomy syndrome 心肌损伤后综合征Pulmonary embolism 肺动脉栓塞Syncope 晕厥Syphlitic cardiovascular disease 梅毒性心血管病Cardiovascular neurosis 心脏血管神经官能症药物Vasodilator 血管扩张剂（phlebectasis 静脉扩张，arteriectasis 动脉扩张）Diuretic 利尿剂（thiazide diuretic 噻嗪类利尿剂；loop diuretic 袢利尿剂；potassium-sparing diuretics 保钾利尿剂）inotropic agent 正性肌力药（digitalis preparation 洋地黄制剂；adrenergic receptor stimulant 肾上腺素能受体兴奋剂；phosphodiesterase inhibitor 磷酸二酯酶抑制剂）Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor（ACE inhibitors）（ACEI）血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂Aldosterone antagonist 醛固酮拮抗剂Beta adrenergic receptor blocker （beta blockers）ß肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂Calcium channel blocker（CCB）钙通道阻滞剂Angiotension Ⅱantagonist(Angiotension Ⅱreceptor blocker) 血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂Alpha blockers α1 受体阻滞剂Nitroglycerin 硝酸甘油Digoxin 地高辛Lanatoside C 西地兰10antiarrhythic drugs 抗心律失常药lidocaine 利多卡因Propafenone 普罗帕酮Amiodarone 胺碘酮调脂药降脂药HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors HMG-CoA 还原酶抑制剂Nicotinic acid 烟酸Clofibrate 氯贝丁酯抗血小板药物溶栓药recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ,rt-PA 重组组织型纤维蛋白酶原激活剂抗凝药操作interventional therapy for cardiovascular diseases 心血管病介入性治疗Holter ECG monitoring 动态心电图Ultrasound angioplasty 超声消融术Directional coronary atherectomy 定向旋切术High frequency rotational atherectomy 高频旋磨术Laser angioplasty 激光血管成形术Catheter ablation 心导管消融Radiofrequency catheter ablation 经导管射频消融Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty(PBMV)经皮穿刺球囊二尖瓣成形术Percutaneous balloon pulmonic valvuloplasty(PBPV)经皮穿刺球囊肺动脉瓣成形术Percutaneous transluminal septial myocardial ablation,(PTSMA)经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术11Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) 经皮穿刺腔内冠状动脉成形术Percutaneous intracoronary stent implantation 经皮穿刺冠状动脉内支架安置术Transluminal Extraction catheter (TEC)经皮血管内切吸导管Artificial cardiac pacing 人工心脏起搏Multisite cardiac pacing 多部位心脏起搏Biatrial pacing 双心房起搏biventricular pacing 双心室起搏bifocal pacing 双灶起搏Heart transplantation 心脏移植Angiojet rheolytic thrombectomy 新鲜血栓吸引术Upright tilt-table testing 直立倾斜试验Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)置入型心律转复除颤器Thumpversion 捶击复律Cough-version 咳嗽复律Cardioversion 心脏电复律Defibrillation 心脏电除颤Revascularization 血管重建其它Hemolytic streptococcus 甲族乙型溶血性链球菌Antithymocyte globulin (ATG)抗胸腺细胞球蛋白Vagus nerve 迷走神经,Brainstem death 脑干死亡12Brain death 脑死亡Myocardial remodeling 心肌重塑Hemodynamics 血液动力学Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)心钠素Vasopressin 血管加压素,抗利尿激素Bradykinin 缓激肽Triggered activity 触发活动Afterdepolarization 后除极Late ventricular potential 心室晚电位Sinus node recovery time(SNRT) 窦房结恢复时间Sinoatrial conduction time(SACT) 窦房传导时间Intrinsic heart rate 固有心率Accessory atrioventricular pathways 房室旁路Atriohisian tracts 房希氏束Nodoventricular fibers 结-室纤维Fasciculoventricular fibers 分支室纤维Insulin resistance 胰岛素抵抗Vasodepressor response 血管减压反应Pulsus tardus 细迟脉Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) 最小抑菌浓度Systolic anterior motion(SAM) （二尖瓣前叶）收缩期前向运动Intermittent claudication 间歇性跛行Symptoms 症状chest distress胸闷dyspnoea呼吸困难：paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea breathlessness 气促a poor effort tolerancecough咳嗽palpitation 心悸precordial chest pain心前区胸痛retrosternally chest pain 胸骨后胸痛precipitation by exertion, promptly relief by rest or sublingual nitratea sense of oppression or tightness in the chest - like a band around the chest patients may close a hand around the throat ,put a hand or clenched fist on the sternummay radiate to the neck or jar, accompanied by discomfort in the arms(referred pain)occasionally epigastric or interscapular 上腹部的/肩胛间的sense of impending death 濒死感autonomic disturbance including sweating, nausea, vomiting Signs 体征Vital signs 生命体征blood pressure (systolic/diastolic, pulse pressure脉压):hypertension/hypotensionpulse rate 脉律: regular/irregulardropped beat脉搏短绌respitatory rate : tachypnea呼吸急促/ respiration ceases呼吸停止temperature: fever /clammy peripheries 四肢湿冷cyanosis 发绀loss of consciousness，unconsciousness意识丧失tic of limbs四肢抽搐gatism，urinary and fecal incontinence大小便失禁cardiac apex (4/5th ICS-MCL or displaced laterally) 心尖palpable liftthrill 震颤cardiac dilatation心脏扩大large right atrium 右房大dilated left ventricle 左室大beats per minute ,bpm (heart rate) 心率: tachycardia/bradycardia, regular/irregular rhythmheart sounds: S1,S2,S3,S4gallop奔马律, systolic click收缩期卡嗒音, opening snap(二尖瓣)开瓣音, pericardial knock 心包叩击音heart murmur 心脏杂音systolic/diastolic/continousgrade 1-5crescendo/decrescendo 递增/递减radiationlocationpitch音调quality 性质pericardial friction rub，pericardial rub心包摩擦音inspiratory crepitations over the lung bases, basal crackles 肺底湿啰音wheezing rale 哮鸣音cardiomegaly 心脏肥大elevated venous pressuredistention of jugular vein，jugular filling，jugular varicosity颈静脉怒张/充盈hepatojugular reflux sign肝颈静脉回流征ascites 腹水edema of lower extremity下肢水肿Hypertensive disease高血压病sphygmomanometer；blood pressure gauge，BPG血压计stethoscope听诊器hypertensionprimary hypertensionsecondary hypertensionchronic kidney disease, CKDdrugs: non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug，NSAID非甾体类抗炎药glucocorticosteroids糖皮质激素mineral corticoid ，MCH盐皮质激素oral contraceptives口服避孕药adrenomimetic拟肾上腺素药monoamine oxidase inhibitor单胺氧化酶抑制剂tricyclic antidepressant;TCA三环类抗抑郁药immunodepressant免疫抑制剂（如ciclosporin环孢素）erythropoietin，EPO 促红细胞生成素hyperthyrea, hyperthyroidism, hyperthyrosis甲状腺功能亢进primary hyperaldosteronism原发性醛固酮增多症adrenal cortical hyperplasia肾上腺皮质增生症chromaffin-cell tumor，chromaffinom，medullosuprarenoma，phaeochromocytoma，PCC嗜铬细胞瘤sleep apnea syndrome睡眠呼吸暂停综合征diabetes mellitus糖尿病coarctation of aorta，COA主动脉缩窄white coat hypertensionisolated systolic hypertension 单纯收缩期高血压hypertensive emergencies 高血压急症hypertensive urgencies 高血压亚急症hypertensive crisis 高血压危象hypertensive encephalopathy 高血压性脑病The coronary circulationleft anterior descending artery,LADleft circumflex coronary artery, LCXright coronary artery, RCACoronary artery disease;coronary heart disease，CAD,CHD冠心病atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化atheromatous plaques 动脉粥样斑块plaque rupture 斑块破裂angina pectoris 心绞痛stable angina pectoris 稳定性心绞痛variant angina pectoris 变异性心绞痛silent myocardial ischemia 无症状心肌缺血（latent coronary heart disease 隐匿性冠心病）myocardial bridging 心肌桥post-infarction angina pectoris 梗死后心绞痛acute coronary syndrome，ACS 急性冠脉综合征unstable angina pectoris ,UAP 不稳定心绞痛rest 静息型, new/initial初发型，accelerated 恶化型acute myocardial infarction ,AMI 急性心肌梗死non-ST segment elevation MI, NSTEMIST segment elevation MI，STEMIsudden cardiac death, SCD 心脏性猝死dysfunction/rupture of papillary muscle 乳头肌功能不全/断裂rupture of chordae tendineae腱索断裂rupture of the heart ,cardiac rupture心脏破裂embolism 栓塞（systemic体循环的）cardiac aneurysm 心脏室壁瘤postinfarction syndrome 心肌梗死后综合征Four chambers: left/right atrium/ventricle 心房/心室（atrial 心房的,ventricular 心室的）atrial septum房间隔interventricular septum 室间隔Cardiac insufficiency心功能不全，heart failure 心衰compensated/overt heart failure 代偿性/显性心衰congestive heart failure 充血性心力衰竭acute/chronic left-sided heart failure 急/慢性左心衰竭intractable heart failure难治性心衰systolic/diastolic insufficiency heart failure收缩/舒张功能不全的心衰The electrical conduction systemsinoatrial nodeHis bundleright and left bundlesleft anterior and posterior hemibundlesPurkinje networkArrhythmia 心律失常triggered activity 触发活动re-entry 折返afterdepolarization 后除极sinus bradycardia/ tachycardia窦性心动过缓/心动过速sinus pause (sinus arrest)窦性停搏（窦性静止）sinoatrial block (Wenckebach 文氏，Mobitz莫氏)sick sinus syndrome(SSS) 病态窦房结综合征：bradycardia-tachycardia syndromeatrial premature beats 房性期前收缩atrial tachycardia(automatic, reentrant,chaotic) (自律性，折返性，紊乱性)房性心动过速2011-04-24 14:44回复2楼torasemide托拉塞米，特苏尼potassium-sparing diuretic: antisterone, Spironolactone螺内酯，安体舒通inotropic agent 正性肌力药digitalis preparation洋地黄类：digoxin地高辛，cedilanid，lanatoside C西地兰adrenergic receptor stimulant: dopamine多巴胺，dobutamine 多巴酚丁胺adrenaline肾上腺素isopropylnoradrenalin异丙肾上腺素phosphodiesterase inhibitor 磷酸二酯酶抑制剂：Milrinone 米力农renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, RAAS肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ,ACEI 血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂angiotensin-II antagonist/receptor blockeraldosterone antagonist 醛固酮拮抗剂beta adrenergic receptor blocker(beta blockers)calcium channel blocker, CCBantiarrhythmic druglidocaine 利多卡因propafenone 普罗帕酮，心律平amiodarone 胺碘酮，可达龙propranolol 普萘洛尔，心得安verapamil 维拉帕米，异搏定HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors：simvastatin 辛伐他汀，舒降之atorvastatin 阿托伐他汀，立普妥fluvastatin 氟伐地汀,来适可antiplatelet drugs：aspirin 阿司匹林clopidogrel氯吡格雷,波利维tirofiban 替罗非班，欣维宁心血管内科常用英文Symptoms 症状chest distress 胸闷dyspnoea 呼吸困难：paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea breathlessness 气促 a poor effort tolerance cough 咳嗽palpitation 心悸precordial chest pain 心前区胸痛retrosternally chest pain 胸骨后胸痛precipitation by exertion, promptly relief by rest or sublingual nitrate a sense of oppression or tightness in the chest - like a band around the chest patients may close a hand around the throat ,put a hand or clenched fist on the sternum may radiate to the neck or jar, accompanied by discomfort in the arms(referred pain) occasionally epigastric or interscapular 上腹部的/肩胛间的sense of impending death 濒死感autonomic disturbance including sweating, nausea, vomiting Signs 体征Vital signs 生命体征blood pressure (systolic/diastolic, pulse pressure 脉压):hypertension/hypotension pulse rate 脉律: regular/irregular dropped beat 脉搏短绌respitatory rate : tachypnea 呼吸急促/ respiration ceases 呼吸停止temperature: fever /clammy peripheries 四肢湿冷cyanosis 发绀loss of consciousness，unconsciousness 意识丧失tic of limbs 四肢抽搐gatism，urinary and fecal incontinence 大小便失禁cardiac apex (4/5th ICS-MCL or displaced laterally) 心尖palpable lift thrill 震颤cardiac dilatation 心脏扩大large right atrium 右房大dilated left ventricle 左室大beats per minute ,bpm (heart rate) 心率: tachycardia/bradycardia, regular/irregular rhythm heart sounds: S1,S2,S3,S4 gallop 奔马律, systolic click 收缩期卡嗒音, opening snap(二尖瓣)开瓣音, pericardial knock 心包叩击音heart murmur 心脏杂音systolic/diastolic/continous grade 1-5 crescendo/decrescendo 递增/递减radiationlocation pitch 音调quality 性质pericardial friction rub，pericardial rub 心包摩擦音inspiratory crepitations over the lung bases, basal crackles 肺底湿啰音wheezing rale 哮鸣音cardiomegaly 心脏肥大elevated venous pressure distention of jugular vein，jugular filling，jugular varicosity 颈静脉怒张/充盈hepatojugular reflux sign 肝颈静脉回流征ascites 腹水edema of lower extremity 下肢水肿Hypertensive disease 高血压病sphygmomanometer；blood pressure gauge，BPG 血压计stethoscope 听诊器hypertension primary hypertension secondary hypertension chronic kidney disease, CKD drugs: non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug，NSAID 非甾体类抗炎药glucocorticosteroids 糖皮质激素mineral corticoid ，MCH 盐皮质激素oral contraceptives 口服避孕药adrenomimetic 拟肾上腺素药monoamine oxidase inhibitor 单胺氧化酶抑制剂tricyclic antidepressant;TCA 三环类抗抑郁药immunodepressant 免疫抑制剂（如ciclosporin 环孢素）erythropoietin，EPO 促红细胞生成素hyperthyrea, hyperthyroidism, hyperthyrosis 甲状腺功能亢进primary hyperaldosteronism 原发性醛固酮增多症adrenal cortical hyperplasia 肾上腺皮心内科实习---2.常用英文简称来源：唐玉霞的日志。
