CE和HPLC测定水源水体中微囊藻毒素方法比较
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CE和HPLC测定水源水体中微囊藻毒素方法比较王 阳1,2,徐明芳1,2,*,曾晓琮3,耿梦梦1,黎 明1,陈耕南1(1.暨南大学生命科学技术学院,广东广州510632;2.暨南大学应急管理研究中心,广东广州510632;3.广东省食品检验所,广东省酒类检测中心,广东广州510435)摘 要:利用毛细管电泳(capillary electrophoresis,CE)仪结合紫外-可见光二极管阵列检测器检测技术建立水体中痕量微囊藻毒素的检测新方法。
通过与GB/T 20466—2006《水中微囊藻毒素的测定》高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)方法对比分析,进行2 种检测技术的评价。
CE检测条件为:毛细管柱(60 cm×75 μm i.d.),有效长度为44 cm,分离缓冲溶液为12 mmol/L硼酸盐(pH 9.0),分离电压25 kV,检测波长238 nm,压力6 895 Pa流体动力学进样;优化后的HPLC检测条件为:C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5 μm),甲醇-磷酸盐缓冲溶液(60∶40,V/V)为流动相,检测波长238 nm,柱温度35 ℃,流速1 mL/min。
结果表明:CE对3 种微囊藻毒素MC-RR、MC-LR和MC-YR的检出限分别是0.16、0.20 μg/mL和0.24 μg/mL,HPLC对3 种微囊藻毒素的检出限分别为0.020、0.079 μg/mL和0.052 μg/mL,这2 个方法的灵敏度相差1 个数量级;加标回收率分别92.5%~106.0%和99.6%~102.5%,CE对应的保留时间和峰面积的精密度相对标准偏差为0.53%~0.64%和2.67%~3.29%;HPLC法的保留时间和峰面积精密度相对标准偏差为0.16%~0.53%和0.80%~1.53%。
检测同一水样中微囊藻毒素含量,CE检测结果和HPLC结果之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。
关键字:高效毛细管电泳;高效液相色谱;微囊藻毒素;检测Comparison of HPLC and CE for Estimation of Microcystins in Drinking Water SourcesWANG Yang1,2, XU Mingfang1,2,*, ZENG Xiaocong3, GENG Mengmeng1, LI Ming1, CHEN Gengnan1(1. College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;2. Research Center of Emergency Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;3. Guangdong Provincial Institute of Food Inspection, Guangdong Provincial Wine Testing Center, Guangzhou 510435, China)Abstract: A new method for the detection of trace amounts of microcystins (MCs) in drinking water sources by capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with ultraviolet/visible light diode array detector (DAD) system was established and compared with the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) described in the Chinese standard method (GB/T 20466—2006).CE detection conditions were determined as follows: an uncoated fused-silica capillary tube (60 cm × 75 μm i.d.) with effective length of 44 cm as stationary phase, 12 mmol/L sodium borate solution (pH 9.0) as running buffer, separation voltage of25 kV, sample injection under 6 895 Pa for 5 s, and detection wavelength of 238 nm. The HPLC method was performed witha C18 chromatographic column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) using methanol: phosphate buffer solution (60:40, V/V) asmobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 35 ℃, and the analyte was detected at 238 nm.The limits of detection (LOD) of the CE method for MC-RR, MC-LR and MC-YR were 0.16, 0.20 and 0.24 μg/mL, and those of the HPLC method were 0.020, 0.079, and 0.052 μg/mL, respectively. The sensitivity of the two methods differed by 1 order of magnitude. The recoveries of the CE and HPLC methods for three MCs were in range of 92.5%–106.0% and99.6%–102.5%, respectively. The corresponding relative standard deviations (RSDs) of retention time and peak area were0.53%–0.64% and 2.67%–3.29% for CE and 0.16%–0.53% and 0.80%–1.53% for HPLC, respectively. For the same watersample, the MCs content determined by CE was not significantly different from that determined by HPLC (P > 0.05).Key words: capillary electrophoresis (CE); high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); microcystins (MCs); detection收稿日期:2016-05-26基金项目:暨南大学应急管理研究中心重大项目(JD2015008);广东省科技计划项目(2009B011300003)作者简介:王阳(1991—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为饮用水中微囊藻毒素检测以及安全标准。
E-mail:wangyang5221@*通信作者:徐明芳(1962—),女,教授,博士,研究方向为食品特性鉴定与分离技术、生物反应器工程。
E-mail:xumingfang@DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201622032中图分类号:X824 文献标志码:A文章编号:1002-6630(2016)22-0210-06引文格式:王阳, 徐明芳, 曾晓琮, 等. CE和HPLC测定水源水体中微囊藻毒素方法比较[J]. 食品科学, 2016, 37(22): 210-215.DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201622032. WANG Yang, XU Mingfang, ZENG Xiaocong, et al. Comparison of HPLC and CE for estimation of microcystins in drinking water sources[J]. Food Science, 2016, 37(22): 210-215. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201622032. 微囊藻毒素(microcystins,MCs)主要是由铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)产生的细胞内毒素,具有生物活性的单环七肽化合物,分子质量约为1 000 D[1],如图1所示,它在细胞内合成,细胞破裂后释放出来,导致水体中MCs的出现,能抑制控制生化过程的生物体蛋白磷酸酶,是一种强烈的肝肿瘤促进剂[2-3]。
不仅直接污染饮用水源,还可以在水生生物中富集,通过食物链而进入高等生物体内,直接威胁人类的健康和生存[4-7],引起胃肠炎症,也会引发消化道炎症、肝癌和脾脏疾病等,剂量过度时可导致死亡[8]。
目前,MCs、黄曲霉毒素和乙肝病毒已成为环境中致肝癌的三大危险因素[9],而且已经发现的MCs有80多种变体[10-11],包括MC-LR、MC-YR、MC-RR等,其中分布最广泛、毒性最强的是MC-LR。
世界卫生组织推荐的饮水中MC-LR标准为1.0 μg/L[12],加拿大标准为0.5 μg/L[13],我国参照世界卫生组织标准,在卫生部2001年6月颁布的《生活饮用水水质卫生规范》中确定MC-LR的限值标准定为1.0 μg/L。
华南地区饮用水水源地在藻华暴发期,曾检测出较高浓度的藻毒素。
因此,加强水质藻毒素监控与风险评估不仅关系人们用水和身体健康的问题,也是关系到公共安全与社会稳定能否持续发展的关键问题之一,建立快速、先进、可靠和高效的藻毒素检测技术,完善水中MCs的测定方法至关重要。
D-GluD-MeAsp D-Ala3MdhaZ、X表示不同氨基酸。