中考动词最全讲解-共21页。包括常见短语动词辨析,重点动词用法,动词分类,各种时态语态—还有练习题

中考动词辅导策略与习题专练在英语中动词的使用形式变化多样，这与汉语截然不同，故其用法成为学生学习中的一大难点。

英语中动词分四类，即：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词、助动词。

如何进行中考辅导？一、实义动词﹙一﹚理解基本用法，运用基本原理指导学习实践，做到有理可依、有据可循，实义动词在句中运用时，分谓语形式和非谓语形式。

1．谓语形式：当某个实义动词或词组充当句子的谓语时，它的形式随语态、时态以及主语人称和数的变化而变化。

细而言之：2．非谓语形式：⑴．不定式①意义：动词的非谓语形式，常发生在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之后，作主语、宾语﹙动词宾语﹚、宾语补足语、表语、定语﹙常表示功能﹚、状语。

②．构成：不定式= t o ﹢动词原形③．否定结构= not to do sth④．复合结构= for sb.﹙not ﹚ to do sth⑤．与疑问词连用：如what to do⑥．在下列动词后的不定式省略“to ”：三看﹙look see watch ﹚两听﹙listen hear ﹚一感觉﹙feel ﹚，注意﹙notice ﹚使﹙make ﹚让﹙let have ﹚帮﹙help ﹚→可不省。

⑦．形式主语：当不定式、否定结构、复合结构、与疑问词连用等形式作句子主语时，用it 来代替它，而将真正的主语置于谓语之后，“it ”叫形式主语。

⑵．动名词①．意义：动词的非谓语形式，常常发生或预定在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之前，表示事实、爱好、功能、习惯等，起名词作用。

作主语、宾语﹙包括介词宾语和动词宾语﹚、表语、定语﹙常表示功能﹚等。

②．构成：动名词=V+ing③. 否定结构= not doing sth④. 复合结构=one ’﹙ not ﹚doing sth⑶．现在分词①．意义：动词的非谓语形式，常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间正在发生的动作，表示主动。

②．用法：常作定语﹙单个词前置，短语后置﹚、宾语补足语和状语﹙如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等﹚。

⑷．过去分词①．意义：动词的非谓语形式，常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间已发生的动作。

表示被动。

②．用法：常作定语﹙单个词前置，短语后置﹚、宾语补足语和状语﹙如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等﹚。

3．举例说明：⑴.I want ① to give up ② studying ③at school to look after ④ my sick mother at home.点拨：①作谓语→主动语态→一般现在时。

②非谓语→发生在谓语之后→不定式。

③非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之前→动名词。

④时态\ 语态 主 动 语 态被 动 语 态 备 注 一般现在时原 形 或 三单 is/am/are ﹢过去 分词 划线：助动词 一般过去时过 去 式 was/were ﹢过去 分词 同上 现在进行时 is/am/are ﹢ 现在分词 is/am/are ﹢being ﹢过去分词 同上 过去进行时 was/were ﹢ 现在分词 was/were ﹢being ﹢过去分词 同上 一般将来时 will/ shall ﹢动 原 will/shall ﹢be ﹢ 过去分词 同上 be going to ﹢动 原 be going to ﹢be ﹢过去分词 Be ：is/am/are 过去将来时 would/shoud ﹢动 原 would/shoud ﹢be ﹢过去分词 划线：助动词 be going to ﹢动 原 be going to ﹢be ﹢过去分词 Be ：was/were 现在完成时 have/has ﹢过去分词 have/has ﹢been ﹢过去分词 划线：助动词 过去完成时 had ﹢ 过去分词 had ﹢ been ﹢ 过去分词 同上 含情态动词情态动词 ﹢ 动 原 情态动词﹢be ﹢ 过去分词非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之后→不定式。

⑵．The teacher told ①us not to forget ②to turn off ③the lights when we left④the room点拨：①作谓语→主动语态→一般过去时。

②非谓语→发生在谓语之后→不定式。

③非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之后→不定式。

④作谓语→主动语态→一般过去时。

﹙3﹚Look, There is①a boy taking down②a picture put up③on the wall.点拨：①作谓语→一般现在时。

②非谓语→相对谓语即时时间正在发生,主动→现在分词.③非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之前→表示被动→过去分词.﹙二﹚．既要求同亦要寻异凡事都具有共性，又具有个性。

不能千篇一律地用某个规则或原理去解决所有问题。

因此，在把握实义动词基本用法的大前提下，教师还要引导、启发、教育学生善于观察、比较、体味个别动词的特殊用法，做到共性与个性的统一。

关于动名词的使用应注意：1．介词﹢动名词如：You can watch TV after fishing your homework.2．动词﹙词组﹚﹢动名词这样的动词有：give in doing 屈服做某事be busy doing 忙于做某事stop sb.from doing 阻止某人做某事practice doing 练习做某事enjoy doing 喜欢做某事finish doing 做完某事complete doing 做完某事end up doing 做完某事mind doing 介意做某事spen d…﹙in﹚doing 花费时间做某事can’t stand doing 容忍做某事 keep on doing 一直做某事be worth doing 值得做某事appreciate doing 感激做某事avoid doing 避免做某事be used to doing 习惯做某事pay attention to doing 注意做某事get used to doing 习惯做某事excuse doing 推辞做某事 give up doing 放弃做某事carry on doing 坚持做某事 do some reading 读书make a countribution to doing do /washing/swimming洗衣/游泳为做某事做贡献 look forward to doing盼望做某事prefer doing to doing与做某事比，take a swimming course 上游泳课更喜欢做某事insist on doing 坚持做某事stick doing 坚持做某事take the leading position 站主导地位consider doing 考虑做某事imagine doing 想像做某事miss doing 错过做某事 put off doing 推迟做某事risk doing 冒险做某事 suggest doing 做某事建议3.下列动词既可接不定式又可接动名词，但意义不同：⑴.like/love/hate①doing：表示习惯例：I like getting up early every morning.②to do：表示具体活动例：Can you come out to play with me ?⑵．Stop①doing：停止做某事﹙某事不做了﹚例：Please stop working if you are tired.②to do：停下来去做某事﹙某事要做﹚例：I am tired to have a rest.⑶．go on①doing：继续做同一件事例：Go on studying hard if you want to get better grades.②to do：继续做另一件事例：After leaving school,he go on to go to college.⑷.remember①doing：记得做过的事例：I remember seeing you somewhere.②to do：记得要做的事例：Rrmember to turn off the light when leaving the room.⑸.forge t①doing：忘记做过的事例：I forget seeing you somewhere②to do：忘记要做的事例：Don’t forget to turn off the light when leaving the room⑥.need/want/require①doing：表示被动例The blackboard needs cleanin g﹦The blackboard needs to becleaned.②to do：表示主动例：She needs to have a rest.⑺.try①doing：试着做某事例：Let me try driving for you.②to do：尽力做某事例：We must try to finish it on time.⑻.continue①doing：继续做同一件事例：Continue studying hard if you want to get bettergrades.②to do：继续做另一件事例：After leaving school,he .continue to go to college.⑼.can’t help①doing：情不自禁做某事例：when he heard the news,he can’t help jumping.②to do：不能帮助做某事例：Sorry, I can’t help to do it for you.⑽.mean①.doing：意思做某事例：What I said means not telling him the news now.②. to do：打算做某事例：I mean to start off tomorrow.⑾.agree①.on doing：对做某事表示同意例：We agree on holding a sports meeting soon.②.to do：同意要做某事例：I agree to go to the park on Sunday.⑿ .decide①. on doing：对做某事做出决定例：We have decided on stopping him from woking on.②．to do：决定要做某事例：I decide to go abroad for study.⒀.encourag e①.doing：鼓励做某事例：The government encourages planting trees to protect theenvironment②.sb. to do：鼓励某人做某事例：The teacher often encourages us to study hard.⒁.allow①.doing：允许做某事例：We don’t allow smoking here②.sb. to do：允许某人做某事做例：We don’t allow you to smoke here⒂.advise①.doing：建议做某事例：We advise going skating tomorrow.②.sb. to do：建议某人做某事例：We advise you to go skating tomorrow.⒃.permit①.doing：允许做某事例：The boss did not permit working for shorter.②.sb. to do：允许某人做某事例：The boss did not permitme to work for shorter.⒄.begin/start 开始做某事①.doing：“doing”为动态动词或begin/start为其它时态例：Let’s begin running.②. to do：“do”为静态动词或begin/start已为进行时例：I began to believe what he had said. 例：It is beginning to rain.⒅.plan①.on doing对做某事做出计划例：We have decided on building a school next year.②.to do计划做某事例：：We have decided to build a school next year.﹙三﹚.再现要点，筛取重点，各个击破，做到目标明确，有的放矢。