unit 11儿童文学翻译
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Unit 11 Sad movies make me cry课文重难点详解Section A1. I’d rather go to Blue Ocean because I like to listen to quiet music while I’m eating.【解析】’d rather 是would rather 的缩写形式,“宁愿;宁可;更喜欢”,后跟动词原形【肯定句:would rather do sth. =prefer to do sth.I would rather stay at home because it’s cold outside.【2014四川达州】32. —Walking more is good for our health.—Y ou’re right. So I’d rather ____ a n hour’s walk to work than consider ______ a car.A. take; drivingB. take; driveC. take; to driveD. to take; driving【否定句:would rather not do sth 宁愿不做某事( ) He would rather _______ to jazz.A. not listenB. not to listenC. not listeningD. listen not【疑问句:将would 提到句首Would you rather stay at home or play tennis with us?would rather do sth than do sth (than 所连接的词语必须与前面的词语在词性和结构上保持一致I would rather ________(watch) TV at home than________(go) out for a walk.【2014湖北襄阳3】— Driving less, walking more is good for our health.— So I'd rather an hour's walk to work than consider a car.A. take, driveB. take, to driveC. take, drivingD. taking, driving=would do sth rahte than do sth =prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事(表示在两者之间进行选择)— What a heavy rain! — So it is. I prefer______ rather than _____ on such a rainy day.A. to go out; stay at homeB. to stay at home; go outC. going out; stay at homeD. staying at home ; go out2. But that music makes me sleepy. 但是那种音乐会让我昏昏欲睡。
UNIT ELEVEN 世界上最大的词汇表大家好,欢迎来听这个讲座。
首先我要提出一个观点.接下来我会举例对它进行阐释说明。
我自勺观点是:英语这门语言是个贼?它从别的语言中窃取词汇,说得好听点是“借用”。
为什么英语拥有的词汇量是所有语言中最庞大的?——有70万条不同的词条.且到目前为止仍在不断增加。
这是一方面的原因。
英语几乎从各种语言中获取词汇:shampoo(洗发香波)取自印度的印地语,caucus(政党高层会议)取自北美的阿冈昆印第安语,ketchup(番茄酱)取自汉语,potato(土豆)取白海地语,sofa(沙发)取自阿拉伯语,boondocks(荒野)取自菲律宾的他加禄语。
我们可以注意到这样一个有趣的事实,除了印地语和英语一样同为印欧语系的分支,刚才我所提到的其他语言都属于截然不同的语种。
例如,汉语隶属于汉藏语系,且其本身包含很多的地区方言,普通话和广东话只不过是其中两例。
还有一点十分奇怪,尽管英语属于日耳曼语系——严格说来它和荷兰语一样是日耳曼语的方言,源于公元5世纪起对英国进行殖民统治的德国盎格鲁撒克逊人所使用的语言——但是英语极少从德语中借用词汇。
在寥寥无几的几个词中有kindergarten(幼儿园)和hinterland(腹地)。
拉丁语为英语提供了大量的词汇。
单词jaunty(愉快的)、gentle(和善的)、gentleman(绅士)和genteel(有教养的)都源于拉丁单词gentilis。
quiet(安静的)、sordid(卑鄙的)和entirety(完全)分别来自于拉丁单词quietus、sordere和integritas。
一个拉丁单词discus至少衍生出四个不同的英文单词:disk(圆盘)、disc(光碟)、dish(碟子)和desk(书桌)。
源于拉丁语的英语单词现在有一半以上的词义与它们的源词大相径庭。
从nice一词上可以看出其中的变化有多大,关于nice最早的记录是在1290年,意思是“傻的”或“愚蠢的”。
人名乔治·斯提沃特 1你知道美国人取名习惯主要的传统来源吗?印第安人和黑人是如何获得自己的姓氏的?为什么移民要采用美国化的姓名?下面的文字讨论这些问题。
2在任何民族的人类学研究中,取名的习俗往往非常重要,而且包含许多内容。
因此,我们很可以对美国人的取名习俗作一番研究。
3名字是语言的一部分,然而,由于它们代表的是非常特殊的一部分,我们无法将其归入一般的讨论中。
特别是,后来移民的影响和原来习俗的发展变化,对我们的名字来说已经比一般的语言更重要了。
4和许多其它习俗一样,我们取名的习惯承袭了英国传统,尽管和整个欧洲的习俗也差别不大。
根据英国的传统,一个人的名字由两部分组成:名和姓,名在前姓在后。
这一传统形成于中世纪,远远早于美国的任何殖民地形成之前。
国王和贵族,偶尔某些级别较低的人,可以有不止一个名。
在移民到美国来的人的孩子中,后来被称做“中间名”的,已很少见,几乎消失了。
可以举出的这样的例子非常少,其中一个奇怪地叫做爱德华·玛利亚·英费尔德,是詹姆斯镇第一任地方议会的主席。
5由于从一开始移民们就有姓氏,而姓氏是继承的,早期的殖民者只不过保留他们已有的姓,对此没有多少可说。
然而人们提出了这样的问题,是不是所有早期的英国移民实际上都有姓?有这样的疑问,是因为在詹姆斯镇最早的名单中,有“老爱德华”这样的名字。
情况很可能是,他确实有一个姓,只不过由于疏忽从名单上略去,而在他死后也就被人遗忘。
当时更经常的情况是,人们登记的是自己的姓。
例如在詹姆斯镇1608年的一张名单中,甚至有两个男孩登记为米尔曼和赫尔亚德,而不是用他们的名。
THE World of E-Book Is HereMark RevingtonAlan Brooker and Loren Teague are authors who have a book due out soon. 1You probably won't find their titles on the shelves of your local bookstore.Their prose is published in computerized, digital1. They are authors publishing e-books (short for "electronic books" or books published only on the Internet, and not in paper form).2They're not getting big fat advances from publishers2.Not even a small cheque. Instead, Brooker will get 35 percent of each e-book sold, and Teague will get 30 percent. That's way above what either could expect in royalties if their titles were published in the familiar format, as beautifully bound bites of trees.3The usual author royalty is anyway between ten and fifteen percent of a book's selling price. but the large percentage royalty for an e-book will come from a much smaller price—e-books sell online for somewhere between $2.50 and $7 a copy, compared to the bookstore retail price of between $US10 and $90 depending on the size and quality of the publication.4But how many e-book copies can the authors expect to sell in an electronic market which is still in its infancy3? The best-selling e-author of 1999, Leta Nolan Childers, sold just over 6,000copies of her book The Best Laid Plans."I'm expecting to sell more than I would in the traditional local market, simply because the US market is so much bigger, "says Teague, whose novel, Jagged Greenstone, was runner-up in the UK Romantic Novelists Association New Writers Award.5Email, e-commerce, e-authors, e-books . . . eeeargh! The whole world is on a technological treadmill4.Surely not books? The pleasure of reading isn’t just in the way it allows escape into other worlds. Physical books are a tactile, visual experience. There’s nothing like the anticipation of a new book inn your hands ,the appeal of a cover, and the smell of ink and paper not to mention a small frission of guilt at all those murdered trees5.You can curl up in an armchair, or in bed, with a good book. But surely it will not be the same with a small electronic device, even if it is the size of a paperback and the weight of a hardback, and has a small button that turns the page. e-book—handheld electronic readers with high resolution screens, the ability to store several books at once, but unless you have the small reading devices, that means reading books on a large computer screen, and that definitely doesn’t lend itself to a late-night reading experience in bed.7So far, those are the two forums for e-publishing, a field still the focus of the technologically infatuated. Teague still meets responses such as that of the librarian in her home town When I told her about them (e-books), she just lookedat me blankly,” says Teague, laughing. Or the response of the unnamed executive from a top publishing house who said of e-book publishing:”Isn’t that for failed authors?”8But the Bigs are moving in. Fatbrain.con, which has partnered with Adobe, will let anyone sell digital books on its website and is negotiating with publishers such as Macmillan and McGraw-Hill to find new ways of packaging their titles.Best-selling authors like mystery thriller writers Patricia Cornwell and Jonathan Kelleman are now posting electronic titles on the Internet. The website also displays only e-books that have never been published in paper form.9Recently, top-selling horror story author Stephen King6 wrote and published his first e-book, Riding the Bullet, a 66-page “ghost-story in the grand manner”.It was published only on the Internet on the website of American publishers Simon &Schuster who charged visitors $2.50 to download it. In the first week, 450,000 people visite the site, before other sites copied it and made it available without charge —it’s typical of the Internet, that something will always be copied for free. Computer giant Microsoft and leading US bookstore chain now plan to create a giant e-bookstore. Microsoft is also leading a push to standardize formats for online books to allow them to be downloaded to any computer. Steve Riggio, vice chairman of Barnes and Noble, can see a time in the near future when there will be an electronic version of virtually every book in print.10For unknown author e-books offer a better chance to get published. Fatbrain allows any would-be author to store a manuscript online for just $1 a month.For publishers, it could mean a whole new headache because already established authors could cut out the middleman and release titles straight to their audience, although there will still be a role for the publishing houses in editing and marketing.11 Small book publisher Hazard Press, however, is excited by the possibilities.Managing director Quentin Wilson believes that it will be especially invaluable for selling the company’s back catalogue because it won’t require a print run of thousands just a quick electronic format.12With the kind of heavyweights now backing e-publishing, it’s a matter of when, not if, the phenomenon rolls into town7. Does it mean the death of books as we now know them? What happens when electronic readers are as cheap as dirt, or when media conglomerates give them away to help to sell their vast archives of material? Would you rather pack a box of discs next time you move to a new house, instead of seemingly endless cartons of books? There is still a romance to books that it’s hard to see their electronic cousins replacing.13“I don’t think we’ve reached anything like the version of e-books that will probably come about within a year,”says Wilson. “And I don’t see the actualphysical book disappearing. But I do see the future including the downloading ofa particular book in a formatted file of some kind. It’s inevitable.”14 In the way that horses remained after the advent of the car, books won’tdisappear entirely for book lovers. They will simply become a new form of recreation.15“Nothing beats a beautifully produced book,” says Wilson.1,056 wordsN otes 1.Digital(Paragraph1)→processing, operating on, storing, transmitting, representing,or displaying data in the form of numerical digits, as in a computer2.They're not getting big fat advances from publishers(Paragraph2) →They're notgetting a large amount of money from publishers ahead of time. The publisher signs a written contract with the author specifying the advance and royalties. An advance is a sum of money that the publisher, in effect, loans to the author, while the book is in preparation. The advance is subtracted from the royalties, which are payments that the publisher makes to the author from profits gained from the sale of the book. The publisher pays the author a certain percentage of the price of the book for each copy sold. The contract also names a date for publication.3.In its infancy(Paragraph4) →Something that is in its infancy is just staring to bedeveloped.4.The whole world is on a technological treadmill(Paragraph5) →Moderntechnology is constantly changing the whole world.5.Murdered trees(Paragraph5) →Here it refers to papermaking. Papermakingfibers come from many different plant sources and various woods. Wood is the major source of papermaking fibers.6.Stephen King(Paragraph9) (1947—)→American author, whose horror andfantasy tales enjoy tremendous popular success. His works are known for turning ordinary situation—such as peer pressure or marital stress—into terrifying ones.King’s thrilling plots and prolific output helped reestablish horror fiction as a vital literary genre in the late 20th century. King has also led the way in adopting innovative publishing techniques.7.the phenomenon rolls into town(Paragraph) →E-books become prevalent.Q uestions for discussion1.What are e-books?2.What are the advantages of e-books?3.According to the author, will e-books finally replace traditional printed books?4.What does the author explore in the essay?5.What does the coming of the digital age mean for traditional fields?。
胜利之队彼得的眼睛盯着地面,当他独自一人走在回家的路上时觉得双肩沉重。
今天是他人生中最糟糕的日子。
他脑海里总是不停地想一个小时之前发生在学校足球场上的事。
他怎么错过那个球呢?他让整个球队失望。
他愚蠢的错误使他很生气。
他的球队因为他输了那场比赛。
他很担心教练会把他开除。
他一走进家门,爸爸就问:怎么了,儿子?”彼得的感觉都写在了脸上,“我输了比赛”彼得回答,然后没说一句话就走进了他的房间。
十分钟之后,彼得听到爸爸敲他卧室的门他打开门让他进来。
“看,彼得,我不知道发生了什么,但不管结果怎样不要对自己要求太苛刻。
“我输了比赛,父亲。
我让球队输了。
他们可能永远不会让我踢球了”。
“足球需要团队合作,你不是你们球队输了的唯一原因,如果你们有一个优秀的球队应该互相支持。
除此之外,输赢只是比赛的一半。
另一半是学会如何与队友合作并从错误中吸取教训。
彼得没说什么,但是爸爸的话使他陷入了深思。
第二天,皮特并没有害怕,而是勇敢地去参加足球训练。
他对队友们说,“我对昨天的事感到很抱歉,我们几乎要赢得那场比赛,但我想只要我们继续团结一致,我们就会赢得下一场比赛。
”令他惊讶和欣慰的是,他的队友全都赞同地点头。
他们说,“不要担心,那绝不是一个人的错,我们应该考虑如何在下次比赛中做的更好。
彼得笑了,知道在一个走向胜利的团队中使他感到很幸运。
Key Words and Phrases(重点单词和词组):1. __________ n. 重量;2.___________n. 肩;肩膀3. ______ n. 球门;射门;4. __________ 使失望________v. 使失望5. ________ 教练;私人教师6. __________ 开除某人7. __________ 对某人苛刻8. _________n.勇敢;勇气9. ________ n. 轻松;解脱10. _________n. 过失;缺点11. ________ n. (意见、看法)一致12.__________ 齐心协力;通力合作。