定语从句讲解及练习
（一）、定语从句的定义。
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定
语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
如：1) The man who lives next to u s is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行后词的面。（二）、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限
制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句
主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
（三）、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why 关系词三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
（四）、关系代词的用法
关系代词引导定语从句时，关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(2) The man (who/whom) you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(2) Where is the man( that/whom/who) I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) The classroom whose door is broken is dirty.
【总结】：
关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。如：
代替人代替物代替人或物
主语who which that
宾语whom／who which that
定语whose（＝of whom）whose（＝of which）
1.This is the doctor who/that came from London.
2.The book which／that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.
3. The desk whose leg is broken is very old.
4. This is the room that／which Linda was born in.
【注意】(1)关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：
a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：
What’s that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：
Tom came back，which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
(2) 关系词只能用that的情况：
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，
只能用that，而不用which.例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one 等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？
c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
I can remember well the persons and pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个
房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
（五）、关系副词引的用法
关系副词引导定语从句时，关系副词在从句中充当状语
关系副词= 介词+ 关系代词
why =for which where =in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
when =during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。
By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
3. why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
【注意】1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同定语从句中关系副词when ,where和why互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
= This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
= Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
This is the reason why he came late.
= This is the reason for which he came late.
定语从句专项练习
（一）用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。
1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.
2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.
3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.
4. The woman is here now. You talked about her just now.
5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.
6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.
7. The reason is not clear. He refused my invitation.
8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.
9. I prefer the sweater. The sweater is yellow.
10. I spoke to the boy. The boy's father is a professor.
（二）用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。
1. The house _______ we live in is very big.
2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.
4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.
5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.
6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.
7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.
8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.
9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?
10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.
（三）单项填空。
1. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?
---Oh! It’s Mr. Baker, our math teacher.
A. he
B. that
C. whom
D. which
hey are in trouble.
2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when t
A. who
B. which
C. they
D. where
3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.
A. which
B. when
C. who
D. whom
4. George Mallory was an English teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who
B. whom
C. he
D. which
5. This is the place _____I have ever visited.
A. there
B. when
C. where
D. which
6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.
A. that
B. which
C. why
D. when
7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. why
8. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. on which
10. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.
A. who
B. that
C. whose
D. which
11. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.
A. in which
B. that
C. whose
D. where
13. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist _______ were in the concert we attended last night.
A. which
B. whom
C. who
D. that
14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
15. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when