早发型与晚发型新生儿败血症临床分析
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新生儿败血症社区感染和院内感染的病原菌分析(作者:___________单位: ___________邮编: ___________)【摘要】目的探讨本院新生儿败血症社区感染和院内感染的病原菌及药敏特点,以指导临床早期用药。
方法回顾分析近10年本院新生儿科收治的新生儿败血症246例,分为社区感染组和院内感染组,并对其病原菌及药敏结果进行分析。
结果社区感染早发组病原菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)、大肠埃希菌为主,晚发组以CNS、金黄色葡萄球菌为主。
院内感染早发组和晚发组病原菌均以肺炎克雷伯菌为主。
葡萄球菌属对青霉素、半合成青霉素、一代头孢菌素、红霉素耐药, 对二代头孢菌素部分敏感, 对利福平高度敏感, 对万古霉素敏感率为100%。
产超广谱β内酰胺酶(ESBLS)革兰阴性菌对氨苄青霉素、一代头孢菌素、三代头孢菌素耐药, 对加酶抑制剂部分敏感, 对哌拉西林他唑巴坦高度敏感, 对碳青霉烯类敏感率为100%。
结论社区感染早发型经验性选择抗生素应兼顾革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌,晚发型应选择主要针对葡萄球菌的抗生素;对院内感染,无论早发型还是晚发型均应选择加酶抗生素,以哌拉西林他唑巴坦为首选。
根据病情、病原菌及药敏结果合理选用药物,加强消毒隔离,避免交叉感染,能减缓细菌耐药性的增长。
【关键词】败血症;新生儿;社区获得性感染;院内感染;抗药性;细菌Abstract:Objective To investigate the pathogens responsible for community-acquired and hospital-acquired neonatal septicemia and the antibiotic susceptibility characteristics of the pathogenic bacteria in order to provide guidance on early clinical medication. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 246 cases of neonatal septicemia that were admitted to the neonatal section of our hospital during the past 10 years. The cases were divided into community-acquired infection groups and hospital-acquired infection groups according to the onset, and their pathogenic bacteria and drug susceptibility results were analyzed. Results The bacteria in the community-acquired infection early-onset group were mainly coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CNS) and Escherichia coli, and the pathogens in the late-onset group primarily consisted of CNS and Staphylococcus aureus; while in the hospital-acquired infection (early and late onset) groups, Klebsiella pneumoniae was predominant. Staphylococcus was resistant to penicillin, semi-synthetic penicillin, first-generation cephalosporins and erythromycin. It was susceptible only to certainsecond-generation cephalosporins, highly susceptible to rifampin, and its vancomycin-susceptibility rate was 100%. Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLS) producing Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ampicillin as well as the first-generation and third-generation cephalosporins. They were susceptible to certain beta-lactamase inhibitors and highly susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam, and had 100% susceptibility to carbapenems. Conclusions In the treatment of community-acquired infections, empirical selection of antibiotics should be directed to both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria in the early-onset infections, while in the late onset, antibiotics against Staphylococcus should be the major selection. In the hospital-acquired infections, regardless of early onset or late onset, beta-lactamase inhibitors should be selected, with piperacillin-tazobactam on the top priority. Reasonable choice of drugs should be based on the disease, pathogenic bacteria and drug susceptibility results and preventive use as indicated. Strengthened disinfection and isolation to prevent cross-infection can reduce the growth of bacterial resistance to drugs.Key words:septicemia; neonatal; community-acquired infection; hospital-acquired infection; drug resistance; bacteria英文已换新生儿败血症临床表现无特异性,但后果极其严重,应及早认识,做出诊断性评估,并迅速给予有效抗生素治疗,以提高治愈率[1]。
新生儿败血症是什么【导读】若新生的宝宝出现吃奶减少、少哭闹、面色差、发热或体温不升(35℃以下)、腹胀、腹泻,甚至黄疸现象时则可能是出现了新生儿败血症。
这种病一般是由于宝宝的血液被细菌感染引起的。
这种病必须得到妈妈们的高度重视,新生儿败血症易造成很严重的后果,其最重要的并发症是化脓性脑膜炎、肺炎、肺脓肿、骨髓炎、肾盂肾炎及蜂窝组织炎等。
新生儿败血症是什么新生儿败血症是出现在新生儿身上的一种严重的感染性疾病,病原体会侵入新生儿的血液中,并且在血液中生长、繁殖、产生毒素,造成新生儿全身性炎症的发生。
新生儿败血症之所以棘手还因为它往往缺乏典型的临床表现,而且进展十分迅速,病情往往会快速恶化。
新生儿败血症与新生儿的免疫系统不成熟有很大联系,新生儿免疫功能较差,因而极易发生感染,全身的感染令病情十分险恶。
新生儿败血症的症状新生儿败血症有早发型和晚发型两种,早发型是在新生儿出生后7天内起病,感染多发生于出生前或出生时,死亡率较高,而晚发型在出生7天后起病,感染发生在出生时或出生后,症状有脐炎、肺炎等局部感染病灶,死亡率较早发型要低一些。
新生儿败血症的早期症状常不典型,尤其是早产儿,具体症状可能有进奶量减少或拒乳,溢乳、嗜睡或烦躁不安、哭声低、发热或体温不升等,或者面色苍白、神情萎靡、反应低下等等,这些症状有可能是败血症造成的。
新生儿败血症还是有一些比较明显的确定性的症状,以下这些症状可以高度怀疑是新生儿败血症。
这些症状有:黄疸,肝脾肿大,皮肤黏膜出血、呕血、便血、肺出血等出血症状,休克,呼吸窘迫、呼吸暂停、呕吐、腹胀、中毒性肠麻痹等,可合并脑膜炎、坏死性小肠结肠炎、化脓性关节炎和骨髓炎等。
如果新生儿出现以上这些症状,那么患有败血症的几率就很高了,应该尽快去医院就诊。
新生儿败血症的感染途径新生儿败血症一旦患病就比较严重了,为了更好地了解和预防它,我们需要知道新生儿败血症的主要感染途径,它一般有三种主要的感染途径:1、宫内感染如果母亲在孕期感染了败血症的话,那么细菌会经过胎盘血行感染胎儿。
70广州医药 2023年5月第54卷第5期21例新生儿无乳链球菌败血症临床分析黄秋平 吴 静广州市番禺区妇幼保健院新生儿科(广州 511400)【摘 要】 目的 分析新生儿无乳链球菌(B族链球菌,GBS)败血症的临床特点、围产期高危因素及预后,提高临床对GBS败血症的认识。
方法 选择21例GBS败血症新生儿(收集病例时间为2018年2月—2021年11月),采用回顾性调查法分析临床资料;对新生儿临床资料、实验室检查、影像学资料进行统计和对比,分析临床特征,同时比较患儿合并症情况及评估治疗预后结果等。
结果 GBS败血症新生儿中早发型(90.48%)明显高于迟发型(9.52%),P<0.05;GBS败血症新生儿主要症状表现为发热、发绀、气促、呻吟、抽搐等,以气促、呻吟为主;通过实验室检查,发现患儿普遍存在C反应蛋白、降钙素原、白细胞计数等指标异常情况;经头颅MRI检查提示蛛网膜下腔出血6例;X线提示新生儿吸入性综合征6例、双肺新生儿肺炎4例;部分患儿存在合并症,其中1例合并脑膜炎、3例合并蛛网膜下腔出血、4例合并黄疸、2例合并新生儿低血糖;所有患儿接受抗菌药物治疗,以青霉素、头孢他啶为主,平均住院时间(14.86±2.33)d,治愈19例(占比90.48%)、1例患儿好转后家属要求签字出院,1例家属要求转上级儿童医院。
结论 新生儿无乳链球菌败血症有早发型和迟发型之分,两者的临床表现及特征有明显差异,该病病情较凶险,临床需高度重视本病的防治工作,早期诊断及时治疗干预,以提高新生儿预后。
【关键词】 新生儿;无乳链球菌;败血症;临床分析DOI:10. 3969 / j. issn. 1000-8535. 2023. 05. 012Clinical analysis of 21 newborns with Streptococcus agalactiae sepsisHUANG Qiuping,WU JingDepartment of Neonatology,Panyu Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Guangzhou 511400,China【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics,perinatal high-risk factors and prognosis of neonatal Streptococcus agalactiae(group B Streptococcus,GBS)sepsis,and to improve the clinical understanding of Streptococcus agalactiae sepsis.Methods Twenty-one newborns with GES sepsis were selected(the cases were collected from February 2018 to November 2021),and the clinical data were analyzed by retrospective investigation.The clinical data,laboratory examination and imaging data of newborns were summarized and compared,and the clinical characteristics were analyzed.At the same time,the complications of children were compared and the prognosis of treatment was evaluated.Results In newborns with GBS sepsis,the early-onset rate(90.48%)was significantly higher than the late-onset(9.52%),P < 0.05.The main symptoms of newborns with GBS sepsis were shortness of breath,moaning,fever,cyanosis,convulsions,etc.Through laboratory examination,it was found that there were common abnormalities in C-reactive protein,procalcitonin,leukocyte count and other indicators in children.Transcranial MRI results showed 6 cases with subarachnoid hemorrhage;X-ray showed 6 cases with neonatal aspiration syndrome and 4 cases with both lungs neonatal pneumonia.Some children had complications,including 1 case with meningitis,3 cases with subarachnoid hemorrhage,4 cases with jaundice,and 2 cases with neonatal hypoglycemia.All children were treated with antibiotics,mainly penicillin and ceftazidime.The average hospital stay was(14.86 ± 2.33)days,and 19 cases were cured(accounting for 90.48%).One case of the child’s family member asked to sign and leave the hospital after improvement,and one case of the family member asked to be transferred to a superior children’s hospital.Conclusions Neonatal Streptococcus agalactiae sepsis can be divided into early-onset and late-onset type.There are significant differences in clinical manifestations and characteristics between them.The disease is dangerous,clinical attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of the disease,early diagnosis and timely treatment and intervention,so as to improve the prognosis of newborns.【Key words】 newborns;Streptococcus agalactiae;sepsis;clinical analysis通信作者:吴静,E-mail:138********@71败血症是指各种病原体(细菌、病毒、原虫等)感染所引起的全身炎症反应综合征;致病菌(包括细菌和真菌)侵入新生儿血液循环,并在其中生长繁殖和产生毒素,从而引起新生儿败血症。
新生儿败血症知识点总结一、新生儿败血症概述新生儿败血症是指新生儿因感染引起的全身性炎症反应综合征,是一种严重威胁新生儿生命的疾病。
新生儿的免疫系统尚未完全发育,对感染的抵抗力较弱,因此容易发生败血症。
据统计数据显示,新生儿败血症是新生儿死亡的主要原因之一,因此对新生儿败血症进行及时的诊断和治疗非常重要。
二、新生儿败血症病因新生儿败血症的病因主要包括以下几个方面:1. 母婴传播:孕期的母体感染、分娩过程中产妇生殖道的感染,以及新生儿在分娩过程中被感染,都可能导致新生儿败血症。
2. 医院感染:新生儿在医院接受治疗时,由于免疫系统尚未完全发育,容易受到医院内各种病原菌的感染。
3. 其他感染源:母乳喂养、护理不当等也可能导致新生儿感染。
三、新生儿败血症的临床表现新生儿败血症的临床表现多样化,常见的症状包括:1. 体温异常:发热或低体温。
2. 心率和呼吸急促:新生儿败血症患儿常伴有心率加快和呼吸急促的症状。
3. 营养不良:新生儿败血症患儿常伴有体重减轻、进食乏力等症状。
4. 皮肤症状:皮肤发红、出现疱疹或皮疹等症状。
5. 其他表现:新生儿败血症还可能伴有呕吐、腹泻、惊厥等症状。
四、新生儿败血症的诊断新生儿败血症的诊断通常包括以下几个方面:1. 临床表现:通过观察新生儿的临床表现,包括体温、心率、呼吸等指标来判断是否存在败血症的可能。
2. 实验室检查:进行血液、尿液等常规检查,以及病原菌培养检查,以确认是否存在感染。
3. 影像学检查:如X线、超声等检查,有助于了解感染的范围和严重程度。
五、新生儿败血症的治疗新生儿败血症的治疗主要包括以下几个方面:1. 抗感染治疗:对于已经确认的感染,需要进行抗生素治疗,根据病原菌的培养结果选择合适的抗生素,并在医生的指导下进行规范的使用。
2. 对症治疗:针对新生儿败血症的症状进行对症治疗,如退热、补液等。
3. 营养支持:新生儿败血症患儿常伴有营养不良的症状,需要进行适当的营养支持。
脐带血炎性指标对诊断新生儿早发型败血症的意义摘要】新生儿败血症(neonatal septicemia)是指细菌或真菌侵入新生儿血液循环,并在其中生长、繁殖、产生毒素而造成的全身性炎症反应。
新生儿败血症早期症状常不典型,无特异性,易被漏诊和误诊。
本文主要阐述联合检测脐带血超敏C反应蛋白(high-ensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)和白介素6(IL-6)对诊断新生儿早发型败血症的意义,为新生儿败血症早期诊断提供帮助。
【关键词】新生儿败血症;C反应蛋白;降钙素原;白介素6【中图分类号】R722.13+1 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1007-8231(2015)14-0036-02Inflammation indicators of the cord blood to significance in diagnosis of neonatal early-onset sepsis【Abstract】Neonatal septicemia refers to the pathogenic bacteria or fungi invade the blood circulation of Neonates, growing and vegetating inside, producing toxin and causing generalized infection. Early symptoms of the neonatal sepsis are often atypical and no specificity, people easy to be missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The purpose of this article is to join the cord blood hypersensitive c-reactive protein, calcitonin and interleukin-6 to significance in diagnosis of neonatal early-onset sepsis, Make a contribution for neonatal sepsis.【Key words】Neonatal septicemia; C reactive protein; Calcitonin; Interleukin-6新生儿败血症(neonatal septicemia)是指细菌或真菌侵入新生儿血液循环,并在其中生长、繁殖、产生毒素而造成的全身性炎症反应。