人教版八年级上册第二章单元测试

八年级上册数学第二单元测试题人教版一、选择题1.下列计算正确的是（）A. 3a + 2b = 5abB. 5a2 = 3C. 7a + a = 7a^2D. 2(a + b) = 2a + 2b2.下列说法中，正确的是（）A. 两个全等的三角形一定成轴对称B. 成轴对称的两个图形一定全等C. 两个全等的等边三角形一定是轴对称图形D. 成轴对称的两个图形中，对应点所连的线段不一定经过对称轴3.下列各式由等号左边变到右边变错的是（）A. (x - 1)2 + 1 - 2xB. (x + 5)(x - 5) = x^2 - 25C. (x + y)^2 = x^2 + y^2 + xyD. x^2 - 9 + 6x = (x + 3)(x - 3) + 6x4.下列方程中，是一元一次方程的是（）A. x^2 - 2x - 3 = 0B. y - 2 = 3/xC. 1/2x - 7 = 8 - 3xD. x + y = 15.下列各式中，不能用同底数幂的乘法法则进行运算的是（）A. a3B. a3C. (-a)3D. (a - b)3二、填空题6.若一个正方体的棱长是4cm，则它的体积是_______ cm³。

7.若 (a + 1)^0 = 1，则 a _______ 1（填“>”“<”或“≠”）。

8.计算：(-a)2 = _______。

9.已知 |x| = 5，y = 3，则 x - y = _______ 或 _______。

10.已知直线 a 平行于 x 轴，点 M(-2, -3)是直线 a 上的一个点，若点 N也是直线 a 上的一个点，请写出符合条件的一个点 N 的坐标为 _______。

三、解答题11.解方程：3(x + 2) - x = 4(x - 1)。

12.先化简，再求值：(a + b)^2 - 2ab，其中 a = 2，b = 1/2。

13.某水果店进了某种水果1t，进价是7元/kg，售价为10元/kg，销售了一半以后，为了尽快售完，准备降价出售。

第二章声现象一、选择题(每题3分，共30分)1．有关声音的知识，下列说法正确的是（）A．演奏古筝时按压不同的弦是为了改变其响度B．用大小不同的力击打鼓面是为了改变其音调C．摩托车安装消音器是为了在传播过程中减弱噪声D．能分辨出《二泉映月》是用二胡演奏的，是因为不同乐器发声时音色不同2．关于声现象，下列说法正确的是A．调节手机音量是为了改变声音的音调B．考场附近禁止鸣笛，是在声源处减弱噪声C．超声波的传播不需要介质D．医生通过听诊器给病人诊病是利用声波可以传递能量3．下列做法中，不能改变音调的是A B C DA．用同一张卡片先后以不同速度划过梳齿B．用相同力度敲击大小不同的编钟C．改变杯内水量，用湿手摩擦杯口发声D．保持钢尺伸出桌面的长度不变，用大小不同的力拨动钢尺4．公共场所不要高声喧哗，这里的“高”是指声音的（）A．响度 B．音调 C．音色 D．频率5．下列仪器或设备工作时，利用声来传递能量的是( )A．超声测距B．超声波加湿器C．彩超检查胎儿的发育情况 D．超声波探伤仪检查铁轨6．伴随现代社会的高速发展，噪声已严重影响人们的正常生活和工作，如图2－Z－1所示事例中不是直接控制噪声措施的是( )图2－Z－17．某中学开展了丰富多彩的课外活动，在陶笛兴趣课上，小芳用相同的力吹陶笛(图2－Z－2)，手堵住不同的小孔，听到陶笛发出的声音不同。

根据这一现象，她提出了四个问题，其中最有探究价值且易于探究的科学问题是( )图2－Z－2A．陶笛为什么会发出不同的声音B．陶笛发出声音的音调与小孔之间有什么关系C．声音的音调与哪些因素有关D．声音的响度与哪些因素有关8．关于如图2－Z－3所示四幅图，下列说法正确的是( )图2－Z－3A．图甲：小明敲鼓时用力越大，鼓发出声音的音调越高B．图乙：广口瓶中的空气越稀薄，人听到手机铃声的响度越大C．图丙：纸板划得越慢，振动得越慢，发出声音的音调越低D．图丁：安装“噪声监测仪”可以根治噪声污染9．如图2－Z－4所示，下列说法正确的是( )图2－Z －410．如图2－Z －5所示是探究声现象的四个实验情景，下列说法正确的是( )图2－Z －5A ．甲实验说明声音的传播需要介质B ．乙实验说明钢尺振动的频率越高，响度越大C ．丙实验说明音叉的振幅越大，音调越高D ．丁实验说明声波不能传递能量二、填空题(每空1分，共21分)11．一曲《涠洲渔火》独弦琴独奏将北海园博园艺术表演推向了高潮，引来无数游人驻足聆听。

《声现象》单元测试卷一．选择题（共10小题）1．在敲响寺庙的大钟后，停止对大钟的撞击，大钟仍“余音未止”，其原因（）A．大钟仍继续振动B．钟声的回声C．人的听觉“延长”D．大钟停止了振动，但空气仍在振动2．钓鱼时不能大声喧哗，因为鱼受到惊吓就会游走，这表明（）A．只有空气能传声B．声音在任何情况下都能传播C．液体不能传声D．不仅空气能传声，水也能传声3．从声源发出的声音，在空气中传播的过程中（设空气密度是均匀的）（）A．声波的波速不断减小B．声波的频率不断减小C．声波的振幅不断减小D．以上都正确4．影响声音传播速度大小的因素是（）A．发声物体的材料和结构B．传播声音的介质C．声源振动的频率D．声源振动的幅度5．坐在教室里面听老师上课，听不到回声，其原因是…（）A．老师说话的声音太小了B．老师的回声与原声混在一起，加强了原声C．教室里安静，老师说话的声音太大D．声音传播太快了，使回声太小听不到了6．利用回声定位的方法可以很方便地测出距离，但这种方法不能解决下列哪个问题（）A．测海底深度B．测敌机的远近C．测与山峰间的距离D．测雷电发生地与我们间的距离7．若某一声源在振动，但人耳听不到声音，而猫狗却竖起耳朵能听到声音，这是因为（）A．在振动的声源周围没有介质B．振动的声源离人太远C．声源发出的声音音调太高，超出人耳的听觉范围D．声源振动的振幅太小8．用手指堵住双耳，则下列说法正确的是（）A．只能听到自己的讲话声B．只能听到别人的讲话声C．自己和别人的讲话声都能听到D．自己和别人的讲话声都听不到9．人们凭听觉可判断声源位置，以下说法正确的是（）A．靠骨传导判断的B．靠声源的音调判断的C．靠双耳效应判断的D．靠声源的响度判断的10．云贵中学在2014五四活动中，看操场上的同学表演时，演奏者常旋动琴弦轴以调节琴弦的松紧，俗称“定弦”这主要是为了改变声音的（）A．响度B．音调C．音色D．振幅二．填空题（共5小题）11．如图中的吼猴是世界上叫声最响的动物之一，它能以雷鸣般的吼声警告其他动物不要侵犯它的领地。

人教版八年级英语上册Unit 2 How often do you exercise？单元测试卷（考试时间：60分钟试卷满分：100分）一、单项选择（每小题1分，共10分）1．Tina gets up early every morning, so she is ________ late for school.A．often B．always C．usually D．never2．I ________ go to the art museum because I like painting.A．often B．hardly C．never3．The specials in the restaurant taste ________ and sell ________. Many customers come here on weekends.A．well; good B．good; good C．good; well4．—________ does your school organize an English Reading Festival?—Once a term.A．How often B．How old C．How long D．How soon5．—________ do you play volleyball, Amy?—Three days a week.A．How long B．How soon C．How often D．How much6．— It’s relaxing to sit ________ the window when the moon is shining beautifully.— Exactly. Then we can enjoy the peaceful night.A．on B．by C．through D．over7．When we saw the ________ of the volleyball match, we’re so excited.A．rest B．progress C．pleasure D．result8．You can’t use mobile phones too much, ________ they are very convenient.A．or B．although C．so D．because9．Jack bought some CD-ROMs, but he found ________ of them to be any good.A．no B．not C．nobody D．none10．—What do you think of the sci-fi movie Avatar?— It’s well worth watching. We were so _______ that we could _______ keep still. A．exciting; hardly B．exciting; hardC．excited; hardly D．excited; hard二、完形填空（每小题1分，共10分）Last winter holiday, my friend and I visited a village with only 10 houses. ___11___ the village was small, it was very beautiful.The village became popular because of a good ___12___ of Uncle Chen’s. Uncle Chen loved his village deeply and he wanted to make it more beautiful. He ___13___ painting very much. So he began to ___14___ pictures on the walls of his own house and other villagers’ houses. In the village, there were many paintings of ___15___ such as cats and dogs. Also there were many paintings of people. And the most popular ones ___16___ tourists were some pictures of famous people. One of ___17___ was a picture of Yuan Longping. I ___18___ liked this picture. So I asked my friend to ___19___ a photo of the picture and me. From these beautiful paintings and the villagers’ smiling faces, I could see the villagers living a ___20___ life.I had a good time in the village and wished to visit it again.11．A．When B．Because C．Although12．A．book B．idea C．game13．A．liked B．minded C．hated14．A．buy B．draw C．sell15．A．animals B．flowers C．trees16．A．for B．against C．as17．A．you B．us C．them18．A．nearly B．really C．hardly19．A．take B．borrow C．give20．A．bad B．sad C．happy三、阅读理解（每小题2分，共40分）ADo you love fast food? Why? How often do you eat it? 200 people joined our survey. And here is the result.Chart 1: How often do you eat fast food?Chart 2: Why do you love fast food?21．________ of the people eat fast food once a week.A．14%B．28%C．8%D．44%22．6% of the people eat fast food ________.A．twice a week B．three times a week C．more than three times a week D．every day23．44 people love fast food because it's ________.A．cheap B．delicious C．healthy D．convenient24．________ of the people like fast food because they can take it away.A．12%B．14%C．22%D．24%25．What can we learn from the result?A．All people love fast food.B．Fast food makes people fat.C．People eat fast food on weekends.D．Some people don't know what food is healthier.BMrs. Smith has two children now. She tries to keep thin and never eats any meat or eggs. She likes all kinds of nice clothes. Mr. Smith has to spend much money on them. But the man always wears old clothes. He has not enough money to buy new clothes. Mrs. Smith hopes to keep young. She doesn’t want others to know how old she is.It was snowing heavily one afternoon. The head of her office went to a meeting. The woman had nothing to do. So she began to tell Mr. Smith about her birthday party. Mr. Smith works in the same office.“You should have seen the cake,” said the woman, “It was nice and delicious! I put nineteen candles on it—one for a year!”“Was it possible?” asked Mr. Smith, “You couldn’t burn at both ends at all!”26．There are ________ people in Mrs. Smith’s family.A．two B．three C．four D．five27．Mrs. Smith hopes to be ________.A．healthy and strong B．beautiful and young C．friendly and free D．busy and clever28．Mr. Smith wears old clothes because ________.A．he works in a factory B．he is a farmerC．he has a lot of housework to do at home D．he has not enough money to buy new ones for himself29．Mrs. Smith told Mr. Smith about her birthday party ________.A．after the head left the office B．when it began to snowC．on her way home D．when she met him in the street30．Mr. Smith thought ________.A．Mrs. Smith was young B．Mrs. Smith looked thinC．Mrs. Smith was thirty-eight D．the woman was rightCTravelling is Jane’s favourite. She has been to many places of interest in the world with her family. Last year they went to London.It was an early Friday morning. They took a taxi to the train station and took a train to London. When they arrived in London, they visited the Tower of London, the Tower Bridge, the British Museum and many other places of interest. They enjoyed themselves in London for a week. They had a lot of interesting experiences during the trip. The most interesting one was that they met a parrot in a pet shop. In the pet shop, they saw a parrot with a red string tied (系) to its left leg and a green string tied to its right leg. They asked the owner why the parrot had these strings tied to its legs. “Well, this is a well trained parrot. If you pull the red string, he speaks English; if you pull the green string, he speaks French,” answered the shop owner.“And what will happen if I pull both?”“It will fall down.”31．Where did Jane go last year?A．To America.B．To Japan.C．To Britain.D．To China.32．How did Jane get there?A．By bus and plane.B．By train and ship.C．By air and taxi.D．By taxi and train.33．How long did they stay there?A．For five days.B．For seven days.C．For a month.D．For one year.34．What was the most interesting part of the trip?A．They met a parrot in a pet shop.B．They visited the Tower of London.C．They met a strange man.D．They visited the British Museum.35．What language could the parrot speak?A．Chinese and English.B．English and French.C．Japanese and English.D．Chinese and Japanese.DOn Dec. 9, three Chinese astronauts gave a science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth! Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu who are working aboard the Tiangong space station, showed our students a glimpse of their life there. They also did some fun science experiments. Let’s take a look at some of them.Use it or lose itThe human body grows with the pull of Earth’s gravity（重力）. But in space, our bones and muscles（肌肉）don’t need to support our body’s weight. This will cause bone and muscle loss. It’s reported that astronauts can lose up to 20% of their muscles after just a couple of weeks. That is dangerous for astronauts because they will be too weak to work.Astronauts have different ways to prevent this. During the lecture, Zhai introduced a special uniform Ye was wearing. It’s called a “penguin suit”. There are many elastic bands（弹力带）inside the suit. Wearing it, astronauts use their muscles to stretch（拉伸）the bands. This keeps their muscles strong. Wang also showed students how she walked on a treadmill（跑步机）and rode a bicycle. Astronauts exercise with these tools every day to prevent muscle loss.Space water is differentWater in space acts differently from water on Earth in other ways. For example, water will not flow（流动）downward if you try to pour it into a cup. That’s why astronauts usually drink water through straws（吸管）in sealed（密封的）bags. If astronauts cry, the tears will stay on their eyeballs instead of falling down. They have to wipe（擦拭）them away！During another experiment, Wang made a water film（膜）. Then she added more water drops onto the film to make it a water ball. This can never happen on Earth.36．The astronauts gave a ________ lecture 400 kilometers above Earth on Dec. 9.A．science B．Chinese C．history D．geography37．The astronauts might become weak in the space because ________.A．their bodies will stop growingB．they have to work for long hoursC．they might lose some of their musclesD．their muscles have to support more weight38．Zhai showed ________ to the students during the lecture.A．Earth’s gravity B．a “penguin suit”C．a treadmill D．a bicycle39．Which is NOT TRUE about water in space?A．If astronauts cry, the tears will stay on their eyeballs.B．If astronauts pour the water into a cup, it will flow downward.C．If astronauts add more water drops onto the film, it will become a water ball.D．The astronauts usually drink water through straws in sealed bags.40．The word “_________” can best describe the lecture in space.A．Boring B．Careless C．Dangerous D．Eye-opening四、任务型阅读（每小题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文, 用英语完成思维导图。