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小学英语名词用法及练习

小学英语名词用法及练习
小学英语名词用法及练习

小学英语语法大全

第一章名词

一、定义

名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。

二、分类

1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词

如:John is a student

student是普通名词,John是专有名词

普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。

3. 专有名词

专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。

三、名词的数

1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词

可数名词分为单数和复数。

名词单数就是该词本身,在其前面加a或an。

1)单数

如a desk(一张桌子)an old desk(一张旧书桌)

2)复数:要表示一个以上概念时,要用名词复数形式

规则变化

1)一般情况下加-s

如book--books(书)desk--desks(书桌)

2)以s ,x ,ch , sh结尾加-es

如box--boxes(盒子)bus--buses(公共汽车)

3)以辅音字母+结尾,变y为i再加- es。

如city--cities(城市) country--countries(国家)

注意以元音+y,直接加s。如:day--days(天),boy--boys(男孩)

4)以f或fe结尾,复数一般变f或fe 为v再加-es

如knife-knives(书) , half-halves(一半)

注意有少数词后直接加s,如roof-roofs (屋顶)

5)以o结尾

(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es

如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮) potato-potatoes(土豆)

(2) 元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s

如piano-pianos (钢琴), zoo-zoos(动物园) photo-photos (照片), kilo-kilos(千克) 不规则变化

1) 元音字母发变化。

如man--men(男人) woman--women(妇女) tooth--teeth(牙齿) ,foot--feet(脚) mouse--mice(老鼠) policeman—policemen(警察)

2) 词尾发生变化。

如child--children(小孩) ,ox--oxen(公牛)

3) 单、复数形式相同。

如fish--fish(鱼) ,sheep--sheep(绵羊) ,deer--deer(鹿) ,

Chinese--Chinese(中国人) ,yuan--yuan(元)

4) 形似单数,实为复数意义。

如people(人,人们) these people (不说a people,可说a person) police(公安,警察) ten police (不说a police,可说a policeman)

注意

①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数,没有复数。②fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。

②hair和fruit通常作单数,表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果,则需用这两个词的复数形式。

如Would you like some more fruit 你要不要再吃点水果

China has some good frits. 中国有一些好的水果。(指种类)

She has a few white hairs. 她有几要白头发。

His black hair is going white. 他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。

7) 有些名词只有作复数。

trousers(裤子) shorts(短裤) jeans(工装裤) goods 商品clothes 衣服sunglasses(太阳镜) surroundings(环境) savings(储蓄) writings(作品)

集体名词

表示一群人或物的名词叫集体(或集合)名词。

Traiffic 交通furniture 家私information 信息traffic 交通luggage 行李Family 家庭police 警察audience 听众English 英国人public equipment 仪器

把集体当作一个整体时,用作单数;若考虑构成这些集体的各个成员时,看作复数。

My family is a large one. 我家是个大家庭。

My family are all workers. 我的家人都是工人。

不可数名词

air 空气bread 面包chalk 粉笔change 零钱cloth 布coffee 咖啡cotton 棉花fire 火food 食品fun 乐趣

gas 汽油glass 玻璃grain 谷物grass 草ink 墨水

luck 运气meat 肉money 钱music 音乐news 新闻paper 纸tea 茶rain 雨rice 米sand 沙smoke 烟snow 雪sugar 糖waste 废物water 水wealth 财富weather 天气wind 风housework 家务homework 作业

量的表达

可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰two apples

some, a lot of,a few 用等表示多少some problems

对可数名词的数量提问用how many

不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:

1)some, a little, a lot of, plenty of 用等表示多少。

如There is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。

I'll tell you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息。

We should collect some useful information我们应该收集一些有用的消息。2)用单位词表示。

用a ... of 表示。

a cup of (一杯......),a bottle of (一瓶......)

a piece of (一张......),a pair of shoes(一双鞋)

如two cups of tea(两杯茶),five pieces of paper(五张纸)

名词所有格

名词所有格表示名词的所属关系。由两种形式构成:‘s属格和of所有格1.‘表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加’s来表示所有关系。

a mile’s distance 一英里的距离the moon’s light 月光

today’s newspaper 今天的报纸

但如果该名词是以-s或-es接尾,则只在该名词后加’来构成所有格。

3 hours’ walk 三小时的路程two miles’ distance 两英里的距离

2.of所有格用法

主要用以表示无生命的名词

the gate of the school, he window of the room。

3.双重所有格

所谓“双重所有格(double genitive)”,是指名词所有格或名词性物主代词同of构成的所有格,即“of+名词所有格”。双重所有格有以下几个特

征:

1)“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。因此,我们可以说:

a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧), a friend of my wife’s

(我妻子的一个朋友),但却不能说 a funnel of the ship’s或 a leg of a table’s,而且该名词必须是特指的,不能是泛指的。我们可以说:a friend of t he doctor’s(这位医生的一个朋友),a novel of the writer’s(那位作者的一

部小说),而不能说a friend of a doctor’s或 a novel of a writer’s。

2)除了修饰的原因外,用双重所有格主要是由于被修饰词有排他性的限定词。如冠词、某些不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词、数词等。比如我

们不能说an our old acquaintance,而必须说an old acquaintance of ours(我

们的一个老相识);不能说many their books,正确的说法是many books of theirs(他们的许多书)。再如:

This demand of theirs is quite ridiculous.他们的这个要求非常可笑。

“This foolish wife of mine thinks I’m a great artist,” said he.

“我那愚蠢的老婆以为我是个大艺术家。”他说道。

3)注意区别下列四种表达方式含义的差别:

one of my brother’s friends(明确表示我兄弟有一个以上的朋友)

a friend of my brother’s(暗示我兄弟有一个以上的朋友)

a friend of my brother(对我兄弟有好感的人)

my brother’s friend(我兄弟唯一的一个朋友或刚谈及的那一个朋友)4.特殊所有格

若一样东西为两人共有,则后一个人名用所有格;如果不是两人共有,而是各有各的,则两个名词都用所有格,且其后名词应为复数。例如:The woman dressed in blue is Mary an d Alice’s mother.

那个穿蓝衣服的妇女是玛丽和爱丽丝的母亲。

You should find what the difference between Mr.Smith’s and Mr.Black’s cars is.

你应当发现史密斯先生与布莱克先生的汽车的不同之处。

一、把单数变成复数

coat _______ skirt _______ dress _______ house _______ watch _______ car _______ brush _______ box _______

toy _______ umbrella _______ ticket _______ fox___________

teacher _______ son _______ student _______ job _______

fly _______ radio_________ life__________ shelf__________ piano_________ sheep___________ foot_________ child_________ Chinese_________ baby_________ country___________ bus___________ photo_____________ she_________ this___________ is_________

二、用所给名词的适当形式填空。

1. We are ________ (student).

2. I have five ________ (watch).

3. Her father is a ________ (doctor).

4. What’s your ______ (job)

5. What are their ________ (job)

6. These _________ (shelf) are not very good.

7. Two ________ (wolf) are in the forest.

8. The ____________ (housewife) are very lazy.

9. I have two ________ (knife). Do you need one

10. There is a _______ (hero).

11. This _______ (potato) is very nice.

12. There is a red _________ (tomato) on the table.

13. We have four ________ (piano) in our school

三、选择填空

( ) 1. The _____ are on the table.

A. knife

B. knifes

C. knives

( ) 2. We need three more _____ to cook chips.

A. potato

B. potatos

C. potatoes

( ) 3. What big _____ the tiger has!

A. tooth

B. toothes

C. teeth

( ) 4. Please remember to give the horse some______.

A. leafs

B. leaves

C. leaf

( ) 5. There are 34 _____ in our school.

A. woman teachers

B. women teachers

C. women teacher

D. womans teachers

( ) 6、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.

A. are photoes

B. are photos

C. is a photo

D. is photos

( )7. There are four and two in the group.

A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen

C. Japanese,German , Germans

( )8. That’s art book.

A. an

B. a

C. the D are

( )9. There some in the river.

A. is ,fish

B. are, fishs

C. is, fishs

D. are ,fish

( )10. There two in the box.

A. is watch

B. are watches

C. are watch

D. is watches

( )11. We should clean twice a day.

A .our tooth tooths C. us teeth teeth

( )12. In Britain _____ are all painted red.

boxes boxes box box

( ) ________reading-room is big and bright.

’s ’s ’

( ) teacher give the pupils________.

advice advices advice advices

( ) has _________.

bread pieces of bread

piece of bread pieces of breads

( ) fish ______swimming.

B .are D .be

( ) am buying ________trousers.

C. a pair of pair of

( ) is ________.

and Bob’s and Bob ’s and Bob’s ’s and Bob

( ) news _______good.

( )20. What are_______They are apples.

四、写出下列句子的复数句子。

1. This is my friend. ____________________________________

2 That is his brother. ____________________________________

3. Is this your sister ____________________________________

4. Is that her cousin ____________________________________

5. What’s this____________________________________

6. This is an apple tree. _____________________________________

7. It is an old backpack.

8. Yes,it is.

五、用a/an填空:

there _____ umbrella on the desk

is _____ island in the sea.

is _____ picture on the card.

have _____ old book.

apple is a kind of fruit.

is _____ armchair in the living room.

'd like _____ egg.

, there is _____ bird in the tree.

there _____ map on the walll

is _____ bench in the park

六、从所给的单词中选出恰当的词填空

cup piece pair glass bowl plate box bottle

_______of paper _______of milk

shoes _______of rice

of bread water

__________of tea pencils

七、翻译

1.四条鱼________________________________

2.五块面包________________________________

3.我妹妹的一张相片________________________________的自行车________________________________

5.女孩们的玩具________________________________

6.儿童节________________________________

7.两盒子书________________________________

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12.eye__________ 13.sheep_________ 14.tomato_______ 15.library_________ 16.goose_________ 17.photo________ 18.telephone_________ 三.填入所给名词的适当形式 1.We have three________(pen). 2.This is an __________(apple). 3.Where is the__________(pencil)? 4.There is a little __________ in the bottle(juice). 5.Are you a __________(driver)? Yes, I am. 6.There are a few __________(watch)on the desk. 7.Many__________(shelf)are in our school library. 8.He has some__________(ink). 9.The__________(girl)in red is Mary. 10.How many__________(people)are there in your family? Three. 四.将下列名词按所给例词的词义属性归类 school pineapple panda jacket peach cat pen library hat trousers ruler classroom lemon dress tiger playground ink eraser shirt elephant ballpoint–pen computer room deer pencil-case snake shorts socks

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(完整word版)小学英语名词专项练习

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classroom lemon dress tiger playground ink eraser shirt elephant ballpoint–pen computer room deer pencil-case snake shorts socks 1.pencil-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.banana------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.coat---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4.wolf---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.school building--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 二.动词 (v.) 1.定义表示动作、状态、或者性质的词。 2.常见的动词分为四大类,即行为动词、系动词、情态动词、助动词 行为动词swim dance wash go buy fly sleep 系动词be (am is are was were) seem look smell sound taste feel become get 情态动词can may must will shall should would 助动词do does don’t doesn’t did didn’t 快乐练兵场 1._____玩、踢 2. _____滑冰 3._____跳 4._____走 5.______跑 6.______往上爬 7.______吃 8._______有、吃 9._______买 10.______买、带11._______居住12._______教

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17、photo________ 18、telephone_________三、填入所给名词的适当形式 1、We have three________(pen)、 2、 This is an __________(apple)、3、 Where is the__________(pencil)? 4、 There is a little __________ in the bottle(juice)、5、 Are you a __________(driver)? Yes, I am、6、 There are a few __________(watch)on the desk、7、Many__________(shelf)are in our school library、8、 He has some__________(ink)、9、 The__________(girl)in red is Mary、 10、 How many__________(people)are there in your family? Three、四、将下列名词按所给例词的词义属性归类school pineapple panda jacket peach cat pen library hat trousers ruler classroom lemon dress tiger playground ink eraser shirt elephant ballpoint–pen computer room deer pencil-case snake shorts socks 1、 pencil___________________________________________________ _________ 2、 banana___________________________________________________ ________

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抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的词。如:health健康 (2)根据是否能够用数字来计算,名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。 ①可数名词 可数名词是表示可以计算数目的人或物的名词。可数名词有单、复数两种形式;可数名词的单 数形式要在名词前加“a”或“an”;复数形式一般是在名词后加“ s”“ es”。名词复数形式有规则变化 和不规则变化两种,规则变化: A、一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds B、以s. x. sh. ch结尾的单词,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch- watches, C、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry- strawberries D、以“f或fe”结尾的单词,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives,loaf-loaves, leaf- leaves E、以“o”结尾的单词,除“tomato-tomatoes”“potato-potatoes”“hero-heroes”以外,其他都是 加-es ②可数名词复数的不规则变化 A、单复数同形:sheep-sheep people-people fish-fish B、不规则变化: child-children ox-oxen foot-feet man-men tooth-teeth mouse-mice policewoman-policewomen woman-women policeman-policemen C、表某国人的名词的单复数形式: a.单复数形式相同:如Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese

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A1小学英语名词专项练习 ( )1. They come from different ______ A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys ( )2. How many ______ do you see in the picture? A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato ( )3. They are______. A. woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher ( )4. Would you like _______ , please? A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters ( )5. Most of ______ live in _______. A. Germans, German B. German, Germen C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany ( )6. There are some ______ in these _______. A. knifes…pencil-boxes B. knives…pencils-box C. knives…pencil-box D. knives…p encils-boxes ( )7. ______ like ______ by air. A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling ( )8. I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片). A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples ( )9. There is no ______ in the plate. A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs ( )10. _______ are good for our health. A. Tomatos B. Tomatoes C. Tomato yunying English Education internal material 1

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小学英语名词专项练习

望子成龙学校 少儿英语教学“课课报” 教师Miss Fu 学生姓名_____学期第__3 次课 ?sad?just soso?fine?hungry?。。。please draw your feelings,Don’t be shy! 一.圈出下列单词中的不可数名词 peach ink water zoo sister coffee knife snow ice tea orange fridge jeep rain wind car teacher music ear cola watermelon cherry 二.写出下列名词的复数形式 1.watch__________ 2.class__________ 3.shelf__________ 4.dog__________ 5.dish__________ 6.child__________ 7.nurse__________ 8.desk__________ 9.boy__________ 10.baby__________ 11.tooth_________ 12.eye__________ 13.sheep_________ 14.tomato_______ 15.library_________

16.goose_________ 17.photo________ 18.telephone_________ 三.将下列名词按所给例词的词义属性归类 school pineapple panda jacket peach cat pen library hat trousers ruler classroom lemon dress tiger playground ink eraser shirt elephant ballpoint–pen computer room deer pencil-case snake shorts socks 1.pencil________________________________________________________ ____ 2.banana______________________________________________________ _____ 3.coat__________________________________________________________ ___ 4.wolf__________________________________________________________ ___ 5.school building____________________________________________________

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