ABAQUS-umat

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UMAT25.2.30UMAT:Usersubroutinetodefineamaterial’smechanicalbehavior.

Product:ABAQUS/StandardWARNING:Theuseofthissubroutinegenerallyrequiresconsiderableexpertise.Youarecautionedthattheimplementationofanyrealisticconstitutivemodelrequiresextensivedevelopmentandtesting.Initialtestingonasingle-elementmodelwithprescribedtractionloadingisstronglyrecommended.

References•“User-definedmechanicalmaterialbehavior,”Section12.8.1

•“User-definedthermalmaterialbehavior,”Section12.8.2

•*USERMATERIAL

OverviewUsersubroutineUMAT:•canbeusedtodefinethemechanicalconstitutivebehaviorofamaterial;

•willbecalledatallmaterialcalculationpointsofelementsforwhichthematerialdefinitionincludes

auser-definedmaterialbehavior;•canbeusedwithanyprocedurethatincludesmechanicalbehavior;

•canusesolution-dependentstatevariables;

•mustupdatethestressesandsolution-dependentstatevariablestotheirvaluesattheendofthe

incrementforwhichitiscalled;•mustprovidethematerialJacobianmatrix,,forthemechanicalconstitutivemodel;

•canbeusedinconjunctionwithusersubroutineUSDFLDtoredefineanyfieldvariablesbeforethey

arepassedin(see“USDFLD,”Section25.2.39);and•isdescribedfurtherin“User-definedmechanicalmaterialbehavior,”Section12.8.1.

StorageofstressandstraincomponentsInthestressandstrainarraysandinthematricesDDSDDE,DDSDDT,andDRPLDE,directcomponentsarestoredfirst,followedbyshearcomponents.ThereareNDIdirectandNSHRengineeringshearcomponents.Theorderofthecomponentsisdefinedin“Conventions,”Section1.2.2.Sincethenumberofactivestressandstraincomponentsvariesbetweenelementtypes,theroutinemustbecodedtoprovideforallelementtypeswithwhichitwillbeused.

25.2.30–1UMATDefininglocalorientationsIfalocalorientation(“Orientations,”Section2.2.5)isusedatthesamepointasusersubroutineUMAT,thestressandstraincomponentswillbeinthelocalorientation;and,inthecaseoffinite-strainanalysis,thebasissysteminwhichstressandstraincomponentsarestoredrotateswiththematerial.

StabilityYoushouldensurethattheintegrationschemecodedinthisroutineisstable—nodirectprovisionismadetoincludeastabilitylimitinthetimesteppingschemebasedonthecalculationsinUMAT.

ConvergencerateDDSDDEand,forcoupledtemperature-displacementanalyses,DDSDDT,DRPLDE,andDRPLDT,mustbedefinedaccuratelyifrapidconvergenceoftheoverallNewtonschemeistobeachieved.Inmostcasestheaccuracyofthisdefinitionisthemostimportantfactorgoverningtheconvergencerate.Sincenonsymmetricequationsolutionisasmuchasfourtimesasexpensiveasthecorrespondingsymmetricsystem,iftheconstitutiveJacobian(DDSDDE)isonlyslightlynonsymmetric(forexample,africtionalmaterialwithasmallfrictionangle),itmaybelessexpensivecomputationallytouseasymmetricapproximationandacceptaslowerconvergencerate.AnincorrectdefinitionofthematerialJacobianaffectsonlytheconvergencerate;theresults(ifobtained)areunaffected.

SpecialconsiderationsforvariouselementtypesThereareseveralspecialconsiderationsthatneedtobenoted.

AvailabilityofdeformationgradientThedeformationgradientisavailableforsolid(continuum)elements,membranes,andfinite-strainshells(S3/S3R,S4,S4R,SAXs,andSAXAs).Itisnotavailableforbeamsorsmall-strainshells.Itisstoredasa3×3matrixwithcomponentequivalenceDFGRD0(I,J).Forfullyintegratedfirst-orderisoparametricelements(4-nodequadrilateralsintwodimensionsand8-nodehexahedrainthreedimensions)theselectivelyreducedintegrationtechniqueisused(alsoknownasthetechnique).Thus,amodifieddeformationgradient

ispassedintousersubroutineUMAT.Formoredetails,see“Solidisoparametricquadrilateralsandhexahedra,”Section3.2.4oftheABAQUSTheoryManual.

BeamsandshellsthatcalculatetransverseshearenergyIfusersubroutineUMATisusedtodescribethematerialofbeamsorshellsthatcalculatetransverseshearenergy,youmustspecifythetransverseshearstiffnessaspartofthebeamorshellsectiondefinitionto

25.2.30–2UMATdefinethetransverseshearbehavior.See“Shellsectionbehavior,”Section15.6.4,and“Choosingabeamelement,”Section15.3.3,forinformationonspecifyingthisstiffness.

Open-sectionbeamelementsWhenusersubroutineUMATisusedtodescribethematerialresponseofbeamswithopensections(forexample,anI-section),thetorsionalstiffnessisobtainedas

whereisthetorsionalrigidity,isthesectionarea,isashearfactor,andistheuser-specifiedtransverseshearstiffness(see“Transverseshearstiffnessdefinition”in“Choosingabeamelement,”Section15.3.3).

ElementswithhourglassingmodesIfthiscapabilityisusedtodescribethematerialofelementswithhourglassingmodes,youmustdefinethehourglassstiffnessfactorforhourglasscontrolbasedonthetotalstiffnessapproachaspartoftheelementsectiondefinition.Thehourglassstiffnessfactorisnotrequiredforenhancedhourglasscontrol,butyoucandefineascalingfactorforthestiffnessassociatedwiththedrilldegreeoffreedom(rotationaboutthesurfacenormal).See“Sectioncontrols,”Section13.1.4,forinformationonspecifyingthestiffnessfactor.