[P]ABAQUS-Hydrostatic

基于 ABAQUS／Explicit 的深水连接器准静态分析赵三军;段梦兰;李旭东;刘亚磊;罗晓兰;代广文;李博【摘要】介绍了深水套筒式连接器的结构与工作原理。

建立了有限元模型，运用Abaqus/Explicit 显式准静态分析求解，从能量的角度判定模型分析的准确性，从计算结果判定该连接器的设计能否满足强度要求。

显式准静态分析求解既保证了数值计算的准确性，又解决了静态分析复杂接触时严重的不收敛问题，为解决复杂接触的静力问题提供了一种方法。

%The structure and working principle of deepwater collet connector is introduced.Finite element model is established,Abaqus/Explicit quasi-static analysis is used to solve the model,the accuracy of the model analysis from an energy point is determined and the design of the connector is determined if it can meet the strength requirements or not on the basis of calculation results. Quasi-static analysis could not only ensure the accuracy of numerical computation,but also solve serious non convergence problem of static analysis of complex contact,and provide a way to solve static problem of complex contact.【期刊名称】《石油矿场机械》【年(卷),期】2014(000)008【总页数】4页(P23-26)【关键词】水下生产系统;连接器;有限元法;准静态分析【作者】赵三军;段梦兰;李旭东;刘亚磊;罗晓兰;代广文;李博【作者单位】中国石油大学北京海洋油气研究中心，北京 102249;中国石油大学北京海洋油气研究中心，北京 102249;中国石油大学北京海洋油气研究中心，北京 102249;中国石油大学北京海洋油气研究中心，北京 102249;中国石油大学北京海洋油气研究中心，北京 102249;中国石油大学北京海洋油气研究中心，北京102249;中海油研究总院，北京 100027【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TE952深水区域的油气资源相对浅水区域丰富，人类开采的方向也从浅水逐渐深入到深水，而水下生产系统已成为重要的深水开发装备［1］。

Abaqus Analysis User's Manual ©7.2.1 Con verge nee and time in tegrati on criteria: overviewNumerous con trol parameters are associated with the conv erge nee and integration accuracy algorithms in Abaqus/Standard. These parameters areassig ned default values that are chose n to optimize the accuracy and efficiency of the solution for a wide spectrum of nonlinear problems. You can change the solution control parameters, as described in the following sect ions:« A brief synopsis of the more important solution control parameters, together with a descripti on of the circumsta nces in which they can be used effectively, is provided in Commonly used con trolparameters, ” Section 7.2.2 . This section is likely to be the mostuseful for the gen eral user and should be read first.« Abaqus/Sta ndard in corporates an empirical algorithm desig ned to solve the equilibrium equations of nonlinear systems accurately andecono mically. The criteria used to establish conv erge nee ofnon li near in creme nts and the automatic adjustme nt of in creme nt sizebased on the convergenee rate are described in Convergenee criteria fornonlinear problems, ” Section 7.2.3 .* Abaqus/Standard allows you to choose “ time integratio n accuracy parameters ” in problems that have a physical time scale. The algorithms that use these parameters for automatically eon troll ingtime in creme nt sizes are described in Time in tegratio n accuracy intransient problems, ” Section 7.2.4 .•Abaqus/CFD allows you to choose the eon trol parameters used in an Abaqus/CFD to Abaqus/Sta ndard or to Abaqus/Explicit co-simulatio n toalleviate in stability and mesh distortio n duri ng the an alysis.Modify ing the default soluti on con trolsThe default values for the solution eontrol parameters need not be adjusted for most cases. You can reset them, however, with in a step defi niti on.Values give n for the soluti on con trol parameters rema in in effect for the rema in der of the an alysis or un til they are reset.In put File Usage: *CONTROLSThe *CONTROL5pti on can be repeated,if n ecessary, with differe nt parameters.Abaqus/CAE Usage: Step module: Other—Gen eral Soluti on Con trols Edit : toggle on SpecifyResett ing all default soluti on con trolsYou can restore all soluti on con trol parameters to their default values.In put File Usage: *CONTROLRESETAbaqus/CAE Usage: Step module: Other—Gen eral Soluti on Con trolsEdit : toggle on Reset all parameters to theirsystem-defined defaults7.2.2 Commo nly used con trol parametersProducts: Abaqus/Sta ndard Abaqus/CFD Abaqus/CAEReferencesConvergenee and time integration criteria: overview, ” Section7.2.1•CONTROLS•Customizi ng gen eral soluti on con trols,Abaqus/CAE User's ManualOverviewSoluti on con trol parameters can be used to con trol:Section 14.15.1 of the« non li near equati on soluti on accuracy;« time in creme nt adjustme nt; and« FSI stabilizatio n and mesh distortio n in an Abaqus/CFD to Abaqus/Sta ndard or to Abaqus/Explicit co-simulati on.These solution control parameters need not be changed for most analyses. In difficult cases, however, the soluti on procedure may not con verge with the default con trols or may use an excessive nu mber of in creme nts and iterati ons. After it has bee n established that such problems are not due to modeli ng errors, it may be useful to cha nge certa in con trol parameters.This section presents a brief synopsis of the more important solution con trol parameters, together with a descripti on of the circumsta nces in which they can be used effectively.Values give n for the soluti on con trol parameters rema in in effect for therema in der of the an alysis or un til they are reset. You can restore allsolution control parameters to their default values (see Convergenee and time in tegratio n criteria: overview, ” Secti on 7.2.1 ).Termino logyIn this section the word “flux ” means the variable whose discretized equilibrium is being sought and for which the equilibrium equations may be non li near: force, mome nt, heat flux, concen trati on volumetric flux, or pore liquid volumetric flux. The word “field ” refers to the basicvariables of the system, such as the comp onents of the displaceme nt in a continuum stress analysis or temperature in a heat transfer analysis. The superscript ■ refers to one such type of equati on. The fields and corresp onding fluxes available inAbaqus/Sta ndard are listed inCon verge nee criteria for non li near problems, ” Secti on 7.2.3 .Defining tolerances for field equationsSoluti on con trol parameters can be used to defi ne tolera nces for field equati ons. You can select the type of equati on for which the soluti on con trol parameters are being defi ned, as show n in Table 7.2.2 - 1. The default tolerances can be reset if the analysis does not require high accuracy in the con verge nee criteria.The most significant solution control parameters for field equation tolerances ,and ' —may have to be modified in cases where the residuals are large relative to the fluxes or incases where the in creme ntal soluti on is esse ntially zero.Input File Usage: * CONTROLSARAMETERS=FIELD, FIELDieldAbaqus/CAE Usage：Step module: Other—>General Solution Controls —1Edit :toggle on Specify : Field Equations : Apply to all applicable fieldsor Specify in dividual fields : fieldModifyi ng the residual control丈;is the convergenee criterion for the ratio of the largest residual to the corresponding average flux norm, - , for conv erge nee. ■ is defi nedin Con verge nee criteria for non li near problems, ” Secti on 7.2.3 . The default value is 扛;;=5 x 10 - 3, which is rather strict by engineering sta ndards but in all but excepti onal cases will guara ntee an accurate solution to complex nonlinear problems. The value for this ratio can be in creased to a larger nu mber if some accuracy can be sacrificed for computati onal speed.Modifyi ng the soluti on correcti on con trolis the convergence criterion for the ratio of the largest solution correcti on to the largest corresp onding in creme ntal soluti on value. The default value is = 10- 2. I n additi on to sufficie ntly small residuals,Abaqus/Standard requires that the largest correction to the solution value be small in comparis on to the largest corresp onding in creme ntal soluti on value. Some analyses may not require such accuracy, thus permitting this ratio to be in creased.Specify ing the average fluxis the value of average flux used by Abaqus/Sta ndard for check ing residuals. The default value is the time average flux calculated by Abaqus/Sta ndard, as defi ned inCon verge nce criteria for non li near problems, ” Section 7.2.3 . You may, however, define a constant value, ',for the average flux, in which case 丄:「= -.^throughout the step.You may wish to use absolute tolera nces for your residual checks. The absolute tolerance value is then equal to the product of the average flux,,and the ratio . To avoid testi ng the magn itude of the soluti oncorrecti on, you can set to 1.0.Modifyi ng the in itial time average fluxis the initial value of the time average flux for the current step. The default value is the time average flux from the previous step or 10 if this is Step 1. Redefi ning ' is sometimes helpful whe n a coupled problem is an alyzed and some of the fields in the problem are not active in the first step; for example, if a static step is carried out before a fully coupled thermal-stress step.Redefi niti on of ‘ can also be useful if the first st ep is esse ntially an ull step; for example, in a con tact problem before any con tact occurs, the in itial fluxes (forces) gen erated are zero .In such cases ' should be given as a typical flux magnitude that will occur when field becomes.first active.The in itial value of - is retai ned un til an iterati on is completed for which ■ , atwhich time we redefine :；h，— / . The criterion for zero flux compared to is : 匕丁 ' (see Con verge nee criteria for non li near problems, ” Section 7.2.3 ).If you specify the average flux, ■, directly, the value give n for ■ is igno red.Abaqus/Sta ndard outputThe con trols in effect for an an alysis are listed in the data (.dat) and message(.msg) files. Non default con trols are marked by ***. For example, specifying the following controls:would result in the follow ing output:CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE PARAMETERS FOR FORCE*** CRIT. FOR RESIDUAL FORCE FOR A NONLINEAR PROBLEM 1.000E-02 *** CRITERION FOR DISP. CORRECTION IN A NONLINEAR PROBLEM 1.00 *** INITIAL VALUE OF TIME AVERAGE FORCE 10.0 AVERAGE FORCE IS TIME AVERAGE FORCEALT. CRIT. FOR RESIDUAL FORCE FOR A NONLINEAR PROBLEM 2.000E-02 *** CRIT. FOR ZERO FORCE RELATIVE TO TIME AVRG. FORCE 1.000E-04 CRIT.FOR DISP. CORRECTION WHEN THERE IS ZERO FLUX 1.000E-03 CRIT. FOR RESIDUAL FORCE WHEN THERE IS ZERO FLUX 1.000E-08 FIELDCONVERSION RATIO 1.00CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE PARAMETERS FOR MOMENT*** CRIT. FOR RESIDUAL MOMENT FOR A NONLINEAR PROBLEM 2.000E-02 *** CRIT. FOR ROTATION CORRECTION IN A NONLINEAR PROBLEM 2.00 *** INITIAL VALUE OF TIME AVERAGE MOMENT 20.0*** USER DEFINED VALUE OF AVERAGE MOMENT NORM 2.000E+03 ALT. CRIT. FOR RESID. MOMENT FOR A NONLINEAR PROBLEM 2.000E-02 CRIT. FOR ZERO MOMENT RELATIVE TO TIME AVRG. MOMENT 1.000E-05 CRIT. FOR ROTATION CORRECTION WHEN ZERO FLUX 1.000E-03 CRIT.FOR RESIDUAL MOMENT WHEN ZERO FLUX 1.000E-08FIELD CONVERSION RATIO 1.00Con trolli ng the time in creme ntatio n schemeSoluti on con trol parameters can be used to alter both the conv erge nee con trolalgorithm and the time in creme ntatio n scheme. The time in creme ntatio n parameters and . are the most sig nifica nt since theyhave a direct effect on conv erge nee. They may have to be modified if con verge nee is (in itially) nonmonotonic or if con verge nee is nonq uadratic.Nonmonotonic con verge nee mayoccur if various non li nearities in teract; for example, the comb in ati on of frictio n, non li near material behavior, and geometric nonlinearity maylead to nonmonotonically decreasing residuals.Nonq uadratic conv erge nee will occur if the Jacobia n is not exact, which may occur for complex material models. It may also occur if the Jacobia n is non symmetric but the symmetric equati on solver is used. In that case the un symmetric equatio n solver should be specified for the step (seeProcedures: overview, ” Section 6.1.1 ).Input File Usage: * CONTROLSARAMETERS=TIME INCREMENTATIONAbaqus/CAE Usage：Step module: Other ―General Solution Controls ―- Edit :toggle on Specify : Time In creme ntatio nSpecifying the equilibrium iteration for a residual checkis the number of equilibrium iterations after which the check is made that the residuals are not increasing in two consecutive iterations. The default value is 丄门—^. If the in itial conv erge nee is nonmonotoni c, it may be n ecessary to in crease this value.Specifyi ng the equilibrium iterati on for a logarithmic rate ofeon verge nee checkis the number of equilibrium iterations after which the logarithmic rateof conv erge nee check begi ns. The default value is 二w = T. In cases where eon verge nee is nonq uadratic and this cannot be corrected by using the un symmetric equati on solver for the step, the logarithmic conv erge nee check should be elim in ated by sett ing this parameter to a high value.Avoid ing premature cutbacks in difficult an alysesSometimes it is useful to in crease both and . . For example, in adifficult analysis involving both friction and the concrete material model,it may be helpful to set m W and ： c = 1；to avoid premature cutbacks of the time in creme nt. These two parameters can be raised to more appropriate values for severely disc on ti nu ous problems by in creas ing them in dividually.Automatically setti ng the time in creme ntatio n parametersYou can automatically set the parameters described above to the values 二and I'L In this case any values that you specified previously for and . are overridden. However, if and . are specified multipletimes in a step with differe nt solutio n con trol sett in gs, the last definition will be used.Input File Usage: * CONTRO|LSNALYSIS=DISCONTINUOUSAbaqus/CAE Usage：Step module: Other—General Solution Controls —1Edit :toggle on Specify : Time In creme ntatio n : Disc ontinu ousan alysisImproving solution efficiency in a problem that invoIves a high coefficie nt of frictio nThe soluti on efficie ncy can sometimes be improved in an an alysis that invoIves a high coefficient of friction by automatically setting the timein creme ntatio n parameters and using the un symmetric equati on solver.Abaqus/Sta ndard outputThe con trols in effect for an an alysis are listed in the data (.dat) and message (.msg) files. Non default con trols are marked by **. For example, specify ing the time in creme ntatio n parameters =7 and ■ =10 would result in the following output:TIME INCREMENTATION CONTROL PARAMETERS:*** FIRST EQUIL. ITERATION FOR CONSECUTIVE DIVERGENCE CHECK 7*** EQUIL. ITER. AT WHICH LOG. CONVERGENCE RATE CHECK BEGINS 10 EQUIL. ITER. AFTER WHICH ALTERNATE RESIDUAL IS USED 9 MAXIMUM EQUILIBRIUM ITERATIONS ALLOWED 16EQUIL. ITERATION COUNT FOR CUT-BACK IN NEXT INCREMENT 10 MAX EQUIL. ITERS IN TWO INCREMENTS FOR TIME INC. INCREASE 4 MAXIMUM ITERATIONS FOR SEVERE DISCONTINUITIES 12MAXIMUM CUT-BACKS ALLOWED IN AN INCREMENT 5MAX DISCON. ITERS IN TWO INCS FOR TIME INC. INCREASE 6CUT-BACK FACTOR AFTER DIVERGENCE 0.250CUT-BACK FACTOR FOR TOO SLOW CONVERGENCE 0.500CUT-BACK FACTOR AFTER TOO MANY EQUILIBRIUM ITERATIONS 0.750Activating the “line search ” algorithmIn stro ngly non li near problems the Newt on algorithms used in Abaqus/Sta ndard may sometimes diverge duri ng equilibrium iterati on. The line search algorithm (discussed in f mpro ving the efficie ncy of the solution by using the line search algorithm ” in “Convergenee criteriafor nonlinear problems, ” Section 7.2.3 ) detects these situationsautomatically and applies a scale factor to the computed soluti on correcti on, which helps to preve nt diverge nee. The line search algorithm is particularly useful whe n the quasi-Newt on method (see Soluti on method' in “Convergenee criteria for nonlinear problems, ” Section 7.2.3 ) is used.By default, the line search algorithm is en abled only duri ng steps where the quasi-Newt on method is used. Set the maximum nu mber of line search iteratio ns, , to a reas on able value (such as 5) to activate the linesearch procedure or to zero to forcibly deactivate the line search.Input File Usage: * CONTRO|LBARAMETERS=LINE SEARCH、•“Abaqus/CAE Usage：Step module: Other ―J General Solution Controls —Edit :toggle on Specify : Line Search Control :Defining tolerances for constraint equationsSoluti on con trol parameters can be used to set tolera nces for con stra int equations. You can set strain compatibility tolerances for hybrid elements, displacement and rotation compatibility tolerances for distributing coupli ng con stra ints (specified as surface-based con stra ints or using DCOUP2D/DCOUP3D eleme nts), and compatibility tolera nces for softe ned con tact. See Conv erge nee criteria for non li near problems, ' Sect ion 7.2.3 ,for details.Con trolli ng the soluti on accuracy in direct cyclic an alysisSoluti on con trol parameters can be used in direct cyclic an alysis to specify whe n toimpose the periodicity con diti ons and to set tolera nces for stabilized state and plastic ratchett ing detect ions.Input File Usage:*CONTROLSYPE=DIRECT CYCLIC, , , ■,Abaqus/CAE Usage:Step module: Other—^General Solution Controls Edit :toggle on Specify : Direct Cyclic : , , ,.,Imposing the periodicity conditionYou can specify the iteration number at which the periodicity conditionis first imposed, . The default value is = 1, in which case the periodicity con diti on is imposed for all iterati ons from the beg inning ofan analysis. This solution control parameter rarely needs to be reset from its default value.Defining tolerances for stabilized state and plastic ratchetting detecti onsYou can specify the stabilized state detect ion criteria, ；丿戸席and厂畀；：is the maximum allowable ratio of the largest residual coefficie nt on any terms in the Fourier series to the corresponding average flux norm, and '拧丘is the maximum allowable ratio of the largest correcti on to the displacement coefficient on any terms in the Fourier series to the largest厂■:;7 - - 3 - displacement coefficient. The default values are = 5 x 10 and=5 x 10 . The solution converges to a stabilized state if both these criteria are satisfied.If plastic ratchett ing occurs, the shape of the stress-stra in curves remains unchanged but the mean value of the plastic strain over a cycle continues to shift from one iteration to the next. In that case it is desirable to use separate tolerances for the constant term in the Fourier series to detect the plastic ratchetti ng.You can also specify the plastic ratchetting detection criteria, and 5. 5；is the maximum allowable ratio of the largest residual coefficient on the constant term in the Fourier series to the corresponding average flux norm, and is the maximum allowable ratio of the largest correcti on to the displaceme nt coefficie nt on the con sta nt term in theFourier series to the largest displacement coefficient. The default values are ■ = 5 x 10-3 and :^^?= 5 x 10-3. Plastic ratchetting is expected if the residual coefficie nts and the correcti ons to the displaceme nt coefficients on any of the periodic terms are within the tolerances set by and , respectively, but the maximum residual coefficie nt on the con sta nt term and the maximum correcti on to the displaceme nt coefficie nt on the con sta nt term exceed the tolera nces set by and聶7^, respectively.Abaqus/Sta ndard outputThe con trols in effect for an an alysis are listed in the data (.dat) and message (.msg) files. Non default con trols are marked by **. For example, specifying the following controls:would result in the follow ing output:STABILIZED STATE AND PLASTIC RATCHETTING DETECTIONPARAMETERS FOR FORCE** CRIT. FOR RESI. COEFF. ON ANY FOURIER TERMS 1.0E-04** CRIT. FOR CORR. TO DISP. COEFF. ON ANY FOURIER TERMS 1.0E-04** CRIT. FOR RESI. COEFF. ON CONSTANT FOURIER TERM 1.0E-04** CRIT. FOR CORR. TO DISP. COEFF. ON CONST. FOURIER TERM 1.0E-04PERIODICITY CONDITION CONTROL PARAMETER:** ITERATION NUMBER AT WHICH PERIODICITY CONDITION** STARTS TO IMPOSE 5Con trolli ng the soluti on accuracy in an Abaqus/CFD toAbaqus/Sta ndard or to Abaqus/Explicit co-simulati onSolution control parameters can be used in an Abaqus/CFDto Abaqus/Standard or to Abaqus/Explicit co-simulation to control the FSI stabilization and the mesh distortio n.Con trolli ng FSI stabilizati onYou can specify the mi nimum nu mber of remesh in creme nts, maximum nu mber of remesh in creme nts, and FSI pen alty scale factor to con trol the FSI stabilizati on.The mi nimum and maximum nu mber of remesh in creme nts con trols the nu mber of mesh smoothing steps taken during the ALE process for FSI or deforming mesh problems. Reduci ng the minimum and maximum nu mber of mesh smoothi ng in creme nts can help reduce the computati onal time. Similarly, in creas ing the mi nimu m/maximum nu mber of smoothi ng in creme nts helps to en sure that the meshquality rema ins good and avoids pote ntial eleme nt collapse duri ng the evoluti on of an FSI problem.The FSI penalty scale factor has a default value of 1.0. Increasing this parameter in in creme nts of 0.1 may be n ecessary for extremely flexible structures in high density fluids when the structural accelerations are high.Input File Usage: Use the following option to control the FSI stabilization:*CONTROLTYPE=FSIminimum nu mber of remesh in creme nts, maximum nu mber ofremesh in creme nts, FSI pen alty scale factorAbaqus/CAE Usage: Con trolli ng FSI stabilization in an Abaqus/CFD to Abaqus/Sta ndard or toAbaqus/Explicit co-simulati on is not supported in Abaqus/CAE.Con trolli ng mesh distortio nSimilar to the distortio n con trol used in Abaqus/Explicit (see Secti on controls, ” Section 26.1.4 , for details), Abaqus/CFD offers distortioncon trol to preve nt eleme nts from inverting or distorti ng excessively in fluid mesh moveme nt. By default, distorti on con trol is tur ned off duri ng the co-simulatio n.Input File Usage: Use the follow ing opti on to deactivate distorti on con trol (default):*CONTROL TYPE=FSI, DISTORTION CONTROL=OFFUse the following option to activate distortion control:*CONTROLTYPE=FSI, DISTORTION CONTROL=ONAbaqus/CAE Usage: Controlling mesh distortion in an Abaqus/CFD to Abaqus/Standard or toAbaqus/Explicit co-simulati on is not supported in Abaqus/CAE.。

基于ABAQUS的单井抽水试验数值模拟陈俊达;刘曙光;杨天亮【摘要】Dewatering engineering takes an important role in foundation pits construction, while it brings negative effects to the surrounding area, such as land subsidence. A single-well pumping test in Shanghai is taken as an example,FEM software Abaqus is used to simulate 3D dewatering case, and the interactions of stress-strain-seepage are coupled in the calculation. On the basis of the nu- merical results, the change of the pore pressure and the distribution of the subsidence are analyzed in the process of pumping. The numerical results illustrate that the vertical displacement caused by pumping is much larger than the horizontal displacement, the maximum displacement is not on the surface of the land, different layers are under different deformation states.%基坑降水在基坑施工中起着重要作用,但降水会对周围环境造成不利影响,譬如引起地面沉降现象。

文章编号:1001-4500(2001)06-0068-05利用ABAQU S软件分析砂质海底管道稳定性任艳荣,刘玉标,顾小芸(中国科学院力学研究所,北京100080) 摘　要:利用美国H KS公司的ABAQU S有限元计算程序,对裸置在海床上的管道进行分析。

在计算中,采用程序中所规定的接触面来考虑管道与土体的相互作用,得到了比较好的结果。

关键词:管道;沉降;接触面;稳定性 中图分类号:P756 文献标识码:A1　引言 ABAQU S是面向生产、应用范围广泛的通用有限元程序,它是美国H KS公司的产品。

在北美、欧洲和亚洲许多国家的机械、化工、土木、水利、材料、航空、船舶、治金、汽车和电气工业设计中得到广泛的应用。

随着海洋开发从浅滩到深海的扩展、新型海洋工程结构研究与应用的进展,面临一系列新的技术问题。

常规的海洋工程结构设计中,按照规范的要求必须进行结构的静力、动力有限元分析,甚至还要进行包括材料非线性和几何非线性在内的非线性有限元分析。

ABAQU S软件由于具有扩展模块ABAQU S A qua,可以用来进行分析海洋工程中的实际问题。

本文就是用该软件来分析海底管线的管土相互作用过程。

2　ABAQU S的功能 ABAQU S有两个主要的分析模块:ABAQU S Standard提供了通用的分析能力,如应力和变形、热交换、质量传递等。

ABAQU S Exp licit应用对时间进行显示积分的动态模拟,提供了应力 变形分析的能力。

此外软件系统还包括其他的几个部分。

如ABAQU S A qua模块扩展了ABAQU S Standard的功能,应用于海洋采油结构系统的分析,包括高柔韧性的系统,如深水下的升降器和管道系统,其中某些功能包括模拟波浪、风载荷及浮力的影响。

ABAQU S还包括两个交互作用的图形模块ABAQU S P re和ABAQU S Po st,它们提供了ABAQU S图形界面的交互作用工具,从建模的前处理及显示模拟计算结果的后处理。