高考英语短文语法填空“四道题”
- 格式:docx
- 大小:30.47 KB
- 文档页数:7
1 高考英语短文语法填空解题技巧
短文语法填空口诀
动词形、名词数,代词格、级形副,
分析句子结构路,习惯用法要记住,
逻辑关系连词突,介词、冠词各占一空。
高考英语短文语法填空主要有两种形式的空:用所给词(v、n、pron、adj、adv)的正确形式填空;无提示词填空(prep、conj、art)。说白了,高考就考四道题:
第一道题:动词变形题是指括号中给出了一个动词,需要对该动词进行形式变化才能复合句子要求的设题类型。此类设题主要有两个角度,其中的一个角度就是考查动词的自身变化【动词的谓语形式(时语态变化,甚至虚拟语气的变化)及非谓语形式(动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词】;另一个角度是考查动词与名词、形容词、副词的相互变化【构词法知识】;
第二道题:名词或代词变形题 名词变形题指的是对所给名词进行自身变化(名词的单数变复数、名词变成所有格)或者相互变化(名词变形容词、名词变动词、名词变副词)【构词法知识】;代词变形题主要考查代词的格(主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词和反身代词的相互变化,甚至个别不定代词之间的变化:如:many 变成much, both变成neither, other变成another, some变any, all 变none , few 变 little);
第三道题:形容词或副词变形题 形容词或副词变形题主要考查它们的自身变化(级的变化:原级、比较级、最高级)或者相互变化(形容词变副词、形容词变成动词、形容词变成名词、副词变成形容词)【构词法知识】;
第四道题:无提示词填空题 无提示填空题是一种在不给提示词的前
2 提下,要求根据句意、句法或句子间逻辑关系而填空的设题。这里要填的主要是介词、连词、冠词、代词 it、关系代词/副词。由于不给提示词,实际上加大了解题的难度。解答此类题目(特别是要填的是连词)时,首先要从句意上去考虑,看看句意是否通顺连贯。然后从句子结构上去考虑,看看所填句子是简单句还是复合句,如果是复合句,就要考虑从句连接词的选择。最后从句子间的逻辑上考虑,选择适合句子间逻辑关系的词进行填充。比如因果关系要考虑so, because 等; 转折关系要考虑but, though; 并列关系要考虑and。如果是缺关系代词/关系副词,则要根据定语从句的句子成分来定夺。而要填的是介词时,一定要关注空格前的动词是不是vi,是vi 要考虑其搭配,更要考虑空格后的词/短语的含义,选择用合适的介词。冠词一般出现在名词或名词短语前,特别是单数可数名词前要考虑a/an。另外要注意习惯用法。
一、高考语法短文填空题的解题步骤:
1. 读首段首句,预猜文章大意;(若猜不出文章大意,就快速浏览全文)
2. 边读边认边填 ;(看要填的空有无提示词,有,是哪些词?用以上的方法去套用)
3. 重读以检查核对。
动词形(谓语形式和非谓语形式)
短文 词形填空 自身变化 名词数(名词变复数和所有格)
代词格(代词主格、宾格、形容词性
语法 主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词)
级形副(形容词、副词的三级互变)
填空 相互变化(构词法知识,nv.adjadv.)
3 无提示词填空(介词、连词、冠词、代词)
下面我们以2020年1月浙江省英语第一次高考试卷
为例,讲解如何做题:
阅读下面材料,在空白处填人适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式,
Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The
median(中位数的) age of an American in 1950 56_______ (be) 30-today it is 41 and
is expected 57 _______(increase) to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the 58_______(number)
are more striking22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people
around the world were over 65; by 2050, it will be one in six.
This aging of the population is driven 59_______ two factors. The first is
declining birth rates: which means old generations are Large 60 _______(compare) to
younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes _______(old) than
before. This is 62_______(particular) true in the US. The second reason is that people
are living longer. A child born in the US today has 63_______ very realistic chance of
living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should
64_______(place) on longevity(长寿). It isn't just that people are, on average, living
longer. It’s also that they are on average healthier 65_______ more productive for
longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be boost to
the economy.
解答分析:这篇短文语法填空题,首先读首段首句,预猜文章大意:我们读第一句就知道它是介绍“世界人口老化的问题”的。然后边读边认边填
56空是个动词be, 分析句子结构我们知道be在这个句子作谓语,而时间是in 1950,主语是单数名词,所以填was;
57空也是动词,分析句子结构我们知道它作谓语动词expected 宾语,所以用非谓语动词---不定式to increase;
4 58空是个名词且在句中作主语,根据后面的谓语are, 这就考查了名词的复数,答案是numbers;
59空是无提示词,先分析句意“人口老龄化是由两个因素导致的。”由此得出介词“由”,再分析句子结构,它包含在一个简单句里,前有谓语动词is driven(被动语态),后有名词短语two factors,所以答案显然是by;
60空还是个动词,它在非限制性定语从句中作状语(非谓语动词),何况compared to 是固定搭配,故答案是compared;
61 空是形容词,形容词考查“级”,且有标志词than,故答案是older;
62空也是形容词,这里没有“级”的意味,应该是相互变化(形容词变成副词),的确它在句中修饰形容词作状语,故用副词particularly;
63空又是无提示词,根据句意和结构,应该填个冠词a,因为是泛指一个;
64 空仍是个动词,它在句中作谓语,句子主语greater attention和place 之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,前面有 should,故答案是be placed;
65空是无提示词,猜都要猜到是连词了,何况根据句意“而且它们平均来说更健康,生产效率更高。”可知前后词是并列关系,所以用and 连接。
强化训练: 语法填空(共40小题;每小题1.5分,满分60分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
You see them everywhere: people walking with their attention 1 (concentrate)
on their smart phone(智能手机) screens on busy streets. But walking and
texting can be dangerous and cities in the United States and Europe have
stepped 2 their efforts to deal with it.
In Honolulu, using the phones while crossing the street is forbidden. It has passed a
law that says “No pedestrian(行人) shall cross a street or highway while viewing a
mobile electronic device. In other words, do not look at a screen when you cross the
street 3 you could be fined. Honolulu is the first major U.S. city 4 (forbid)
what is called “distracted walking”.
5 People 5 text while walking are nearly four times as likely to have at least
one dangerous action. A lot of people do it 6 they know it is dangerous. They tell
themselves that it is important.
Using phones while walking may lead to injuries and deaths, but it seems to be a
global problem. Pedestrian deaths 7 (increase) as the use of cell phones rises in the
past 5 years, and it is expected that the tendency will continue.