宾语补足语高中英语讲解及习题
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宾语补足语
宾语补足语是用于补充说明宾语的成分。宾语补足语常常放在宾语之后，和宾语一起构成复合宾语。
一、常见的能接宾语补足语的词语
1.使役动词
（1）使役动词make
make用作使役动词表示“使”时，可跟复合结构，即“make +宾语+宾语补足语”，其中的宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词、不带to的不定式、过去分词。
The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.大雨使得我们无法出去。
He couldn’t make himself heard above the noise of the traffic.在交通嘈杂声中他无法使自己让别人听到。
What makes the grass grow?什么使得草生长？
★动词不定式作make的宾语补足语时要用省略to的形式，但如果用在被动语态中，to一定不能省略。
She was made to work twelve hours a day.她被迫每天工作十二个小时。
（2）使役动词have
have表示“使得„„”，其后接宾语补足语，常用于以下结构：
①have sb. do sth.使/让某人做某事
②have sb. Doing sth.使/让某人一直做某事
③have sth. Done使/让某事被做；遭遇某种不幸
The teacher had the little boy write on the blackboard.老师让这个小男孩在黑板上写。
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don’t have the lights burning all the night.
不要让灯整夜亮着。
He had the bike repaired yesterday.昨天他让人修了自行车。
He had his leg broken in the match.在比赛中他摔断了腿。
（3）使役动词leave
leave用作使役动词，表示“使/让„„保持某种状态”，可以用形容词、名词、介词短语、分词作宾语补足语。
①He left the door open when he went out.他出去时，没有关门。
②They walked off and left me sitting there alone.他们走开了，让我一个人坐在那儿。
（4）使役动词keep
keep用作使役动词，表示“使/让„„保持某种状态”，可以用形容词、现在分词作宾语补足语。
①Close the door to keep the room warm.关上门让房间保持暖和。
②You’ve kept me waiting an hour.你已经让我等了一个小时！
（5）使役动词get
get用作使役动词，表示“促使某事发生”或“使得某人做某事”，其后可跟形容词、过去分词、现在分词、动词不定式作宾语补足语。
①She is getting the kids ready for school.她正在让孩子们准备好去上学。
②We get the milk delivered.我们让人把牛奶送过去。
③Why don’t you get Mike to work as the manager?你为什么不让迈克做经理呢？
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★get后出现不定式短语作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to不能省略。
2、感官动词
感官动词hear、feel、listento、lookat、watch、notice、observe、smell、see等后要求用省略to的动词不定式、现在分词及过去分词作宾语补足语。用省略to的动词不定式，强调动作从开始到结束的全过程；用现在分词，强调一个主动的动作正在进行；用过去分词，强调动作是被动或完成的动作。
①Tom saw his parents get into the car and drive off.
xx看见他的父母上了车走了。
②Hewasseentodrivethecarathighspeedonthehighwayyesterday.昨天有人看见他在公路上高速开车。
③I saw her crying when I came into the classroom.
我进教室时看见她在哭。
3、心理状态和情感类的动词
表示心理状态的动词，如think、believe、find、imagine、suppose等，以及表示情感的动词，如love、like、prefer、hate、want、wish等后面均可以跟宾语补足语。
①I find it hard to get on well with him.我发现和他相处很难。
②We all think it important for us to learn a foreign language.我们都认为学习一门外语对我们来说是重要的。
4、其他动词
英语中出了上面所列的动词，另外还有allow、prove、advise、permit等动词后可以跟宾语补足语。
5、介词with
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介词with后可跟宾补构成with复合结构。With复合结构在句中可以用作定语或状语，可以在其中充当宾语补足语的有：
形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、名词等。
①They left the room with lights still on.他们离开了房间，灯还亮着。
②He stepped in, with his hands in his pocket.他双手放在口袋里走了进来。
③Theoldmanwalkedacrossthestreetwithepolicemansupportinghim.
老人在警察的搀扶下过了街。（-ing形式表示主动/正在进行）④With the
matter settled, we went home.（-ed形式表示被动/完成）
二、能充当宾语补足语的成分
1、名词
He nominated Hank ambassador to France.他任命汉克为驻法大使。
She counted herself a fortunate wife.她认为自己是位幸运的妻子。
★表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词作宾语补足语、表语、同位语时，该名词前不加冠词。
2、形容词
Have I made myself clear?我的意思讲清楚了么？
3、动词不定式
Permit me to introduce myself.允许我介绍一下自己。
Nobody noticed him enter the room.没有人注意到他进了房间。
4、现在分词
I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风吹着我的脸。
★不定式短语与现在分词短语作宾语补足语时的区别：
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a不定式短语作宾语补足语时，表示动作已经发生，指事情的全过程已经结束
b现在分词短语作宾语补足语时则表示动作正在进行
试比较：
5、过去分词
You should make your views known.你应当让别人了解你的想法。
I’ll have to get that tooth filled.我得把那颗牙补一补。
6、副词
Let the fresh air in.让新鲜空气进来。
We’re having some friends in tonight.今晚我们要请些朋友来家里。
7、介词短语
I know you’ll be able to help me out of the difficulty.
我知道你将能帮助我克服困难。
8、从句
We will soon make our city what your city is now.
我们不久就要将使我们的城市变成你们城市目前的样子。宾语补足语练习题 1.Themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseethenextyear.(NMET2000)
A. carry out
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B. carrying out
C. carried out
D. to carry out
2. ----There’s a hole in your bag.----I know, I’m going to have it ___.
A.mend
B. mending
C. mended
D. to be mended
3. Though he had often made his little sister __, today he was made __ by
hislittle sister.
A.cry; to cry
B. crying; crying
C. cry; cry
D. to cry; cry
4. They would not allow him ___ across the enemy line.
A.to risk going
B. risking to go
C. for risk to go
D. risk going
5. I found the door ___ when I got home.
A.opened
B. close
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C. unlocking
D. open
6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ___.
A.not to
B. not to do
C. not do
D. do not to
7.I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise__.
A.going on
B. goes on
C. went on
D. to go on
8. With a lot of difficult problems___, the newly-elected president is having a
hardtime.
A.settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
9. I advised ___ at once.
A.him to starting
B. him to start
C. to starting
