英语四级考试必备-基础语法知识英语四级考试必备基础语法知识动词时态1)现在完成进行时态(have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.I?ve been writing letters for an hour.I?ve been sitting in the garden.2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作I?d been working for some tim e when he called.We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.In another month?s time she?ll have been studying here for three years.4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时已发生的事.I shall have finished this one before lunch.They?ll have hit the year?s target by the end of October.动词语态可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:He was said to be jealous of her success.It was said that he was jealous of her success.能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppos e,understand等.It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.The ship is supposed to have been sunk.担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制) 双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.宾补结构的被动语态:She was called Big Sister by everybody.Then he was made a squad leader.He was considered quite qualified for the job.The room was always kept clean and tidy.短语动词Vi + advThe plane took off two hours late.Vi + prepThey looked round the Cathedral.Vi + prep (有被动语态)She?s looking after her sister?s children.The children were always well looked after.Vi + adv + prepI began to look forward to their visits.Vt + O + advSome women choose to stay at home and bring up theirchildren.The children were brought up by their mother.They took him on.Vt + adv + O (无被动语态)I am trying to give up smoking.Vt + O + prepWe talked Donald into agreement.在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉.Look out for cars when crossing the street.When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.Fill in the application as instructed.Whenever known, such facts should be reported.The documents will be returned as soon as signed.He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.Once having made a promise, you should keep it.If necessary I?ll have the letter duplicated.Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver) necessary.If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.在以than a) 或as b) 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略.He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary.We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.Their training is free, as is all education.We will, as always, stand on your side.错误的省略His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her.一致如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than等引导的短语,谓语动词仍旧用单数形式.Terry, along with her friend, goes skating every Saturday.An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.The captain, as well as the coaches, was disappointed in the team.代词作主语时的一致each, either, neither和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词,都作单数看待.Each of us has something to say.Is everybody ready?Somebody is using the phone.Neither of us has gone through regular training.Has either of them told you?some, few, both, many 等作复数some 可后接复数,也可接单数,表示某一.none作复数看待时较多,但也有时作单数看待,主要看说话人脑中联系想到的是复数还是单数概念, 但none 在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数:None of the books are easy enough for usNone of us seem to have thought of it.None (= not a single one) of us has got a camera.None (= nobody) has felt it more keenly than she did.None of this worries me.all 和most 可后接复数,也可接不可数名词(all of the…, most of the …), 动词用单数.由and 或both… and 连接名词词组时, 后用复数; 由not only…but (also), either…or, neither…nor或or 连接的并列主语, 谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致Not only the switches but also the old writing has been changed.My sister or my brother is likely to be at home.Either you or Mr Yang is to do the work.Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.如果一个句子是由there 或here引导, 而主语又不止一个, 谓语通常也和最邻近的那个主语一致。
CET-4语法一、动词语态详解语态是动词的一种形式，它用来表示句中主语同谓语动词之间的关系。
英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。
例如：1.I have repaired the radio.我修好了收音机。
2.The radio has been repaired.收音机被修好了。
3.The students cleaned the classroom.学生们打扫了教室。
4.The classroom was cleaned by the students.教室被学生们打扫了。
被动语态的构成：be + 过去分词1.A building was damaged by the storm.暴风雨毁坏了一座建筑物。
2.Our plate was made in China.我们的盘子是中国生产的。
3.My bike was stolen.我的自行车被盗了。
常用的被动语态的时态变化如下，以ask 为例：现在I am asked, I am being asked, I have been asked过去I was asked,I was being asked,I had been asked将来I shall be asked, I shall have been asked过去将来I shall be asked被动语态的疑问句是把助动词提前到句首。
1.Has your TV set been repaired?你的电视机修了吗?2.Was the kite broken?风筝破了吗?3.Has the work been done?工作结束了吗?被动语态的否定式是在助动词后面加not.1.The letter has not been sent out.信还没有发出去。
2.The little boy has not been found out.小孩还没有找到。
大学英语四级考试语法基础：时态许多同学在高校英语四级考试中会存在一些误区，认为语法不那么重要，其实英语语法是学习英语的指南，也会为我们大大地提高英语，以下是我给大家整理的高校英语四级考试语法基础：时态，盼望可以帮到大家1. 现在完成时、过去完成时以及将来完成时之间的区分1) 现在完成时：① 构成：have / has +过去分词② 语法意义及要点：a. 现在完成时表示一个过去开头的状态或动作持续到现在并可能连续持续下去，常同表示一段时间的状语连用。
如so far，up to now，since，for a long time等。
--he has worked as a teacher for many years.--up till now，nothing has gone wrong.b. 现在完成时表示一个过去发生的对现在仍有影响的动作或大事。
常与不确定的过去时间状语连用，如yet，just，before，recently 等;也同表示频度时间状语连用，如often，ever，never，sometimes，several times等;还可同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now，today，this morning等。
但不能同特定的过去时间状语连用(last year ，in 1997等)。
--i have never learned japanese before.--we have been quite busy lately (recently)。
c. 在时间或条件状语从句中，当表示将来完成时的意义时，要用现在完成时来代替将来完成时。
--well start at 5 oclock if it has stopped raining by then.--i shall go to see you when i have finished my homework.note：行为不能持续的瞬间动词(instantaneous verb)，如arrive，begin，come，go，start，leave，die，join等通常不能用于这一语法意义，即该类动词在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
大学英语四级常用语法（1）大学英语四级常用语法精选(1)导语：在学习英语中，语法很重要，备考四级时，如果时间充足，不妨多点回顾语法，补全语法知识点，下面是小编收集了一些精选语法，供您参考，希望能帮助到您。
Ⅰ动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)时态1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.I’ve been writing letters for an hour.I’ve been sitting in the garden.2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作I’d been working for some time when he called.We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时已发生的事.I shall have finished this one before lunch.They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.语态可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:He was said to be jealous of her success.It was said that he was jealous of her success.能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,sup pose,understand等.It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.The ship is supposed to have been sunk.担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的.意义.例如:Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.宾补结构的被动语态:She was called Big Sister by everybody.Then he was made a squad leader.He was considered quite qualified for the job.The room was always kept clean and tidy.短语动词Vi + advThe plane took off two hours late.Vi + prepThey looked round the Cathedral.Vi + prep (有被动语态)She’s looking after her sister’s children.The children were always well looked after.Vi + adv + prepI began to look forward to their visits.Vt + O + advSome women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.The children were brought up by their mother.They took him on.Vt + adv + O (无被动语态)I am trying to give up smoking.Vt + O + prepWe talked Donald into agreement.。
