英美社会与文化试题参考答案(仅供参考)

1.what are the general features of Britain`s independent schools？

An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying upon private sources for all of

its funding, predominantly in the form of school fees. In England and Wales the term public

school is often used to refer to what is normally called in other countries a "private" school, a

term which originally referred to those schools named in the Public Schools Act 1868. These

schools themselves tend to prefer the term "independent school".

2.why is the United States regarded as a "melting pot" and a "salad"？

The melting pot is a metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the

different elements "melting together" into a harmonious whole with a common culture. It is

particularly used to describe the assimilation of immigrants to the United States; the

melting-together metaphor was in use by the 1780s.

After 1970 the desirability of assimilation and the melting pot model was challenged by

proponents of multiculturalism, who assert that cultural differences within society are valuable

and should be preserved, proposing the alternative metaphor of the salad bowl – different

cultures mix, but remain distinct.

3.why did America change its policy and enter world war two?

Because the Great Depression lead a worldwide warfare crisis . But in the face of the Warfare

crisis，the thinking of isolationism and anthropocentrism filled the society of America,most of

American pay no attention on the war of other countries. It was until March of 1941 when the

warfare fo west Europe is become incandescent the Capitol Hill adopt the Act of Lease. This

marked US was no longer neutral state but a member of Allies. Than the Pearl Harbor incident

finally made the United States enter The World War II on the side of the Allies.

4.what were Nixon's well-known contributions during his presidency?

Nixon is noted for his diplomatic foreign policy, especially with the Soviet Union and China, and

his efforts to end the Vietnam War. He is also noted for his middle-of-the-road domestic policy

that combined conservative rhetoric and, in many cases, liberal action, as in his environmental

policy.

As president, Nixon imposed wage and price controls, indexed Social Security for inflation, and

created Supplemental Security Income. The number of pages added to the Federal Register each

year doubled under Nixon. He advocated gun control, reduced speed limits, and eradicated the

last remnants of the gold standard. Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency and

Occupational Safety and Health Administration and implemented the Philadelphia Plan, the first

significant federal affirmative action program.

5.what was the cause of the American civil war?

1. Economic and social differences between the North and the South.

2. States versus federal rights

3. The fight between Slave and Non-Slave State Proponents.

4. Growth of the Abolition Movement.

5. The election of Abraham Lincoln.

6.what are the two characteristics of the U.S construction?

the Statue of Liberty The Capitol

7.what are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?

Senator:1) each senator must be at least 30 years old, 2) must have been a citizen of the United

States for at least the past nine years, and 3) must be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant of the state he or she seeks to represent.

Each representative must: (1) be at least twenty-five years old; (2) have been a citizen of the

United States for the past seven years; and (3) be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant of the

state they represent.

8.what are the Major powers of the supreme court?

The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States, and

leads the federal judiciary. It consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight Associate

Justices, who are nominated by the President and confirmed with the "advice and consent" of the

Senate. Justices serve "during good Behaviour," which terminates at death, resignation,

retirement, or conviction on impeachment. The Court meets in Washington, D.C. in the United

States Supreme Court building. The Supreme Court is primarily an appellate court, but has

original jurisdiction in a small number of cases.

9.how does an American university choose its applicants?

It will through some aspects：transcript，academic performance，extra-curricular achievements，personnel，inherence，artistic skills

10.what are the origins of thanksgiving day?

Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a traditional North American holiday, which is a form of