现在分词讲解
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现在分词
现在分词（Present Participle）(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。
一.构成形式
doing （特殊的略） 现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作
二.时态与语态
一般式doing 一般被动式being done 完成式having done 完成被动式having been done
所有否定式都是在－ing前面加not 包括独立主格形式
三.可作成分
定语 状语 补语 表语
1.作定语
单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前
分词短语作定语时放在后 并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系
e.g. a running boy the girl standing there
一个发展中的国家， 沸水，
冉冉升起的太阳。
并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句
e.g. a boy who is running
a girl who is standing there
2.作补语
只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补
1）感官动词：see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen to look at
2）使役动词：have get catch leave set
值得注意的是：要想用现在分词来作宾补 只能是用于这些词后 但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补）
eg.I saw him singing now.
Don't have the students studying all day.
注意 ：宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系 即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者
3.作表语
现在分词作表语的情况只适用于上述的现在分词做定语部分中的注意3 有三级变化 可被副词修饰
e.g.The story is interesting.
The match is exciting.
4.作状语
作时间 条件 原因 让步状时要位于句首 且与后面用逗号隔开 能转换为一个相应的状语从句
作结果 方式 伴随状语时要位于句尾 且与前面用逗号隔开 有时也可以不用
注意分词作状语时的逻辑主语（即分词动作的发出者）一般要与句中主语保持一致．
1）作时间状语
eg.Walking in the street,I saw him.当我在街上走时，我看到他了．
Walking in the street,I saw him.翻译成”当我在街上走时，我看到他了．”而不可以翻译为”当他在街上走时，他看到我了．”（这个是因为”分词作状语时 其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致”）
要是想翻译成”当他在街上走时，我看到他了．”
When/While he was walking in the street,I saw him.
在这里在告诉大家另外的一个方法
He walking in the street,I saw him.
这是分词的独立主格形式 我们以下会介绍 在这里不需太理解．
2）作条件状语
e.g. Working hard,you will succeed.
3）作原因状语
e.g. Being ill,she stayed at home.
注意 being是常用来作原因状语的
4）作让步状语
e.g. Having failed many times,he didn't lost heart.
5）作结果状语
e.g. His friend died,leaving him a lot of money,
6）作方式状语
e.g. Please answer the question using another way.
7）作伴随状语
可以转化为一个并列句
e.g. He is standing there,singing.
5.作独立成分
generally speaking一般来说 Judging from/by 由……判断出
6.现在分词的独立主格
独立主格，又叫独立结构。它没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。
独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。
独立主格结构可分为两部分，一部分是名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。
在句中作状语 要注意它不是句子
e.g. Winter coming，it gets colder and colder．冬天来了 天变的越来越冷了
Weather permitting, we'll go to the Great wall. 如果天气允许的话，我们就去长城。
注意这句话 我们不难发现it在句中指代的是”天气”
注意当逻辑主语是人的身体部位时 如果后面的动词是vt 我们就用过去分词 如果是vi我们就用现在分词 其实用过去分词时是因为身体部位作了它的宾语
e.g.The boy lay on the ground，his eyes closed and his hands trembling．这个男孩躺在地上 眼睛闭着 手在发抖．
1.Taking pictures___ very interesting.
A. is B. are C. to be D. be
2.______ the bad news made him cry.
A. Hear B. Heard C. Hearing D. Is hearing
3._____ a desert had always been a risk adventure.
A. being crossed B. Having crossed C. Crossing D. To have crossed
4.Before he came , I’d finished _______ the whole book.
A. to read B. to have read C. reading D. read
5. I always enjoy ____ to popular music at night.
A. to listen B. listening C. that I can listen D. if I can listen
6.We are considering ________ a trip around the island.
A. take b. to take C. to be taking D. taking
7.I hope you don’t mind ____ at your newspaper.
A. I look B. my looking C. I looking D. my to look
8.When a man’s heart stops ______ , he dies.
A. to beat B. beating C. beat D. beaten
9.I can’t help _______ he is still alive.
A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought of
10.So far as I am concerned , I prefer reading ________ .
A. than meat B. for joy C. instead of sleeping D to drinking
11. It goes without _______ that knowledge is important.
A. talking B. telling C. saying D. mentioning
12. we are looking forward ______ our friends next week.
A. to see B. to seeing C. to be seeing D. shall see 1. I can’t stand ________ with Jane in the same office. She just
refuses________talking while she was working.
A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping
C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop
2. Don’t sit there________nothing. Come and help me with this table.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing
3. The wild flower looked like a soft orange blanket________the desert.
A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover
4. Tom’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use________with him.
A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued
5. The storm left,________a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
6.________ , the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A. General speaking B. Speaking general
