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被动语态讲解
一、被动语态的构成形式
1. 被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，
be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：
1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2）has /have been done 现在完成时
例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时
例A new cinema is being built here．
4）was/were done 一般过去时
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5）had been done 过去完成时
例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6）was/were being done 过去进行时
例A meeting was being held when I was there.
7）shall/will be done 一般将来时
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8）should/would be done 过去将来时
例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）
例The project will have been completed before July.
2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一
个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
可改为He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构
中的主语，其余不动。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
3. 非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
二、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
It is said that… 据说, It is reported that…据报道，
It is believed th at…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，
It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，
It is suggested that…据建议。
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
（＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）
三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如break，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash
等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例This kind of cloth washes well.
注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较：The door won't lock．（指门本身有毛病）
The door won't be locked．（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）
2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, take place, come out,
come true, 等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何印出来的呢？
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste,
look, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Your reason sounds reasonable
四、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
1．在need，want，require,等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。
2．形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例The picture-book is well worth reading．
（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）
3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和
句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例I have a lot of things to do this afternoon．
(to do和things是动宾关系，和I是主谓关系。)
试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you ha ve a letter to be posted?
( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
被动语态专项练习
选择题
1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is ; built
B. Was ; built
C. Does ; build D .Did ; build
2.An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened
B. was happened
C. is happened
D. happened
