《LD型电动单梁桥式起重机》

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Abstract:The graduation project is a bridge crane for the graduation

field work done by the tonnage level specific to the design. As China's

manufacturing industry, more and more applications crane to

which industrial production. Carry a heavy load in the factory, machine parts up and

down, the work of lifting parts of shipment, assembly line work should be

fixed on the crane is used. The largest number of species of cranes, both in the size of the factory

into the application is small tonnage cranes, bridge cranes small tonnage of lightweight parts

for a wide range of lifting, in China's machinery industry plays a very important position.

However, our current application, or copy large crane behind the technology

produced abroad, and has been applied in the factory for many years,

and same 70 to 80 years of products, both in quality or

functionality are not growing to meet the industrial demand. How to design it the lowest cost,

rationalize the layout, function modernization is the subject of our study. This

design is for small tonnage bridge crane design, the main design

elements are 16/3.2t crane structure and operation of institutions, including the bridge structure,

calculation and checking the layout, the main beam structure calculation and checking , end

beams calculation and checking, the main end beam connect and run

the cart and checking body parts of choice.

Key words：Crane；The moving mainframe；Bridge；Main beam and end beam；Small tonnage

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目录

错误!未指定书签。一 概述··············································································1

1.单梁桥式起重机的工作方式················································1

2.单梁桥式起重机的机构特点················································1

3.桁架梁和箱的比较···························································1

4.LD型电动单梁桥式起重机各部件作用····································1

5.运行机构······································································3

6.发展趋势······································································4

7.工作条件及设计要求·························································4

8.型式及设计的构造特点······················································5

二 选择电动葫芦的型号规格·······················································6

三 主梁设计计算····································································6

1.主梁断面几何特性····························································6

2.主梁强度的计算·······························································7

3.主梁刚度的计算······························································10

4.主梁稳定性的计算·····························································12

四 端梁设计计算····································································12

1.轮距的确定·····································································12

2.端梁中央断面集合特点······················································13

3.起重机最大轮压······························································14

4.最大歪斜侧向力······························································19

5.断面中央断面合成压力······················································20

五 主、端梁连接计算·······························································20

1.主、端梁连接形成及受理分析··············································20 - 3 - 2.螺栓拉力的计算······························································20

六 大车运行机构设计计算··························································23

1.确定机构的传动方案·························································23

2.选择车轮和轨道，并验算车轮强度········································23

3. 传动装置设计计算··························································24

4.验算电动机···································································25

5.设计减速装置································································27

七 起重机有关机构的安全装置···················································29

八 起重机的组装及试车要求······················································29

1.起重机的安装应注意的事项················································29

2.起重机的试车要求···························································30

九 设计小结·········································································31

十 参考文献·········································································33

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一、概述

起重机是具有起重吊钩或其它取物装置在空间内容实现垂直升降和水平运移重物的起重机械。

LD型电动单梁桥式起重机为一般用途的起重机用于机械制造、装配、仓库等场所（此次设计的是用于机修车间）。是一种有轨运行的轻小型起重机，适用于额定起 0.5～5.0 吨,适用跨度4.5～16.5米，工作环境温度在-35℃ ～35℃ 范围内，LD型电动单梁桥式起重机不适于用来调运熔化金属﹑赤热金属、易燃品及其危险物品，也不适用于具有酸性或其它有腐蚀性化学气体的车间。

1、单梁桥式起重机的工作方式：

它安装在产房高出两侧的吊车梁上，整机可在吊车梁上铺设的轨道上横向行驶，起重小车沿小车轨道行驶（横向）。吊钩做升降运动，即与CD1型（或MD1）的电动葫芦配套使用完成重物的升降、平移等人们难以做到的需要。

2、单梁桥式起重机机构的特点：

主要有点是：结构简单、重量轻、对厂房的负荷小、建筑高度小、耗电少。主梁与端梁采用螺栓连接、拆装、运输和储存方便，补充备件方便、轮压小、工艺性好，适合采用自动焊接和流水作业加工，安装快，维修方便。缺点是起重量不大。