随堂笔记
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1 定语从句 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句. The man who lives next to us is a teacher. The man is a teacher. The man lives next to us. 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词, 连接定语从句和先行词的连词叫关系代词或关系副词.关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语. 一.关系代词: who, whom, that, which, whose引导定语从句子. 1. The boys are from Grade one. The boys are playing basketball. The boys are from Grade One. 2. The nurse is kind. The nurse looks after my sister. The nurse is kind. 3. We watched the play “ Teahouse”. The play was written by Lao She. We watched the play “teahouse” 1. The young man is a famous writer. You saw the young man yesterday. The young man is a famous writer. 2. This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in the house. This is the house 3. Where is the girl? You talked with her last Sunday. Where is the girl Exercises: 1. The girl _______ is sitting in the chair is a good singer. 2. The skirt __________ Mary bought two years ago is old. 3. Is this the novel __________ you introduced to me? 4. Where is the boy _______ broke the window? 5. The picture ________ you are looking at was drawn by a friend of mine.
注意: 关系代词 在定语从句中做主语, 指人或指物, 不能省掉.
关系代词 在定语从句中做宾语,指人或指物,可以省.
二、用法 1、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who(主格), whom（宾格）, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： a) 他就是 我昨天见到的 那个人。 ①He is the man. ②I saw him yesterday.------ b) 你认识 站在那边的 那个人吗？ ①Do you know the man? ②He is standing over there.------
the handsome the tall the strong —— boy ——The boy is Tom. the clever The boy who is handsome is Tom. The boy who is tall is Tom. The boy who is strong is Tom. The boy who is clever is Tom §The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主语) §The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face. 2
The boy who has a round face is Tom. §The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me. The man who sits in front of me is Tom. §The woman got the job. The woman can speak German. The woman who can speak German got the job. §The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind. (宾语) §The woman got the job. We saw her on the street. The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job. §The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk. §The boy is in the lab. You want to talk to him. The boy (whom) you want to talk to is in the lab. 或 The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab.
the red the green ——apple the small the big The apple which is red is mine. The apple which is green is yours. The apple which is red is small. The apple which is green is big. 以上四句中的 which 都可以用 that.
3）which, that 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 例如 ： a) 这是 我们去年参观的 工厂。 ①This is the factory. ②We visited it last year. ——This is the factory which / that we visited last year. 可以省略 说明：关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。 b) 这是 去年建造的 工厂。 ①This is the factory. ②It was built last year. ——This is the factory which / that was built last 不可以省略 year. 2、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 §Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat. The goat is eating her flowers. Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat which is eating her flowers. §Can you lend me the book? You talked about it last night. Can you lend me the book (which) you talked about last night. 或 Can you lend me the book about which you talked last night? §Do you find the pen? I wrote with it just now. Do you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now? 3
Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now? ★which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) ★介词提前时只能用which 而不能用 that §(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday. ▲The scientist Ø we met yester- day is very famous in the world. ▲The scientist whom we met yes- terday is very famous in the world. ▲The scientist who we met yes- terday is very famous in the world. ▲The scientist that we met yes- terday is very famous in the world. §(2)This is the best film. I have ever seen this film. ▲This is the best film that I have ever seen. ▲This is the best film Ø I have ever seen.
２、CUSTOMER: The books which are on the counter. sth.作为先行词 3、He says he's the man who bought these books. sb.作为先行词 4、The man who I served was wearing a hat. whom/that/省略 关系代词在从句中作宾语可省略
Grammar 辨别句子成分： 主语：动作的发出者 谓语：动词，即该动作 宾语：动作的承受者 定语：修饰名词或代词的 状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示时间、地点、原因、状态、目的、结果、方式、程度 关系代词who, whom. 二者用于指人。Who在定语从句中可做主语可做宾语，whom 在定语从句中只能作宾语。如果前面有介词，则只能用whom 关系代词which一般用来指物，即当先行词是物时，关系代词要选择which或that, 既可以作主语也可以作宾语, 但是当前面又介词时，只能用which。此外，that既可以指人，也可以指物， 关系代词只能用that 的情况 1 先行词既是人也是物 He is looking at the children and dogs that his daughter brought here. Do you know the persons and things that you are talking about? 2当先行词由序数词来修饰的时候 You are the first person that I want to see. 在本课中可以认为，指人的用who是不会错，指物的用which不会错的。that基本可以和以上关系代词互换，但也要注意两点：1. 如果是非限定的定语从句（看“,”号），不能用that；2. 如果从句前有介词修饰，也不能用that，
