实用钻井工具手册
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实用工具手册
塔里木工程技术服务公司
内容简介
本手册主要针对塔里木油田钻采作业所涉及到的工具和工具使用、维修的实际情况，系统地收集、整理和详细地介绍了工程技术服务公司打捞及工具分公司所辖及密切关联的井口工具、钻(管)柱工具、井下动力钻具、取心工具、套管开窗铣鞋和铣锥、震击解卡工具、事故处理辅助工具、小件落物打捞工具的规格、性能、结构、工作原理、操作使用要求、维修保养、判修判废、制造验收标准和规范等。尤其是对近年来引进的新工具和密切关联的工具作出了清楚明白的阐述。本手册紧密结合生产现场、内容详尽、实用性强，可供管理、技术和操作人员使用，也可供相关人员参考。
二OO四年十月
前 言
石油钻采作业过程中所涉及的工具种类繁多、千差万别，相关介绍钻采工具的手册种类也不少，相对塔里木油田钻采作业所涉及到的工具和工具使用维修的实际情况，现有的工具手册的内容都不是很全面、很具体，无法满足管理人员、技术人员和现场操作人员的需要。为了解决这一问题，编写一本能反应塔里木油田钻采作业所涉及到的工具和工具使用、维修实际情况的手册是十分必要和有意义的。
本手册系统地收集、整理和详细地介绍了工程技术服务公司打捞及工具分公司所辖及密切关联的工具的规格、性能、结构、工作原理、操作使用要求、维修保养、判修判废、制造验收标准和规范等，反应了塔里木油田钻采作业所涉及到的绝大部分工具和工具使用、维修的实际情况。本手册紧密结合生产现场、内容详尽、实用性强，是一本适合塔里木油田钻采作业相关人员使用的工具书。
本手册编写过程中得到了有关领导的关心和支持，同时也得到了有关人员的帮助和指导，这里谨表谢意。由于编写人员水平有限，资料和现场经验不足，缺点和错误难免，恳请读者批评指正。
目 录
第一章 井口工具···················································································（1）
第一节 吊卡······················································································（1）
第二节 套管吊钳················································································（8）
第三节 滚子方补芯··········································································（11）
第二章 钻(管)柱工具 ·········································································（15）
第一节 液压双向减震器····································································（15）
第二节 液压减震器···········································································（24）
第三节 悬浮器··················································································（31）
第四节 键槽扩大器···········································································（39）
第三章 井下动力钻具···············································································（42）
第一节 涡轮钻具··············································································（42）
第二节 螺杆钻具··············································································（54）
第四章 定向井和水平井工具·····································································（68）
第一节 弯接头··················································································（68）
第二节 无磁钻铤···············································································（73）
第三节 弯壳体螺杆钻具·····································································（78）
第四节 造斜涡轮钻具········································································（85）
第五章 取心工具·····················································································（89）
第六章 固井工具和尾管固井工具·······························································（99）
第一节 循环接头···············································································（99）
第二节 垫叉·····················································································（101）
第三节 刮削（壁）器········································································（103）
第四节 插入头··················································································（109）
第五节 钻杆扶正器···········································································（112）
第六节 尾管悬挂器送入工具·······························································（114）
第七节 喇叭口铣锥、回接筒铣锥························································（119）
第七章 套管开窗铣鞋、铣锥····································································（121）
第八章 套管整形工具·············································································（127）
第九章 震击解卡工具·············································································（133） 第一节 全机械式随钻震击器·······························································（133）
第二节 机械－液压式随钻震击器·························································（146）
第三节 液压上击器···········································································（157）
第四节 超级震击器···········································································（165）
第五节 液压加速器···········································································（174）
第六节 开式下击器············································································（182）
第七节 闭式下击器···········································································（187）
第八节 地面震击器···········································································（195）
第十章 管柱打捞工具·············································································（203）
第一节 公锥·····················································································（203）
第二节 母锥·····················································································（208）
第三节 可退式卡瓦打捞矛··································································（212）
第四节 可退式卡瓦打捞筒··································································（217）
第五节 倒扣接头···············································································（225）
