春季教案高一第十一讲动词不定式
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高一英语
1 第十一讲 动词不定式
姓名： 学校： 年级：
【学习目标】
掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。非谓语动词包括不定式，现在分词，过去分词，动名词。
学习重点在于要知道哪些动词后面接不定式，哪些动词后面接动名词。
【知识要点】
1、非谓语动词的句法功能
名称 语 法 功 能
主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √
现在分词 √ √ √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √
非谓语动词的否定式都是在非谓语动词前加not构成。如：
He decided not to do it.他决定不做那件事。
Not having finished his work,I couldn’t go to see the film with you.
因为没有做完作业，所以我不能和你去看电影。
He asked me not to touch this machine.他叫我别碰这台电脑。
动词不定式
不定式的形式： to do sth
否定式：not + (to) do
(1) 作主语（相当于名词或代词的作用）
To see is to believe. (百闻不如一见) 高一英语
2 (2)★:下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse 、expect 、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、wait, fail、plan、agree、forget、remember, like、prefer、decide、manage、attempt ,
mean , intend , agree , try、arrange 、determine 、desire , pretend等.
下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：know, teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。
eg；I don’t know what to do.
(3)不定式作宾补。
①省略to的动词有feel、hear、listen to、make、let、have 、see、watch、notice、observe（一感，二听，三让，四看）等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。
eg：I saw him came into the building.(主动)
He was seen to come into the building.（被动）
②常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：
主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like/ warn/ encourge/ inspire/ invite + sb.to
do sth.
③主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/
consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done
④主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.
（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。
①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。
He got a chance to enter into university.
②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。
There is no one to look after her.
③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系,而且不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后应跟必要的介词。
She is now looking for a room to live in. 高一英语
3 Please give me a chair to sit on .
（5）不定式作状语的用法。
不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。
We hurried to the classroom only to find none there .
in order(not)to,so as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough,too, so… as to do, such + 名词… as to do作结果状语，如:
The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.
I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。
①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。
The novel was said to have been published.
I regret to have been with you for so many years.
seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。
此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。
I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）
②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。（A）should like to / would
like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时。（B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。
（7）不定式的省略。
①同一结构并列由and或or连接。
I want to finish my homework and go home.
I’m really puzzled what to think or say. 高一英语
4 特例：To be or not to be,that is a question.
He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)
②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。
What he did was lose the game.
③句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。
Don’t do anything silly, such as marry him.
④主句含有不定式，后面有rather than后省to。
⑤★Why not、had better、would rather、can’t but(不得不)等词后省to。如：
He could not but walk home.
（8）不定式的替代。
多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：
Susan is not what she used to be.
—You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.
—I know I ought to have.
常见的有：I’d like / love / be happy to.
（9）下列情况需要注意：
①不定式作定语修饰的名词作give , have, get , buy , lend , want等动词的宾语且句中有不定式的逻辑主语时，有时有被动意义。eg:
Please give me something to eat.
I have a lot of work to do.
②不定式to let（出租），to blame(责备) 常用主动形式表被动。eg:
The house is to let.
Who is to blame for it?
③注意区别作为不定式符号“to”与介词to.
I am looking forward to seeing you soon..我期望尽快见到你。（to 为介词） 高一英语
5 We are used to living this area.我们习惯了在这个地方生活。（to为介词）
I used to get up at 6:oo.我过去常常六点起床。（to 为不定式符号）
常用的以介词to结尾的短语如下：
look forward to期待 object to反对 reject to反对
be(get) used to习惯于 be addicted to(沉迷于) devoted …to把…献给
lead to 导致 prefer…to更喜欢 refer to谈到
④常见的作独立成分的不定式短语：to tell the truth , to be honest (说实话), to begin with , to
start with (开始) , to be frank (坦白的说) eg:
To tell the truth,I don’t like him.说句实话，我不喜欢他。
【典型例题】
1. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered __________ at the party, but not
