高考语法(5)形容词和副词
- 格式：doc
- 大小：342.50 KB
- 文档页数：22
形容词副词（一）
22 一、 学习目标
形容词在句子中一般做定语,表语和宾语补足语. 有些形容词可以跟定冠词连用,表示一类人或事物, 可以做主语或宾语.表示一类人看作是复数, 一类事物时看作是单数.
the aged the young the oppressed
the new the beautiful the good
The old are well taken care of in our country.
Robin Hood hated the rich and loved the poor
形容词的比较等级
大多数的形容词分为三个等级: 原级, 比较级和最高级.
1) 规则变化: 单音节词和少数双音节词, 加词尾-er, -est构成比较级和最高级
形容词副词（一）
22
形容词的比较等级的用法
1) 当表示两者的比较时, 通常用 “形容词比较级+than”的结构
John is clever than the other boys.
The earth is bigger than the moon. 形容词副词（一）
22 Two heads are better than one.
注: senior, junior 和superior 后用to, 构成比较级.
He is senior to me.
2) 表示两者以上的比较时, 通常用 “the + 形容词最高级(+名词) + of(in)---”的结构
This is the happiest day in my life.
The smallest living things that can be seen under a
microscope are bacteria, but you know that they
aren’t the smallest things in the world.
3)表示两者是同等程度或不同等程度时, 通常用 “as + 形容词原级 +as---” 或 “ not as (so) +形容词原级+as---”的结构
He’s just as tall as I. He is not as (so) tall as I.
There are as many books in our library as in your
library.
4)表示两者不同等程度, 有 “less +形容词的原级+than ---”的结构.
It is less cold than it was yesterday.
The circle of light spreads out and becomes less
bright.
形容词副词（一）
22 5) 在形容词比较级前还可以用much, very much, even,
still, far, a lot, lots, a great deal, twice, three times,
15%, a little, a bit, rather, slightly 等程度状语, 以及其他的表示长多少, 重多少, 远多少的状语
The direct rays from the overhead sun are much
more concentrated than the rays which strike the
earth at a slant.
This story is even more interesting than that one.
6)“比较级+and+比较级”的结构用来表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长, 汉语意思为 “越来越—”
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger and
our life happier and happier.
7)“ the +比较级---, the+比较级---”表示一方的程度随另一方的程度平行增长, 汉语意思为 “越---, 越---”
the poorer the workers were, the richer the
capitalists got.
The higher the ground, the cooler the air.
8）形容词作状语,表示伴随的情况、原因或结果，并不表示动作的方式等。
He stood there,full of fear.他站在那里，满心恐惧。 形容词副词（一）
22 He lay in bed,wide awake.他躺在床上，清醒得很。
She spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and
hungry.
As he looked at it, the goat rolled over dead.
He returned home ,safe and sound.他回家了，十分安全。
9）not + 形容词的比较级+ than与 no + 形容词的比较级+
than的区别
not + 形容词的比较级+ than 表示 “不比---好(或坏)”, 即两者在某一方面不相上下。
John is not better than Tom. 约翰并不比汤姆好
This machine is not better than that one. 这台机器不比那台好
10）no + 形容词的比较级+ than 表示该形容词或副词的相反含义, 意思是 “与---一样不---”, 如no better than相当于as
bad as , no wiser than相当于as stupid as , no bigger
than = as small as
The machine is no better than that one.
Jim is no more careful than you are.
11）否定词+比较级
12）表语形容词和定语形容词 形容词副词（一）
22 表语形容词有well, content, pleased, well 以及大多数的以 a开头的形容词, 如aflame, ashamed, afraid, alike,
alive, alone, asleep.
He is feeling quite content.
The little girl is awake.
如果用做定语是后置定语
A man asleep can’t hear it.
There is no person awake to the danger.
副词
副词的种类
1.方式副词, 程度副词, 时间副词, 地点副词
2.句子副词, 连接副词, 解说副词, 疑问副词, 关系副词, 感叹副词
副词的用法
1)状语: 如果同时有方式副词, 时间副词和地点副词, 一般是:
方式副词+地点副词+时间副词
2)表语
3)宾补
4)定语(常后置)
His father has just come back from his trip abroad.
Life here is busy and interesting.
5)介宾 It is a long way from here to the station. 形容词副词（一）
22
副词的最高级与形容词的最高级类似,只是最高级前可以省去定冠词the
Who runs (the) fastest in your class?
某些副词的用法区别
1)already, yet, still
already 表示某事已经发生,
yet表示期待某事发生,
still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句
He’s already finished his work.
He hasn’t finished his work yet. 形容词副词（一）
22 Are you still here.
I thought you had left years ago.
already 和yet可用于疑问句, 但含义不同.
Have you met professor Wang yet?(一般性疑问)
Have you already met Professor Wang?(表示出乎意料)
2)ago, before
ago = back in time from now 表示以现在为起点的以前;
before = at an earlier time, 表示指 “过去” 或 “ 未来” 某一时刻以前, 泛指以前用before.
I started working in the school three years ago.
We have never met them before.
3)too, also, either
too 和 also 用于肯定句, too 多用于口语, also多用于书面语, either用于否定句
You like to play table tennis.
I like to play table tennis, too.
I also like to play table tennis.
I don't enjoy football, and I don’t like swimming
either.
4)very, very much
