(完整)初中英语语法--名词专题(含练习)
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1 名词（一） 一、名词的概念：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。 二、名词的分类： 1．专有名词：它的第一个字母通常大写。 a. 人名、地名、国名等 例如：Lucy, Shanghai, China b.组织、团体、机构等 例如: the United Nations c.语言、星期、月份等 例如：English, Friday, March (注意介词in/on/at的用法) 注意：国家与人的对应 China----- Chinese America---- American(s) Australia---- Australian(s) Canada---- Canadian(s) Japan---- Japanese Germany---- German(s) France----Frenchman(Frenchmen) GB----Englishman(Englishmen) 2． 普通名词： （1）不可数名词：不可以直接以数字计算的名词。例如：snow, air, water, rice, paper, work, news(新闻)，food, rain, weather, juice, milk, meat, money ，English, fruit , information … 不可数名词要表示具体数量，必须借助of短语。如不能说one bread，但是可以说one piece of bread和two pieces of bread。 只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语： little很少的（表示否定）； a little一些（表示肯定），much（许多），how much（多少）， a bit of（一些） 既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语： some(一些，用于肯定句), any（一些，用于否定和疑问句）a lot of (许多), lots of(许多) ★ 不可数名词量的表示方法：计量词+of 例如：a piece of news a cup of tea a piece of bread two pieces of news two cups of tea two pieces of bread 注意： a bag of apples 2
（2）可数名词：可以直接以数字计算的名词。如one book、two pens。可数名词有数的变化，即每个名词都有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词可以用两种方式表示具体数量：1、直接在其前加数词；2、在其前加of短语（of+可以用作计量的名词）。如：one egg, two eggs; one basket of eggs, two baskets of eggs ★名词复数的构成： a. 一般情况下，直接在词尾加s; 例如：book---books girl---girls desk---desks b.以s, x, sh, ch结尾的，在词尾加es；例如：box---boxes bus---buses watch---watches fish---fishes c. 以辅音字母+y 结尾的，变y为i 加es; 例如：city---cities family---families 以元音字母（a, e, i, o, u）+y 结尾的，直接加s; 例如：boy---boys day---days key---keys d. 以f或fe结尾的，变f或fe为v加es; 例如：knife---knives life---lives wife---wives half---halves但roof, scarf 后直接加s e. 以o结尾的，有生命的(或以辅音字母加o 结尾的)加es, 没生命的（或以元音字母加o结尾的）加s; 例如：radio---radios Negro---Negroes tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes zoo---zoos piano---pianos photo--- photos 但hippo后直接加s 以下名词特别容易出错，请注意：stomach胃—stomachs, roof屋顶—roofs, reef暗礁—reefs, belief信仰—beliefs，handkerchief手帕—handkerchiefs/handkerchieves ★ Man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, child-children, fish-fish/fishes, sheep-sheep, ox-oxen（公牛）, deer-deer, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, mouse-mice policeman-policemen 等 注：German(德国人)–Germans 只能用来修饰可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语： few很少的（表示否定），a few一些（表示肯定），many（许多），how many（多少），a number of(许多的), several几个
课堂练习： 3
一、写出下列名词的复数形式： 1. egg _____________ 2. watch _____________ 3. story ______________ 4. knife _____________ 5. radio ___________ 6. tomato _____________ 7. desk _____________ 8. glass _____________ 9. child _______________ 10. sheep ____________ 11. Chinese __________ 12.pencil-box ___________ 13. wife ___________ 14. family________ 15. city____________ 16. dress ___________ 17.Englishman ___________18. match ___________ 19. exam___________ 20. German __________ 21. potato__________ 22. .juice__________ 23.water________ 24.holiday________ 25.paper_______ 26.factory______ 27. thief_________
28.bus________ 29.class________ 30.glass______
31. wife 32. baby 33. policeman 34.brush
二、单项选择 1. Please pass me _____. A. two glass of water B. two glasses of waters C. two glasses of water D. two glass water 2. They got much ____ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C.information D. stories 3. He had something to write down and asked me for ______. A.a paper B.some papers C.some pieces of papers D.a piece of paper 4. Some ______ are flying kites near the river. A.child B.boy C.boys D.childs 5. I’d like some water, but he wants _______. A. two bottle orange B. two bottles of orange C. two bottles of oranges D. two bottles of oranges 6. Look at the _______. You can see______ ________ and ________. A. photos; potatoes, tomatoes, radioes B. photoes; potatoes, tomatoes, radios C. photos; potatoes, tomatoes, radios D. photos; potatos, tomatos, radioes 7. Cut the apple into ________. A. halfs B.halves C. half 8. Mr. Lin often gives us __________ by e-mail. A. some good information B. some good informations C. good informations D. a good information 4
9. There are _____ in the fields. They’re eating grass. A. a horse B. much horses C. many horse D. many horses 10. I am thirsty. Would you bring me _______, please? A.some bread B.some water C.some cakes D.some eggs 11. ---How great Dalian Radio and TV center looks!---Yes. That’s one of the greatest ________ in Dalian. A. building B. build C. buildings D. builds 12. How many ______ has the old farmer got? A. field B. sheep C. mutton D. cow 13. The guide has some new _______. She can show them to us. A.rice B.food C.jacket D.pictures 14. ---What would you like to drink, girls? ---__________, please. A.Two cup of coffee B.Two cups of coffees C.Two cups of coffee D.Two cup of coffees 15. The _______ are going to fly to Beijing. A.Germen B.Germany C.Germanys D.Germans 16. The _______ has two ___________. A.boys, watches B.boy, watch C.boy, watches D.boys,watch 17. The boy always stays there for __________. A.one and half hour B.one and a half hour C.one and half hours D.one and a half hours 18. ---They are thirsty. Will you please give them _________? ---Certainly. A.some bottles of waters B.some bottles of water C.some bottle of water D.some bottle of waters 19. Don’t you think Dalian is one of the most beautiful ________ in China? A.cities B.city C.place D.towns up 20. ---What can I do for you? ---I’m looking for __________. A.a pair of shoes B.a pair of T-shirt C.two pairs of hat D.two pair of trousers 21. Twelve _______ were hurt, but no _________ were lost in that accident. A.person; life B.people; lives C.peoples; lives D.persons; life
