2015年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题（A卷）科目代码及名称:820英语语言学适用专业：英语语言文学01、03方向考生（请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）I.Discriminate the following pairs of terms.(25points)1.psycholinguistics vs.cognitive linguistics;2.error vs.mistake;petence vs. communicative competence;4.synchronic vs.diachronic;5.phonetics vs.phonology.II.Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.If it is true, write A on the answer sheet;if it is false,write B on it.(20points)1.The study of language in use is called pragmatics.2.Chomsky has been called father of modern linguistics.3.The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of compositionality.4.There are three main subtypes of antonymy:gradable antonymy,converse antonymy,and relational antonymy.5.We can divide a syllable into two parts,the RHYME(or RIME)and the ONSET.The vowel within the rhyme is the NUCLEUS,with the consonant(s)after it termed the CODA.6.The study of how words are combined to form sentences is called syntax.7.The sound[s]is shared by“maps”and“keeps”as a common morpheme.8.When we use a simple set of symbols in our transcription,it is called a NARROW TRANSCRIPTION.9.The change of the negative prefix“in-”to“im-”when preceding/p/is through a process called assimilation.10.The lower terms for a superordinate are class members.11.Garden path sentences are sentences that are initially interpreted with a different structure than they actually have.12.A stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which a derivational affix can be added.13.The word“interpersonal”consists of three morphemes.14.Nouns,adverbs,and adjectives belong to function words.15.Polymorphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called compounds.第1页，共2页ngue is defined by Saussure as the concrete utterances of a speaker.17.Positional relation,or word order,refers to the sequential arrangement of words in a language.18.All the words in a language can be used to refer to,but only some have senses.19.Sense is regarded as a kind of intralinguistic relationship.20.The word“baby-sit”is an exocentric compound.III.Answer the following questions.(30points)1.How do you comment on Paul Herbert Grice’s CP(COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE)?2.How do you interpret REGISTER?IV.Analysis.(25points)1.Write down the phonetic symbol according to each of the following descriptions,andthen give an English word that contains this sound.(10points)Phonetic description phonetic symbol English word(1)bilabial nasal[](2)voiced postalveolar affricate[](3)voiceless velar stop[](4)mid central unrounded lax vowel[](5)back high rounded tense vowel[]2.Disambiguate the given two constructions below using IC(immediate constituent) analysis.Tree diagrams are required.(10points)(1)John loves old towns and villages.(2)The children watched the firework from the hill.3.Write out the semantic components of each word.(5points)(1)raise;(2)wifeV.Write a short essay in about500words on either of the two topics below. (50points)1.In Chinese,expressions for moving from one city to another by way of yet another city must take the form‘from X pass-through Y to Z’,and cannot be expressed as‘from X to Z pass-through Y’.How would you characterize the form-meaning relationship exhibited by these Chinese expressions?2.Is it necessary to distinguish between semantics and pragmatics?Please argue for your view.第2页，共2页。
D A BC2020年硕士研究生招生考试试题（请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）一、简述题（40分，每题20分）1.请用建构主义的观点简要阐述“什么是数学知识？”2.请简要阐述中国数学双基教学的基本策略二、案例分析题（40分，每题20分）3. 有人说：“数学是追求精确、严谨的，而数学教育则具有一定的模糊性。
”请你谈谈对这句话的理解。
4. “化归思想”在数学问题解决中几乎无所不在、无处不在，请你谈谈“化归思想”在数学教学中的地位和作用。
三、数学问题解决（40分，每题20分）5.如图，线段AB 分别是和的平分线，求证：四边形ACBD 是一个轴对称图形。
6. 已知)(x f 为定义在R 上的不恒为零的函数，且对任意的a 、R b ∈恒有()()()f ab af b bf a =+求：①(0),(1)f f ； ②判断()f x 的奇偶性；③若(2)2,(2)()n n f a f n N -==∈，求n a a a +++ 21四、论述题（30分）7. 就目前自己的理解，您认为就如何进行数学概念教学？要求举例并阐述。
第1页，共 1页2015年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题（请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）一、填空题：（每题5分，共50分）1. 在数学教育领域，ICMI组织的含义是▲；2.《怎样解题》对世界数学教育产生重大影响，其作者是▲；3.《几何原本》的作者是▲；4.微积分发明者的两位主要人物是▲；5.当今我国理论性、学术性公认最强的数学教育研究学术杂志是▲；6.数学开放题主要是我国学者▲从日本引进的；7.请写出一部我国古代著名的数学研究著作▲；8.勾股定理在西方又称之为▲；9.请写出一位当今我国公认著名的数学教育研究的学者▲；10.“淡化形式，注重实质”是我国数学教育学者▲提出来的。
二、简述题：（每题10分，共30分）1.请简述我国传统观念中提出的数学“三大能力”的具体含义。
2.试举例说明数学应用对数学教育的价值。
2015中山大学620西方哲学史考研真题
一、简答题(5题选做4题，每题10分，计40分)
1、如何理解“人是万物的尺度”?
2、如何理解普罗提诺的“流溢说”?
3、简述托马斯·阿奎那在“共相”问题上的基本立场。
4、莱布尼茨是如何区分“矛盾律”和“充足理由律”的?
5、如何理解黑格尔的“真理是全体”?
二、论述题(每题25分，计50分)
1、请说明晚期柏拉图和亚里士多德分别是如何批评早期柏拉图的理念论(相论)的。
2、请比较安瑟尔模和笛卡尔有关上帝存在证明的学说。
三、文献阅读题(每题30分，计60分)
请阅读下面的文献材料，并结合哲学史知识，谈谈自己的见解。
1、我们如果相信这些原则，那我们在巡行各个图书馆时，将有如何大的破坏呢?我们如果在手里拿起一本书来，例如神学书或经院哲学书，那我们就可以问，其中包含着数和量的任何抽象推论么?没有。
其中包含着关于实在事实和存在的任何经验的推论么?没有。
那么，我们就可以把它投在烈火里，因为它所包含的没有别的，只有诡辩和幻想。
2、人们可以把对这条仁纯粹实践理性的〕基本法则的意识称为理性的一个事实，这不是因为人们能够从理性的先行资料出发，例如从自由的意识出发(因为这个意识不是被预先给予我们的)玄想出这一法则，而是因为它独立地作为先天综合命题把自己强加给我们，这个先天综合命题不是基于任何直观，既不是基于纯粹的直观也不是基于经验性的直观。
