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Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics
1.1 Why study language?
1. Language is very essential to human beings.
2. In language there are many things we should know.
3. For further understanding, we need to study language
scientifically.
1.2 What is language?
1.3 Design features of language
The features that define our human languages can be called
design features which can distinguish human language from any
animal system of communication.
1.3.1 Arbitrariness
1.3.2 Duality
1.3.3 Creativity
Creativity means that language is resourceful because of its
duality and its recursiveness. Recursiveness refers to the
rule which can be applied repeatedly without any definite limit.
The recursive nature of language provides a theoretical basis
for the possibility of creating endless sentences.
胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）
学习指导
- 1 –
更多资料请访问 前 言
其实我的这一个语言学学习指导系列本来没有想做得这么大的，最初只是我买了一本语言学教程的辅导资料，发现里面有的名词解释总结得很不错，所以就想整理一下各章的名词解释。后来觉得既然是整理，光整理名词解释，还不如对知识点做一个较全面的学习指导材料。结果就此一发而不可收，终于形成了现在的这一整套资料。不明白是什么的朋友们可以参考考研论坛（）外语版的相关帖子。
本资料主要分为三部分，第一部分为各章节提纲笔记，第二部分为重点章节测试题，第三部分为测试题参考答案。
整理这一套资料真得很劳心费力，希望能够对大家有所帮助。在考研论坛上，我所有的相关资料都设置了阅读权限和K币，一个是为了防止盗用，但更重要的不是为了限制什么，只是希望大家在能够很容易得到资料的同时，也能够想到要付出一些，将来考上研了以后能够回到这里，与后来的研友们分享一些所能够得到的信息，资源共享，信息交流，这才是考研论坛的本意。也希望大家在以后复习语言学的时候，能够想到冰暖茶在这门课程上作的小小的努力，如果大家都能成功，我的努力就是值得的。
需要说明的是，我在整理资料的过程中，得到了ksguobw, lxm1000w, micronannan, 天使精灵（排名不分先后）等朋友的资源共享和大力协助，在此对他们以及一贯支持冰暖茶的朋友们表示感谢！
由于水平有限，加之时间仓促，疏漏之处在所难免，欢迎各位读者批评指正。
冰暖茶 2006年11月 - 2 –
更多资料请访问 目 录
前言„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 1
目录„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 3
第一部分 各章节提纲笔记„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 4
Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 4
(完整word版)胡壮麟语言学教程(修订版)一至三单元课后名词解释中英对照
语言学教程 chapter1-3
1. design feature: are features that define our human languages,such as
arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,cultural transmission,etc.
本质特征：决定了我们语言性质的特征。如任意性、二重性、创造性、移位性等等。
2. function: the use of language to communicate,to think ,nguage functions
inclucle imformative function,interpersonal function,performative function, emotive
function,phatic communion,recreational function and metalingual function.
功能：运用语言进行交流、思考等等。语言的功能包括信息功能、人际功能、施为功能、感情功能。
3. etic: a term in contrast with emic which originates from American linguist Pike’s
distinction of phonetics and phonemics.Being etic means making far too many, as
well as behaviously inconsequential,differentiations,just as was ofter the case with
phonetic vx.phonemic analysis in linguistics proper.
教案（首页）
200 ——200 学年 第 学期 第 周至第 周
课程名称 学分 总学时
理论： 学时
实验： 学时 课程性质
必修课（ ） 选修课（ ）
基础课（ ） 专业课（ ）
任课教师 职称
授课对象 专业 年级 班
教材分析
教学目的和
要求
教学重点
和难点
教学方法和手段
主要参考资料
教学进程
教案填写说明：
①教材和主要参考资料要求表明教材或参考文献的名称、作者、出版社和出版时间。
②教学方法、手段指使用直观教具、挂图、板图、多媒体教学及双语教学等方法。
③教学进程内容包括课堂教学内容、教学方法、辅助手段、师生互动、时间分配、板书设计和作业布置等。
④板书设计可在教学进程中直接用横线、浪线等标示出来。
⑤教后感是对本次教学过程中自我感觉成功的地方以及存在的不足和学生反馈的信息情况进行总结。 Teaching Plan
课程名称： 课程类型： 第 次课 3 学时： 上课日期：
1、Contents：Chapter 2: Phonetics: the study of speech sounds
Teaching aims: let the students have the general idea about phonetics and phonology.
Focal points: description of consonants and vowels; basic knowledge about phonology
Teaching difficulties: phoneme; allophone; minimal pair; complementary distribution
