美国大鼻子校车受到无微不至的关注

美国校车由来已久。在殖民地后期，城镇的孩子上学都是步行，但他们在农村的、居住稍远一些同学，就由家长或拼车或租车，把孩子送到城里上学。美国立国后，迅速扩张，大批城镇兴起，这时候，到类似中国的乡镇中心学校上学的孩子们在一个村落里可能就要有七八个。于是，乡村自治体开始长期雇佣一些私人公司提供接送孩子上学的服务。这些私人服务商就逐渐演化为校车公司。当然，早期的校车是马车，直到上个世纪初，校车才升格为汽车。在美国，校车公司都是私人开办的。不过，校车公司从来都享受公共财政的补贴。早期，马车时代的校车公司是由乡村等自治体提供费用，而到现在，则是联邦政府和州政府提供补贴。据说，补贴目前占到校车运营成本的五成之上，可以说，正是因为校车公司得到了补贴，所以，校车才没有中断过运营，并由此形成了美国的校车文化。

America has long been a school bus. Late in the colonies, the town's children go to school is on

foot, but they are in the countryside, live a little far some of my classmates, just by the parent or

carpool or car rental, send children to school in the city. Rapid expansion after the U.S. state, large

towns grew, at that time, similar to China's township center of the school children in a village may

be about to have seven or eight. So the rural commune began to long-term hire some private

companies offering services to transport their children to school. These private providers will

gradually evolve into the bus company. Of course, the early school bus is the carriage, until the

last century, the school bus was upgraded to a car. In the United States, the school bus is a private

company. School bus companies, however, has never been to enjoy public finance subsidy. Early

on, the carriage times of school bus is provided by the rural commune, such as cost, by now, is a

federal and state subsidies. , it is said that the subsidies currently above fifty percent of the school

bus operating costs, so to speak, it is because the bus company received subsidies, therefore, the

school bus is not ceased operations, and thus formed the American school bus culture.

美国的校车文化大致上由几个部分组成：首先，大鼻子校车是公交的一部分。美国校车称之为schoolbus，在英语中，凡是bus，都是指公共使用的车辆，它与私家车是有严格区分的。在历史上，“Schoolcars”或“Schooltrucks”都用来指称过校车，但是，最后美国校车统一使用schoolbus，就是强调bus的公共性。校车虽然是公交的一部分，但是，鉴于使用者为孩子，他们自我守护安全的能力较低;鉴于孩子上下学时间的约束性高，因此，校车又是在特殊时间段必须加以保障的特殊公交。美国人向来反对特权，但是，他们却集体授权校车可以享受种种特权。比如，普通车辆对于校车的避让等等。

The American school bus culture generally consists of several parts: first of all, part of the school

bus is a bus. American school buses called schoolbus, in English, every bus, is refers to the public

use of vehicles, there are strictly distinguish it with private cars. In history, "Schoolcars" or

"Schooltrucks" is used to refer to the school bus, but the American school bus unified use

schoolbus, is to emphasize the commonality of bus. Although the bus is part of the bus, however,

in view of the users for their children, their ability of self guard security is low; Given time

binding high school children, therefore, the school bus is in a particular time period special bus

must be guaranteed. Americans are against privilege, however, they are collective authorized

school bus can enjoy all the privileges. For example, ordinary vehicles for school bus collision

avoidance and so on.

其次，校车是美国义务教育的一部分。美国的基础义务教育法案规定：所有美国儿童必须接受12年的基础教育，儿童所在的社区必须提供完全免费的教育，而完全免费的义务教育的一个部分就是：免费乘坐校车。美国经济学家曾经有过一个计算，如果每个家长都亲自送孩子上学，那么，家长们所耗费的总时间成本和总物质成本，所造成的总交通拥堵都将大大高于校车运行所带来的耗费，而这也是美国政府和美国民众大力支持校车的经济因素。

Second, the school bus is part of the compulsory education in the United States. The compulsory

education law, the basis of all American children must accept 12 years of basic education,

children's community have to offer a completely free education, and completely free compulsory

education is a part of the free ride in the bus. American economist, used to have a calculation, if

every parents send their children to school in person, then, parents took the total time cost and the

total material cost, caused by the traffic jams are always would be much higher than the cost

brought by the school bus operation, and it is also the economic factors of the government and the

American people support the school bus.

第三，公共的校车是由私人公司提供的。虽然校车是公共使用的，但是，与许多美国的公共产品和公共服务一样，校车服务提供者却是私人公司。美国有校车40多万辆，由大大小小几千家公司来经营。其中最大的一家校车公司拥有校车6000多辆，是一家全国性的公司。大部分的校车都是城镇的私人小公司经营，这些小公司拥有从三四辆到上百辆校车的规模。美国人向来信奉市场经济哲学，他们认为，即使如校车这样的公共服务，如果能让私人公司经营，就不用公有企业经营，只有私人经营的服务，才有可能产生效率。

Third, the public bus is provided by private companies. Although the school bus is a public use,

but, like many American public products and public service, the school bus service provider is a

private company. In the United States, there are the school bus more than 40 units, to run by

thousands of large and small companies. One of the biggest a school bus school bus company has

more than 6000, is a national company. Most of the school bus is the town's small private

company, from these small companies have three or four vehicles to the scale of hundreds of

school bus. Americans have always believed in a market economy philosophy, they think, even if