名词及所有格

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名词及所有格一、名词的种类:名词的概念:名词是用来表示人名、地名、事物名称及其抽象概念的词类,在句子中往往做主语、宾语、表语,有时也做定语。

可数名词普通名词物质名词rice, sugar 名词分为:不可数名词抽象名词work, information专有名词Shanghai, English二、名词的数:可数名词有单数和复数之分,如 a book, two books。

1、个别名词单复数同性,如one Chinese, two Chinese, one Japanese, twoJapanese, one sheep, two sheep, one deer, two deer(两只梅花鹿)2、有的名词复数形式由改变单数名词的元音字母构成,如man—men,woman—women, foot—feet, tooth--teeth , goose—geese, mouse—mice,policeman—policemen, businesswoman—businesswomen 等。

3、有的名词复数形式由单数名词加后缀构成,如child—children ,ox—oxen等。

4、有的名词单数形式表复数概念,如people(人们), police(警察)三、不可数名词及其数量的表示1.不可数名词没有复数形式,但paper 在作为报纸或讲义解释时为可数名词,news(消息)尽管以-s,结尾,实为不可数名词。

2.不可数名词可以用量词来修饰,如a piece of paper/news/ bread/meat a glass of milk/watera cup of tea a bottle of inktwo loaves of bread some advicea little work a lot of homework四、专有名词专有名词是表示具体的人名、地名或事物、机构等名称,通常第一个字母大写,且多不加冠词,但由普通名词构成的专有名词除外。

January (月份),Wednesday (星期),China, New York(地名),Mr. Green(称呼),John Smith(人名),the Great Wall (由普通名词构成的专有名词)五、名词所有格1.表示有生命的名词所有格:(1)一般在名词后加-'s,如Tom’s English teacher, Li Lei’s school bag(2)以s结尾的复数名词所有格,一般只在名词右上角加’,如the teachers’office, the students’ desks, 但以s结尾的单数名词所有格加’s,如my boss’s glasses (我老板的眼镜)(3)如两个人共同拥有同样的东西,则在最后一个名词的后面加’s,如果是各自拥有的,则两个名词后面都要加’s,如Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(共有),Lucy’s and Lily’s schoolbags (各自所有)2.表示无生命的名词所有格(1)通常采用“of +名词”结构来表示无生命的名词所有格,放在被修饰名词的后面, 如the gate of the school, the door of the bus(2)有些表时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词也可加’s构成所有格,如today’s newspaper, ten minutes’ walk(3)双重所有格双重所有格是将of所有格和’s所有格结合在一起的形式,表示整体中的一部分或其中一个,如a friend of mine, a classmate of my father’s六、修饰可数名词和不可数名词的量词修饰可数名词的量词:many , (a) few, a pair of , a group of修饰不可数名词的量词:much, (a) little, a piece of既可修饰也可修饰不可数的量词:some, a lot of, lots of针对性练习I.Pick out the countable nouns and change them into the plural form(找出下列名词中的可数名词并改为复数形式)1.mouse _____________2.Chinese ____________k_______________4.brush______________5.bus________________6.tomato_____________7.water______________8.knife_______________9.sheep_______________10.radio_______________ . 11.tooth_______________12.toy_________________13.photo_______________14.news________________15.watch_______________16.woman_____________17.newspaper___________18.rice_________________19.bread_______________20.leaf_________________II.Translate the following phrases into English(将下列词组翻译成中文):1.两袋米__________2.三张纸______________3.四个苹果____________4.五个日本人_________________5.我妈妈的一只包_____________6.昨天的报纸_________________7.两盒鸡蛋___________________8.许多城市___________________9.十二条鱼___________________10.一些牛奶___________________III.Choose the best answer( 选择最恰当的答案):( )1. Uncle Tom is a farmer. He keeps many _____ on his farm.A. birdB. horseC. pigD. sheep( )2. Could you please get me some _____? I'm hungry.A. appleB. waterC. breadD. egg( )3. Do you know ___________ ? Is she a doctor?A.Tom and Mike’s motherB. Tom’s and Mike’s motherC.Tom and Mike’s mothersD. Tom’s and Mike’s mothers ( )4. We haven’t __________ homework today.A.manyB. muchC. a lot ofD. lots of( )5. What colour would you like?A.an orangeB. orangeC. orangesD. the orange ( )6. --Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest bus stop?--Go down th is road. It’s about _____ walk.A. five minute’sB. five minutes’C. five-minutesD. five minutes( )7. Mother bought two ______this morning, so we will have______ for lunch.A.fish, fishB. fishes, fishC. fishes, fishesD. fish, fishes ( )8. I’m so hungry. Please give me _____ to eat.A. three breadB. three pieces of breadC. three pieces of breadsD. three piece of bread( )9. ---Would you like something to drink?---Oh, yes, just a little _____, please.A. milkB. appleC. pearsD. oranges ( )10. June 1st is _____________ Day.A.Child Child’s C. Children D. Children’s IV.Rewrite the following sentences as required(句型转换):1.I want to buy some books. (改为一般疑问句)_________ you want to buy ________ books?2.Tom got many gifs on his birthday. (改为否定句)Tom _________ _________ many gifts on his birthday.3.There are five people in my family. (就划线部分提问)________ _________ people are there in your family?4.That cat is running after a mouse. (把句子改为复数形式)Those cats _________ running after some ________.5.There are five bottles of milk in the box. (就划线部分提问)_______ ________ milk is there in the box.。