药学 unit 11 the package insert and prescription (1)

P117--14制药专英作业

Unit11

oral route of drug administration is the most important method of

administering drugs for systemic effects

Translations:

口服给药是通过给药途径产生系统效应中最重要的方式。

in cases of Insulin therapy,the parenteral route is not routinely used

for self-administration of medication

除胰岛素疗法之外，肠外给药途径通常不适用于患者自主用药。

topic route of administration has only recently been employed to

deliver drugs to the body for systemic effects , with two classes of

marketed products : Nitroglycerin for the treatment of angina and

scopolamine for the treatment of motion sickness.

局部给药这种途径只是最近几年来才被用于把药物送到人体内从而产生系统效应，采用这种给药方式的药物有两种已经上市：用于医治心绞痛的硝酸甘油酯和医治晕动症的莨岩胺。

drugs are certain to follow , but the topical route of administration

is limited in its ability to allow effective drug absorption for systemic

drug action.

此后肯定还会有其他的药物接踵出现，可是局部给药的途径在药物有效吸收从而产生药物系统效应方面仍有其局限性。

Unit 1 Production of Drugs

Depending on their production or origin pharmaceutical agents can be split into three groups:

I .Totally synthetic materials (synthetics)，

Ⅱ.Natural products，and

Ⅲ .Products from partial syntheses (semi-synthetic products).

The emphasis of the present book is on the most important compounds of groups I and Ⅲ一thus Drug synthesis. This

does not mean，however，that natural products or other agents are less important. They can serve as valuable lead

structures，and they are frequently needed as starting materials or as intermediates for important synthetic products.

Table 1 gives an overview of the different methods for obtaining pharmaceutical agents.

1单元生产的药品

其生产或出身不同药剂可以分为三类：

1。完全（合成纤维）合成材料，

Ⅱ。天然产物，和

Ⅲ。产品从（半合成产品）的部分合成。

本书的重点是团体的最重要的化合物Ⅰ和Ⅲ一所以药物合成。这并不意味着，但是，天然产品或其他代理人并不太重要。它们可以作为有价值的领导结构，他们常常为原料，或作为重要的合成中间体产品的需要。

Introduction

1、Pharmacy:①药学；②药店。

Pharmacodynamics(药物效应学)

Pharmacology(病理学)

Pharmacokinetic (药物代谢动力学)

Pharmaceutics(药剂学)

2、Plural forms

-a(-ae) : mocosa → mucosae formula → formulae(处方)

-um(-a) : bacterium → bacteria spectum → spectra(光谱)

-us(-i) : fungus → fungi coccus → cocci(球菌)

3、Daily English Words → Specific Profassional Meanings

Word Common Meaning Meaning in this Field

administration management Giving medicines to patients(给药)

complication complex New illness that makes treatment more difficult(并发症)

4、Cell : basic living unit of structures & functions of the body

①general cell structures & components

②general mechanisms for changing nutritions to energy

③deliver end products into their surrounding fluid

④almost all have the ability to reproduce

Notes:

(1) WEBSITES:CDA. FDA. WHO.

一、熟悉下列句子的翻译

1. In addition to the revolution in new classes of drugs, an equally momentous

revolution is taking place in drug delivery. 除药物种类的革命外，药物给药系统也在进行一场同样令人震撼的革命。

2. The body can make about a trillion different antibodies, produced by shuffling

and reshuffling their constituent parts.

通过对构成成分的改组和再改组，机体可以产生约一万亿个不同的抗体。

3. Under current law, all new drugs need proof that they are effective, as well as

safe, before they can be approved for marketing. 现有法律要求，所有的新药都必须具有其有效、安全的证据才能被批准上

市。

4．There is no agreement whether nursing mothers could use Alexan.

哺乳期妇女是否能用爱力生尚无统一意见。

5. The prescription must be signed and dated by the practitioner and include his

address. 处方必须由医生亲笔签名，并注明日期和医生的地址。

6. Cells possess a nucleus which contains genetic information in the form of

DNA.

细胞含有一个细胞核，其中含有以脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）形式表达的基因

信息。

7. A drug that is not covered by patent rights may be available in several