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2013届高三英语语法复习：动词的时态语态
时态和语态是广东高考语法填空中的必考点，每年至少必考1题。究竟考些什么内容？现将考点简述如下：
1. 时态。时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。英语中常用的时态有16种，但高考考试说明中规定要掌握的有十种：
10种时态构成(以do为例) 主要用法
一般现在时do/does 经常性或习惯性动作，客观事实，现在的状
态
一般过去时did 在过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状
态
一般将来时will/shall do 在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态
过去将来时would do 在过去某一时刻看来将要发生的动作或存在
的状态
现在进行时am/is/are doing 表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作
过去进行时was/were doing 表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作
将来进行时will/shall be
doing
表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作
现在完成时have/has done 表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结
果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在
的动作或状态
过去完成时had done 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或
完成的动词，即“过去的过去”
现在完成进行时have/has been
doing
表示一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并有
可能继续下去的动作
注：(1)表示将来还有多种形式，如：“be going to +动词原形”“be to+动词原形”“ be about to+动词原形”等。在飞机、火车等时刻表中规定的事情，或在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来；表示计划好的活动，还常用现在进行时表示。
(2)现在进行时与always，continually，constantly等连用，表示说话人的某种情感，如赞扬，遗憾，讨厌或不满等。如：
He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。(赞扬)
2. 语态。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，不同时态的被动语态的形式由be来体现，如一般过去时的被动语态就是“was/were+过去分词”，一般将来时的被动语态就是“will be +过去分词”。
解题技巧
在广东高考英语语法填空中，一般有一空是考查谓语动词的时态，同时有一空是考查非谓语动词，因此，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词，一是根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是用被动语态，二是根据具体的语境来判断用哪一种时态，进而确定所填动词的形式。
例1：This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention. (2008广东)
分析：因句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语作主语，括号中的result 应当为谓语动词；主语与谓语动词是主动关系，再说短语动词result in本身是不能用于被动语态的，故用主动语态；根据语境，这段话是拔苗助长这个成语故事所说明的道理，“我们必须让事物沿着它们的自然进程发展。太着急帮助一件事物发展，结果往往和我们的意图相反（欲速则不达）。”这是客观真理，应当用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填results。例2：The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which __________ (place) under the Minister’s car. (2005广东)
分析：替代the box的关系代词which在定语从句中作主语，place应当为谓语动词；因主语which (the box)与place (放置)是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因place这个动作发生在was caught这个动作之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been placed。
一、单句填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.The house belongs to my aunt but she
____________ (not live) here any more. (全国I)
2. This machine _______________ (not work). It hasn’t worked for years. (浙江)
3. If their marketing plans succeed, they
________________ (increase) their sales by 20 percent. (全国Ⅱ)
4. Population experts predict that most people _____________(live) in cities in the near future. (上海春)
5. He __________(play) football regularly for many years when he was young. (天津)
6. -- Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?
-- Yes, since she _________(join) the Chinese Society. (宁夏)
7. Teenagers ____________(damage) their health because they play computer games too much. (重庆)
8. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother __________ (talk) on the phone all the time! (湖南)
9. John promised his doctor he _____________ (not smoke), and he has smoked ever since. (北京)
10. By this time tomorrow, I_____________ (lie) on the beach
11. So far this year we ___________ (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (福建)
12. The hotel wasn’t particularly good. But I ____________ (stay) in many worse hotels. (北京)
13. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ____________ (know) each other for years. (辽宁)
14. -- I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
-- I think so. He _____________________ (prepare) for it for months. (江苏)
15. The telephone ________________ (ring), but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. (四川)
16. --Did you go to the show last night?
--Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _______________(invite). (陕西)
17. -- What’s that noise?
-- Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine
_______________ (test). (浙江)
18. I like these English songs and they
___________________ (teach) many times on the radio. (安徽)
19. No decision _______________ (make) about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. (北京)
20. -- Do you have any problems if you ______________(offer) this job?
-- Well, I’m thinking about the salary…. (湖南)
