考研英语长难句分析3资料上课讲义

第五节状语

状语：表时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随等情况的成分可由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语等充当

例1：HespeaksEnglishwell.例2：Iwillmeetyouintheafternoon.

本节课重点讲解考研英语的重难点：非谓语动词短语作状语和with引导的独立主格结构，而非谓语动词短语作状语和with引导的独立主格结构作状语，译法都是将其单独译为一句话。

（一）现在分词短语

现在分词短语可用作状语，表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随等情况。

现在分词的逻辑主语与主句主语一致，表主动关系。

例如，Hedied,leavinghiswifewithfivechildren.

例1：Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfilmentandopportunityforall.（英一2013T3）科学和技术会治愈人类的一切弊病，使所有人都过上充满成就感与可能性的生活。

例2：Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.（英一2014T2）

最杰出的律师能赚到摩天大楼般高的钱，诱使越来越多的学生涌向法学院。

例3：Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.（英一2020T1）

人们认为，“文化之镇”奖可以办成一年一度的盛会，以吸引资金并创造就业机会。

例4：EveryJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.

1 / 1 1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue

agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few

farmers with high yields.

结构分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true…。since引导原因状语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰the high-energy American fashion。在定语从句中，that做主语，makes做谓语，it做形式宾语，不定式短语to combine few farmers with

high yields则是真正的宾语（不定式短语内部to combine是主干，few farmers是宾语，with

high yields是状语），possible做宾语补足语。this指代前句中提到的这种困境。energy pinch译为“能源的匮乏”;in…fashion译为“用…方法、方式”。

译文：这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。

2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter，we must be sure

that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison.

结构分析:句子的主干是we must be sure…。since引导原因状语从句the assessment of

1. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental

fairness ” —protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending

and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.

（英语一，14年阅读T1）

重点词汇：

motivate vt,刺激；使有动机；激发…的积极性

zeal n.热情；热心；热诚

fundamental adj.基本的，根本的

taxpayer n.纳税人

claimant n.原告,索赔人，提出要求者

句子结构分析：

此句子正常顺序为 we were to understand what motivated him was ..........

understand后跟宾语从句，从句的主语是 what motivated him,谓语动 词是was，破折号后起解释作用，进一步解释了 fundamental fairness 的内容，protecting, controlling和ensuring是并列非谓语动词。

参考译文：

我们要明白，激发他的动机是他对“基本公平”的热情-保护纳税人， 控制支出并确保只有最有价值的索赔人才能获得利益。

2. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history ——and

sometimes the way they behave today — embodies outdated and indefensible

privileges and inequalities.（英语一，15 年阅读 T1） 重点词汇：

1 考研英语阅读、翻译长难句结构分析 一、了解句子主要成分: 1. 主语、表语、宾语 (1) What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real. (从句-----1998) 商人们自认为他们领导了一场生产力革命，这场革命是否确有其事，这一点更加难以确定。 (2)The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. (从句-----1998) 问题在于，近年发生的生产力快速增长部分是由于商业周期通常到了这时候就会出现的反弹造成的，因而它不是经济复苏潜在趋势的结论性证据。 (3) Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term. （动名词-----2002） 强劲的经济增长势头，随着北半球冬季的到来，有可能在短期内使石油价格涨得更高。 (4) When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. (不定式-----2000) 当一场新的艺术运动形成某种时尚时，理应弄清其倡导者的目标所在，因为无论他们的准则在今天看来是多么牵强附会、不可思议，将来都有可能被视为正常的。 2. 定语 (1) One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity price inflation and global excess demand. （不定式-----2002） 另外一个不应因油价上升而失眠的原因是，与20世纪70年代不同，这次油价上升不是发生在普遍的物价暴涨及全球需求过旺背景之下。 The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. 解决任何问题，甚至是识别问题存在的能力都取决于记忆。 (2) The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon. com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. （分词----1998） 像Virtual Vineyards 和及其他开拓者的例子表明：一个销售适类商品的网站，如果将互动、热情服务、安全合理结合，肯定会吸引网上用户的。 (3) Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity；switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much. (从句-----1998) 另外，公司的大部分改革是为了赢利，而达到赢利的目的不一定非要提高生产力，转入新的市场或改善产品质量也会有同样的功效。 (4) The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, ven overwhelming. （形容词――1995） 今天，个人可获得的信息比任何时代的人都多，而要找到一条与自己问题相关的信息既复杂又耗时，有时甚至相当困难。 二、把握结构特征 1．根据词汇搭配辨认结构 (1) It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care. (2002) 报告确定了医院临终关怀护理中存在的两个问题：对病痛处理不力和大胆使用“无效而强制性的医疗程序”，这些程序可能会延长死亡期，甚至会让病人临终时痛苦不堪。 (2)In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs. 作为回应，学校也在调整课程安排，使授课能够适应特殊儿童，适应那些不能从常规课程中真正获益的儿童的需要。 (3) I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. (2001) 我已从一个“获得一切”哲学（琳达·凯茜过去七年中在《女性》这本杂志所宣扬的）的狂热支持者，变成了一个乐于接受任何东西只要一丁点的女人。 (4) But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us. (2000) 但是，不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差多远有多么惊讶，他们的样子会同我们差不了多少。 2. 根据语法规则辨认结构 (1) While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline—after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s—and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. 在美国，这种趋势一开始是对经济衰落所做出的一种反应——出现于80年代后期缩小经济规模所引起的大量人员冗余之后——现在这种趋势仍被认为与节俭政治有关联；而在英国，至少在我所认识的愿意简化生活的中产阶级中，却有着不同的缘由去寻求使自己的生活简单化。 (2) Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. (2000) 人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再一次失去。 (3) The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. 这种变革通过聘用大量专业人员来适应新时代的技术要求，并防止了效率的降低，而在过去这种低效率使得许多旧式家族企业在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二、三代手中破产倒闭。 三、插入： 1．This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. (2004) 对于那些还没有意识到存在这种不公平待遇的人，可以这么向他们解释：它指的是歧视那些姓氏字母在字母表中排得靠后的人。 2．Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. (2002) 下面举一个例子，它是我在一个护士大会上听到的。这个故事效果很好，因为听众对医生都有同样的看法。 3．Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. （1994） 许多其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志社、从燃气电器公司到牛奶加工厂都通过计算机的使用给消费者更好、效率更高的服务。 4．“Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. （1996） 所谓“科学的”造物主义理论的基础是宗教而不是科学，但在教学时每当对进化论进行科学论述时，有些人就用它来争得“同等数量的学时”。 5．If its message were confined merely to information—and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve，for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive—advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. （1995）