C S= concentration of USP Azithromycin RS in the Sample solution: Nominally 1mg/mL of azithromycinStandard solution (mg/mL)in Mobile phase from NLT 20 Tablets, finely powdered.C U= nominal concentration of azithromycin in Sonicate and shake as needed to dissolve.Sample solution 1 (mg/mL)Chromatographic systemP= potency of azithromycin in USP Azithromycin(See Chromatography 〈621〉, System Suitability.) RS (µg/mg)Mode: LCF= conversion factor, 0.001mg/µg Detector: UV 210 nmWhere packaged in a multiple-unit container Column: 4.6-mm × 25-cm; 5-µm packing L1Calculate the percentage of the labeled amount of Column temperature: 50°azithromycin (C38H72N2O12) in the portion of Flow rate: 2mL/minAzithromycin for Oral Suspension taken:Injection volume: 100µLSystem suitabilityResult = (r U/r S) × (C S/C U) ×P×F× 100Sample:Standard solutionSuitability requirementsr U= peak response from Sample solution 2Tailing factor: NMT 2.0, Standard solutionr S= peak response from the Standard solution Relative standard deviation: NMT 2.0%, StandardC S= concentration of USP Azithromycin RS in the solutionStandard solution (mg/mL)AnalysisC U= nominal concentration of azithromycin in Samples:Standard solution and Sample solutionSample solution 2 (mg/mL)Calculate the percentage of the labeled amount of P= potency of azithromycin in USP Azithromycin azithromycin (C38H72N2O12) in the portion of Tablets RS (µg/mg)taken:F= conversion factor, 0.001mg/µgAcceptance criteria: 90.0%–110.0%Result = (r U/r S) × (C S/C U) ×P×F× 100PERFORMANCE TESTS rU= peak response of azithromycin from the•D ELIVERABLE V OLUME〈698〉: Meets the requirements Sample solution•U NIFORMITY OF D OSAGE U NITS〈905〉rS= peak response of azithromycin from the For single-unit containers Standard solutionAcceptance criteria: Meets the requirements CS= concentration of USP Azithromycin RS in theStandard solution (mg/mL)SPECIFIC TESTS CU= nominal concentration of azithromycin in the •P H 〈791〉Sample solution (mg/mL) For a solid packaged in single-unit containers:P= potency of USP Azithromycin RS (µg/mg)9.0–11.0, in the suspension constituted as directed in F= conversion factor, 0.001mg/µgthe labeling Acceptance criteria: 90.0%–110.0%For a solid packaged in multiple-unit containers:8.5–11.0, in the suspension constituted as directed in PERFORMANCE TESTSthe labeling•D ISSOLUTION〈711〉Medium: pH 6.0phosphate buffer; 900mL ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS Apparatus 2: 75 rpm•P ACKAGING AND S TORAGE: Preserve in tight containers.Time: 30 min•USP R EFERENCE S TANDARDS〈11〉Solution A: 4.4mg/mL of dibasic potassium phosphate USP Azaerythromycin A RS and 0.5mg/mL of sodium 1-octanesulfonate, adjusted 9-Deoxo-9a-aza-9a-homoerythromycin A;with phosphoric acid to a pH of 8.20 ± 0.056-Demethylazithromycin.Mobile phase: Acetonitrile, methanol, and Solution A C37H70N2O12734.96(9:3:8)USP Azithromycin RS Diluent: 17.5mg/mL of dibasic potassium phosphate.Adjust with phosphoric acid to a pH of 8.00 ± 0.05.Prepare a mixture of this solution and acetonitrile(80:20).Standard stock solution: Dissolve USP Azithromycin RS Azithromycin Tablets in Medium to obtain a solution having a known concen-tration of about (L/1000) mg/mL, where L is the Tablet DEFINITION label claim in mg.Azithromycin Tablets contain NLT 90.0% and NMT 110.0%Standard solution: Dilute the Standard stock solutionof the labeled amount of azithromycin (C38H72N2O12).with Diluent to obtain a solution having a known con-centration of about (L/2000) mg/mL, where L is the IDENTIFICATION Tablet label claim in mg.•A. The retention time of the major peak of the Sample Sample solution: Pass a portion of the solution under solution corresponds to that of the Standard solution, as test through a suitable filter of 0.45-µm pore size. Di-obtained in the Assay.lute a portion of the filtrate with Diluent to obtain asolution having a theoretical concentration of about ASSAY(L/2000) mg/mL, where L is the Tablet label claim in•P ROCEDURE mg, assuming complete dissolution.Buffer: Dissolve 4.6g of monobasic potassium phos-Chromatographic systemphate anhydrous in 900mL of water. Adjust with 1N(See Chromatography 〈621〉, System Suitability.)sodium hydroxide to a pH of 7.5, and dilute with waterto 1L.Mobile phase: Acetonitrile and Buffer (65:35)Standard solution: 1mg/mL of USP Azithromycin RS inMobile phase. Sonicate and shake as needed to dissolve.Mode: LC Standard stock solution: 0.4mg/mL of USP Azithro-Detector: UV 210 nm mycin RS in acetonitrile. Sonicate and shake as needed Column: 4.6-mm × 15-cm; 5-µm packing L1to dissolve.Column temperature: 50°Standard solution: 0.02mg/mL of azithromycin from Flow rate: 1.5mL/min Standard stock solution in Diluent AInjection volume: 50µL Sensitivity solution: 0.004mg/mL of azithromycin System suitability from Standard solution in Diluent ASample:Standard solution Sample stock solution: Nominally 14.3mg/mL of Suitability requirements azithromycin prepared as follows. Weigh and finely Tailing factor: NMT 2.0powder NLT 20 Tablets. Transfer nominally 1430mg of Relative standard deviation: NMT 2.0%azithromycin to a 100-mL volumetric flask. Add 75mL Analysis of acetonitrile, and sonicate for NLT 15 min. Shake by Samples:Standard solution and Sample solution mechanical means for NLT 15 min. Allow the solution Calculate the percentage of the labeled amount of to equilibrate to room temperature, dilute with acetoni-azithromycin (C38H72N2O12) dissolved:trile to volume, and mix.Sample solution: Nominally 4mg/mL of azithromycin Result = (r U/r S) × (C S/L) ×V× 100prepared as follows. Centrifuge an aliquot of the Samplestock solution for NLT 15 min. Transfer 7.0mL of the r U= peak response of azithromycin from the supernatant to a 25-mL volumetric flask, and dilute Sample solution with Diluent B to volume.r S= peak response of azithromycin from the Blank:Diluent AStandard solution Chromatographic systemC S= concentration of the Standard solution(See Chromatography 〈621〉, System Suitability.)(mg/mL)Mode: LCL= label claim (mg/Tablet)Detector: UV 210 nmV= volume of Medium, 900mL Column: 4.6-mm × 15-cm; 3.5-µm packing L1 Tolerances: NLT 80% (Q) of the labeled amount of Column temperature: 50°azithromycin (C38H72N2O12) is dissolved.Flow rate: 1.2mL/min•U NIFORMITY OF D OSAGE U NITS〈905〉: Meet the Autosampler temperature: 4°requirements Injection volume: 100µLSystem suitabilityIMPURITIES Samples:System suitability solution, Standard solution,•O RGANIC I MPURITIES and Sensitivity solutionProtect all solutions containing azithromycin from light.Suitability requirementsRefrigerate the Standard solution and the Sample solution Signal-to-noise ratio: NLT 10, Sensitivity solution after preparation and during analysis, using a refriger-Resolution: NLT 1.0 between desosaminylazithromy-ated autosampler set at 4°. The solutions must be ana-cin and azithromycin related compound F, System lyzed within 24 h of preparation.suitability solutionSolution A: Water and ammonium hydroxide Relative standard deviation: NMT 2.0%, Standard (2000:1.2). The pH of this solution is about 10.5.solutionSolution B: Acetonitrile, methanol, and ammonium hy-Analysisdroxide (1800:200:1.2)Samples:Sample solution and BlankMobile phase: See Table 1.Calculate the percentage of each impurity in the por-tion of Tablets taken:Table 1Result = (r U/r S) × (C S/C U) ×P×F1× (1/F2) × 100 Time Solution A Solution B(min)(%)(%)rU= peak response of each impurity from the 05446Sample solution205446r S= peak response of azithromycin from theStandard solution351090C S= concentration of USP Azithromycin RS in the35.15446Standard solution (mg/mL) 405446CU= nominal concentration of azithromycin in theSample solution (mg/mL) Buffer: 1.7g/L of monobasic ammonium phosphate inP= potency of USP Azithromycin RS (µg/mg) water. Adjust with ammonium hydroxide to a pH of 10.F1= conversion factor, 0.001mg/µg Diluent A: Methanol, acetonitrile, and BufferF2= relative response factor (see Table 2) (350:300:350)Acceptance criteria: See Table 2. The reporting level Diluent B: Methanol and Buffer (1:1)for impurities is 0.1%. Disregard any peaks in the Sam-System suitability stock solution: 0.1mg/mL each ofple solution that correspond to peaks in the Blank.USP Desosaminylazithromycin RS and USP AzithromycinRelated Compound F RS in acetonitrileSystem suitability solution: 0.028mg/mL each of USPDesosaminylazithromycin RS and USP Azithromycin Re-lated Compound F RS from System suitability stock solu-tion in Diluent ATable 2Table 2 (Continued)Relative Relative Acceptance Relative Relative AcceptanceRetention Response Criteria,Retention Response Criteria, Name Time Factor NMT (%)Name Time Factor NMT (%) Azithromycin N-ox-3-Deoxyazithro-ide a0.200.42 1.0mycin (azithro-——mycin B)h,l 1.143′-(N,N-Didemeth-yl)-3′-N-for-Any individual un-—mylazithromycin b0.29 1.7 1.0specified impurity h 1.00.23′-(N,N-Didemeth-Total impurities h—— 5.0yl)azithro-a(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10, mycin(ami-12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylazinoyl)-β-D-xylo-hex-noazithromycin)c0.340.490.5opyranosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one.Azithromycin related b(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-compound F d0.42 4.3 1.0methyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3-formamido-3,4,6-trideoxy-β-D-xylo-hexopyra-Desosaminylazithro-nosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one.mycin e0.46 1.10.5c(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-N-Demethylazithro-methyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3-amino-3,4,6-trideoxy-β-D-xylo-hexopyra-mycin f0.500.540.7nosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one.3′-De(dimethylami-d3′-(N-Demethyl)-3′-N-formylazithromycin; (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S, no)-3′-oxoazithro-13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyra-mycin g0.87 1.4 1.0nosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3-(N-methyl)formamido-3,4,6-trideoxy-β-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-Azaerythromycin A h,i0.94——azacyclopentadecan-15-one.Azithromycin 1.0——e(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-2-Ethyl-3,4,10,13-tetrahydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-dimethylamino-β-D-xylo-2-Desethyl-2-prop-——hexopyranosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one. ylazithromycin h,j 1.10f(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-3′-N-Demethyl-3′-N-methyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,[(4-methylphen-12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-methylamino-β-D-xylo-hexopyra-——nosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one.yl)sulfonyl]azithro-g(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3,3-dimethyl-α-mycin h,k 1.11L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-a(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-heptamethyl-11-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-oxo-β-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-methyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one.12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylazinoyl)-β-D-xylo-hex-h Process impurities that are controlled in the drug substance are not to be opyranosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one.reported. They are listed here for information only. The unspecified impu-b(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-rities and total impurities limits do not include these impurities.methyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,i9-Deoxo-9a-aza-9a-homoerythromycin A.12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3-formamido-3,4,6-trideoxy-β-D-xylo-hexopyra-j(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-nosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one.methyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-propyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10, c(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-β-D-xylo-hex-methyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,opyranosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one dihydrate.12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3-amino-3,4,6-trideoxy-β-D-xylo-hexopyra-k(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-nosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one.methyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10, d3′-(N-Demethyl)-3′-N-formylazithromycin; (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3-[N-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-N-methylamino]-3, 13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyra-4,6-trideoxy-β-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-nosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3-one.(N-methyl)formamido-3,4,6-trideoxy-β-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-l(2R,3R,4S,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-azacyclopentadecan-15-one.methyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-4,10-dihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12, e(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-2-Ethyl-3,4,10,13-tetrahydroxy-3,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-β-D-xylo-hexopyra-5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-dimethylamino-β-D-xylo-nosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one.hexopyranosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one.f(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTSmethyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,•PACKAGING AND S TORAGE: Preserve in tight containers. 12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-methylamino-β-D-xylo-hexopyra-nosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one.Store at controlled room temperature.g(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3,3-dimethyl-α-•USP R EFERENCE S TANDARDS〈11〉L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-USP Azithromycin RSheptamethyl-11-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-oxo-β-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-USP Azithromycin Related Compound F RS6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one.3′-(N-Demethyl)-3′-N-formylazithromycin;h Process impurities that are controlled in the drug substance are not to be(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-Dide-reported. They are listed here for information only. The unspecified impu-rities and total impurities limits do not include these impurities.oxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyra-i9-Deoxo-9a-aza-9a-homoerythromycin A.nosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,j(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-14-heptamethyl-11-[[3-(N-methyl)formamido-3,4, methyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-propyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,6-trideoxy-β-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-aza-12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-β-D-xylo-hex-cyclopentadecan-15-one.opyranosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one dihydrate.C38H70N2O13762.97k(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10, USP Desosaminylazithromycin RS12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3-[N-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-N-methylamino]-3,(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-2-Ethyl-3,4,4,6-trideoxy-β-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-10,13-tetrahydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-11 one.-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-dimethylamino-β-D-xylo-hexopyra-l(2R,3R,4S,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-nosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one. methyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-4,10-dihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-β-D-xylo-hexopyra-C30H58N2O9590.79nosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one.Suitability requirementsResolution: NLT 2.0 between aztreonam and aztre-Aztreonamonam E -isomer, System suitability solutionTailing factor: NMT 2 for aztreonam, System suitabil-ity solutionRelative standard deviation: NMT 2.0%, Standard solution AnalysisSamples: Standard solution and Sample solutionCalculate the percentage of aztreonam (C 13H 17N 5O 8S 2)in the portion of Aztreonam taken:Result = (r U /r S ) × (C S /C U ) × P × F × 100C 13H 17N 5O 8S 2435.43r U = peak response from the Sample solution Propanoic acid, 2-[[[1-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-[(2-methyl-r S = peak response from the Standard solution 4-oxo-1-sulfo-3-azetidinyl)amino]-2-oxoethylidene]ami-C S= concentration of USP Aztreonam RS in theno]oxy]-2-methyl-, [2S -[2α,3β(Z )]]-;Standard solution (mg/mL)(Z )-2-[[[(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)[[(2S ,3S )-2-methyl-4-oxo-C U = concentration of Aztreonam in the Sample1-sulfo-3-azetidinyl]carbamoyl]methylene]amino]oxy]-solution (mg/mL)2-methylpropionic acid [78110-38-0].P = potency of USP Aztreonam RS (µg/mg)F = unit conversion factor, 0.001mg/µgDEFINITIONAcceptance criteria: 92.0%–105.0% on the anhydrous Aztreonam, which may be anhydrous or hydrated, contains and solvent-free basisNLT 92.0% and NMT 105.0% of C 13H 17N 5O 8S 2, calculated on the anhydrous and solvent-free basis.IMPURITIESInorganic ImpuritiesIDENTIFICATION•R ESIDUE ON I GNITION 〈281〉: NMT 0.1%, the charred resi-•I NFRARED A BSORPTION 〈197K 〉: If a difference appears in due being moistened with 2mL of nitric acid and the IR spectra of the analyte and the standard, dissolve 5drops of sulfuric acidequal portions of the test specimen and the reference standard in equal volumes of methanol. [N OTE —To achieve a complete dissolution, it is suggested to use Delete the following:about 25mL of methanol for each 50mg of material,and stir the mixture for 40 min at room temperature.]••H EAVY M ETALS , Method II 〈231〉: NMT 30ppm •(Official 1-Evaporate the solutions to dryness under vacuum, and Jan-2018)dry at 40° for 4 h under vacuum. Perform the test on Organic Impurities the residues.•P ROCEDURE[N OTE —Store the System suitability solution , Standard so-ASSAYlution , and Sample solution at 5°, and protect from light •P ROCEDUREto prevent isomerization of aztreonam Z -isomer to az-[N OTE —Store the System suitability solution , Standard so-treonam E -isomer.]lution , and Sample solution at 5°, and protect from light Mobile phase, System suitability solution, Standard to prevent isomerization of aztreonam Z -isomer to az-solution, Sample solution, Chromatographic system,treonam E -isomer.]and System suitability: Proceed as directed in the Buffer: 6.8mg/mL of monobasic potassium phosphate Assay .in water. Adjust with 1M phosphoric acid to a pH of Analysis3.0.Samples: Standard solution and Sample solutionMobile phase: Methanol and Buffer (1:4)Calculate the percentage of each impurity in the por-System suitability solution: 1mg/mL of USP Aztre-tion of Aztreonam taken:onam RS and 1mg/mL of USP Aztreonam E -Isomer RS in Mobile phaseResult = (r U /r S ) × (C S /C U ) × P × F × 100Standard solution: 1mg/mL of USP Aztreonam RS in Mobile phaser U= peak response of each impurity from theSample solution: 1mg/mL of Aztreonam in Mobile Sample solutionphaser S = peak response of aztreonam from the StandardChromatographic systemsolution(See Chromatography 〈621〉, System Suitability .)C S = concentration of USP Aztreonam RS in theMode: LCStandard solution (mg/mL)Detector: UV 254 nmC U = concentration of Aztreonam in the SampleColumn: 3.9-mm × 30-cm; 10-µm packing L1solution (mg/mL)Flow rate: 1.5mL/min P = potency of USP Aztreonam RS (µg/mg)Injection size: 10µL F = unit conversion factor, 0.001mg/µg System suitabilityAcceptance criteriaSamples: System suitability solution and Standard Individual impurities: See Table 1.solution[N OTE —The relative retention times for aztreonam and aztreonam E -isomer are 1.0 and 1.8, respectively.]。
Kaba 完整的出入口解决方案KabaAug2010Kaba Group• A global player in the worldwide security industry•一个在安防行业全球经营的集团•145 years of experiences in security technology (founded on 1862)•在安防行业的技术拥有超过145年的历史和经验•Internationally active and listed in the Stock Exchange of Zurich, Switzerland Internationally active and listed in the Stock Exchange of Zurich Switzerland•瑞士苏黎世上市的国际性公司•Around9,000 employee in more than 60 countries•大约9000名员工遍布全球60多个国家•Technology leadership with more than 300 patents•拥有超过300项的技术专利成为安防技术的领航者•World leading providers of 是世界领先的产品供应商，包括-Mechanical and Electromechanical Locks机械和机电一体锁Door Systems Safelocks ATM Locks Hotel Locks酒店-Door Systems, Safelocks, ATM Locks, Hotel Locks安全门系统、ATM机专用锁、酒店锁等-Access and Time Management Systems门禁和考勤管理系统-Key Blank and Key Cutting Machine钥匙系统Strategic Product Groups (SPGs)战略产品组合月台屏蔽门(PSD)门系统自动门(AD)安全门(SD)机械锁+ 机电一体锁(M+M)门Access +DataS t 禁管理(AM)劳动力管理(WFM)Systems 酒店锁(LP)保险柜锁Key +Ident (SL)钥匙系统(KS)IdentSystems身份识别系统(ID)Strategic Product Groups (SPGs)战略产品组合Platform Screen Doors(PSD)DoorSystems Automatic Doors(AD)Security Doors(SD)Mechanical +Mechatronics (M+M)A M tAccess +DataS t Access Management (AM)Workforce Management (WFM)Systems Lodging Products(LP)Safe LocksKey +Ident (SL)Key + Key Cutting Systems (KS)IdentSystemsIdent Systems (ID)Kaba One-Key-Solution Using elolegicKaba 基于elolegic技术的一匙通解决方案One Key Solution System concept一匙通解决方案概念Single Media Access System单个媒体介质出入口管理系统• 1 Smart Key/Card for access in common areas 智能钥匙/卡片访问公共区域1Smart Key/Card for access in common areas•Side Gate / Lift Lobby / Lift Car边门、电梯厅、电梯轿厢•Same Key/Card to access Main door使用与公共区域相同的钥匙进入主入口•For all 3 level of main door leading to units进入住户单元所有的3个层次的大门•Standalone system -Digital Cylinder 独立的系统--数码锁芯St d l t Di it l C li dy同样的智能钥匙用于开启房间内门•Same smart key for Internal doors•Bedrooms / Study rooms / individual staircase lobby.卧室、书房、楼梯间ONE KEY SOLUTIONSONE KEY SOLUTIONSElolegic System (Standalone electronic) 独立的出入口管理系统•Elolegic Digital Cylinder 电子数码锁芯•Easy to integrate with any mechanical lock方便地融入任何机械锁•Able to match any Designer Lever and pull handleMechanical System Compatibility 与机械锁的兼容性Kaba elolegicLockcaseSwiss ProfileKaba elolegic digital cylinder数码锁芯Elolegic CylinderElolegic 锁芯Euro ProfileE-module mountedbelow lockcase in Meet Architect’s requirement for freedomin Lever or Pull Handle design selection.可自由地根据设计师的设计要求below lockcase indoor Conventional Mechanical Cylinder 常规机械锁芯,选择满足要求的水平把手或拉手Elolegic System : Family Portfolio Elolegic 系统组合CabinetLockOne Key Solution –Case Study 一匙通解决方案----个案研究Mixed developments project 综合性项目•Consist of :-项目组成•Service apartments (residential) 酒店式公寓（住宅）•Offices 办公楼•Retail shop 商业•Scope of supply :-使用产品•Architecture hardware for all areas•全部区域建筑五金The Central @ Soho Singapore•Online electronic access control for common areas •在线式门禁系统在公共通道•Elolegic digital cylinders (T line) for service apartments, offices•Elolegic 数码锁芯（Tline 系列）用于酒店式公寓和办公楼•Elolegic digital cylinders (T line) :-数码锁芯的数量l •Total 468 nos 全部468套•Timber door = 351 nos 其中，木门351套•Glass door = 117 nos 玻璃门117套一匙通解决方案在The Central @ Soho 中的应用Legic MediumSingle media solution 单个媒体解决方案–C e n t r a l @ S o h oc e s s c o n t r o l c o n c e p t M h i SElectronic Access c 总钥匙管理系统Mechanical System机械钥匙系统+Mechatronic System 独立的Elolegic 机电一体数码锁芯系统Control (Online)在线式电子门禁管理系统+3一匙通解决方案在The Central @ Soho 中的应用Common areas 公共区域Private areas 私人区域–Central@Soho Room 1cesscontrolconcept Room 2Main entrance主入口One key fort urOnekeyacAccess to g ym or otherf acilities健身房及其它特定场所Card readers at l l iftaccess to yourentrance needs只要一把钥匙就能通往您的目的地4Card readers at l obby, l ift,or s ide or restrictedentrances安装于大厅、电梯厅或者指定的通道Room 3Other possible mediums其他可以使用的媒介Letterbox信箱Tag CoinChiWatchCard ChipOnline electronic access control systemfor common area for the Central在线式电子门禁系统管理公共区域Elolegic locking system for main entranceof each apartmentFor lift access controlAccess manager (AMC -2E/4E)5For door access controlAccess Access manager (AMC-16)manager (AMC)For EM lock / door monitoring contactCommon area access control for the Central公共区域的出入管理Main Entrance主入口Lift Control 电梯控制Car park / gym 停车场/健身房6Standard(Optional Design from other designer switches supplier)Architect’s freedom to design cover for Registration Unit (Reader)可根据不同的设计风格设计不同的读卡器面板Apartment main entrance using Elolegic digital cylinder单元入口门使用Elolegic 数码锁芯Kaba elolegic digital cylinder(Stainless steel plated fVisual signalization (red for block / green for access)视觉信号（红灯阻止，绿灯放行）surfaces 拉丝不锈钢表面整饰RFID Legic antenna Legic 射频卡技术Anti-drill protection 防钻保护To Open / Close from outside 门外开/关1.Flash the key at the antenna (black knob) 用钥匙刷读卡器2.Turn the knob after green light has flashed to signal authorized绿灯闪烁，即可旋转旋钮进入To Open / Close from inside 1.Use the thumbturn knob at all times在任何时候使用门内旋钮开门Apartment bedroom doors using mechanical key卧室门使用机械钥匙系统Master l u t i o nOwnerUser 1bedroomBedroom 1Smart key 智能钥匙e a a c c e s s c o n t r o l s o Back door Letter box PadlockUser 2Bedroom 2P r i v a t e a r User 3Bedroom 38User can : 用户可以：•Use the same smart key to open the bedroom door mechanically y使用同一把智能机械钥匙开启卧室的门AND 并且•To configure a masterkey system for each apartment可以在每一套公寓设置总钥匙管理系统Apartment back door using mechanical key 房间后门使用机械钥匙系统Owner Master bedroomUser 1Bedroom 1Smart key 智能钥匙Back doorLetter boxPadlockUser 2Bedroom 2User 3Bedroom 3U用户以User can : 用户可以：•Use the same smart key to open the back door mechanically 使用同一把智能机械钥匙开启房间后门AND 并且•To configure a masterkey system for each apartment可以在每一套公寓设置总钥匙管理系统Apartment letter box using mechanical key公寓信箱使用机械钥匙系统Master Back door OwnerUser 1bedroomBedroom 1Smart keyBack door Letter box PadlockUser 2Bedroom 2User 3Bedroom 3User can :•Use the same smart key to open the mail box mechanically使用同一把智能机械钥匙开启信箱AND 并且•To configure a masterkey system for each apartment可以在每一套公寓设置总钥匙管理系统Loss of key 钥匙丢失Common areas 公共区域R1Private areas私人区域Room 1Access to g ym or Room 2Main entrance Building managementcancel access right ofKey directly onlineCard readers at lobby, lift,or side or restrictedother facilities访问健身房或其它设施大厦管理方直接在线取消丢失钥匙的访问权利Immediate barring entryinto building area立即禁止进入楼宇区域or side or restrictedentrances在大堂、电梯或侧面或受限制的出入口读卡器Room 3Tenant/owner cancelkey access right atLetterboxkey access right atapartment entrance lock租客/房主取消丢失的密钥访问公寓大门锁Fully control by unittenant/owner完全由租客或房主控制Benefits of one key access control solution一匙通的优势Common identification for all areas 所有区域都可以通过同一把钥匙进行身份认证Fully integrate solution with Kaba ironmongery可以完全与Kaba建筑五金产品集成组成各种不同的出入口解决方案K bSwiss quality product 瑞士原产品质保证Legic security chip : 13.56MHz, ISO compliance Legic技术高保安芯片，13.56MHz，ISO 认证Easy to manage : only 1 media (card or key) 方便管理：只要1中媒介（卡片或钥匙）Customization and flexible 灵活的客户化订制High security patented system for key system 拥有专利的高保安钥匙系统Upgradeable 系统便于升级Low total cost of ownership 投资方总体成本降低•One time investment 一次性投资One time investment•Low maintenance cost 维护成本低•Only 1 CR2 battery at the digital cylinder 数码锁芯中只需1颗钮扣电池•No battery at the key or card 钥匙和卡片中不需要电池•Possible to self maintain by customer 客户可以自己进行维护Merlion Award 2003 for the newKaba innovation in SingaporeKaba innovation in SingaporeOne key access control solution job references部分一匙通工程业绩•High End Residential-1service apartment block of 210Orchard Scotts•264 high end residential–264 front sliding door -264 back swing door 1 service apartment block of 210 units- 2 residential blocks of total 180 units-Lift control for all 3 blocks, gym,t l bh tOceanfront @ Sentosa 乌节史格士g264套高端住宅gates, clubhouse etc •Mixed Developments Project 中萃城圣淘沙海滨公寓p j-610 Residential Units-Shopping Mall -Bus InterchangeThe Centris 中萃城•768 unit ofuniversity hostel•Mixed developments project-351 service apartments -117 offices & retail shopThe Central @ SohoNTU hostel 南洋理工大学公寓Job references in Singapore新加坡工程案例Project: The Central –SOHODetail: Mixed Developments Project综合性项目Detail:Mixed Developments Project•Consist of: -由以下部分组成•Service Apt (Residential)酒店式公寓•Offices办公楼•Retail Shopfronts零售专卖店Architects: DPA设计公司：DPAProducts:产品应用•Elolegic (T-Line) digital cylinders T-Line 数码锁芯•Electronic Access Control system门禁系统•Architectural hardware建筑五金Job references in Singapore新加坡工程案例Project: The Centris中荟城Detail: Mixed Developments Project综合性项目•Consist of:-Consist of: 由以下部分组成•610 residential units610套住所•Shopping mall购物中心g中转站•Bus interchange巴士中Products:使用的产品•Elolegic (T-Line) digital cylinders Elolegic•数码锁芯•T-Line 数码锁芯Job references in Singapore新加坡工程案例Project: Orchard Scotts 乌节史格士D t il Hi h d id ti lDetail: High-end residential 高端住宅项目•Consist of: -由以下部分组成•service apartment block (210 units)服务公寓大楼(210个单位)•residential block (180 units)住宅区(180单位)Products:产品•SAFLOK hotel lock for service apartment酒店式公寓使用Saflok 酒店锁•Elolegic digital cylinder for residential unit Elolegic Elolegic digital cylinder for residential unit 住宅单元使用Elolegic 数码锁芯•EXOS 9300 system for access control门禁管理系统•Access control -Lift control for all 3 blocks, all common area includes gym, gates, clubhouse etc全部3栋楼使用电梯控制，包括所有公共区域：健身房、单元大门和会所等•One card access for residents 住宅部分使用一匙通管理系One card access for residents 住宅部分使用匙通管理系统Kaba E-Flash Electronics Locks Kaba E-Flash Electronics LocksKaba E-Flash 680系列电子密码锁E-Flash Electronic Door Lock(New Generation of EF660)新一代电子密码锁EF 680系列Kaba E-Flash series electronic locks are the most convenientfor your home and rental properties. Combining powerfulsecurity with intuitive use and stylish modern design the E-Flash series is the ideal choice for personal access control.Kaba E Flash系列电子密码锁在居家和出租公寓中使用方便,Kaba E-Flash住宅使用具有强大的安全保障，时尚新颖的设计是私人访问管理的最理想的选择。
超链接：1)2003年NECC初赛试题2)2004年NECC初赛试题3)2005年NECC初赛试题4)2006年NECC初赛试题5)2007年NECC初赛试题6)2008年NECC初赛样题7)2008年NECC初赛试题8)2009年NECC初赛试题9)2010年NECC初赛试题2003年NECC初赛试题2003 National English Contest for College Students（Preliminary）Part I Listening Comprehension（30 minutes，30 points）Section A Dialogues（10 points）Directions：In this section ，you will hear 10 short dialogues．At the end of each dialogue，a question will be asked about what was said．Both the dialogue and the question will be read only once．After each question there will be a pause．during the pause，you must read the four choices marked A，B，C and D，and decide which is the best answer．Then m ark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center．1．A．A sales clerk．B．A police officer．C．A tailor．D．A nurse．2．A．By train．B．She walks．C．By car．D．By bus．3．A．Fish is the only dish left．B．Chicken is the only dish left．C．Vegetarian meals are not offered．D．There aren't any vegetarian meals left．4．A．He starts work next weekend．B．He'll be away．C．He'll be in the mountains．D．He's moving to Florida．5．A．In an elevator．B．At a dress store．C．On the seventh floor．D．At a department store．6．A．They felt it was disorganized．B．They were pleased with its Asian content．C．They felt it lacked Asian content．D．They felt it ignored recent events．7．A．He doesn't have enough time．B．He doesn't have a watch．C．The library doesn't have the articles he wants．D．He can't find the library．8．A．He wants the woman to dine out with them．B．He wants to work tomorrow．C．He wants the woman to finish dinner first．D．He wants to pay for the dinner．9．A．Twice a day．B．Twice a week．C．Once a week．D．Daily．10．A．At two o'clock．B．At four o'clock．C．At three thirty．D．At eight o'clock．Section B News Items（10 points）Directions：In this section，you will hear 10 pieces of short news from BBC or VOA．There will be a question following each piece of news．Write down the answer to each question in no more than 15words．11．_______________________________________12．_______________________________________13．_______________________________________14．_______________________________________15．_______________________________________16．_______________________________________17．_______________________________________18．_______________________________________19．_______________________________________20．_______________________________________Section C Compound Dictation（10 points）Directions：In this section，you will hear a passage three times．When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea．Then listen to the passage again．When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 21 to 28 with the exact words you have just heard．For blanks numbered from 29 to 30，you are required to fill in the missing information．You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words．Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written and rewrite the correct answers on the Answer Sheet．Although general Motors and General Electric are large multinational companies with operations around the globe，there are numerous smaller companies that engage in international trade．Because 95percent of the world's population and two-thirds of its (21)_____ power are located outside the United States，it is important for American (22)_____to be present in foreign markets．However，before we explain the different methods by which a company may (23)_____in international trade，we might first consider some important (24)_____that U.S．companies often fail to study before they sell products in a foreign country．These factors are (25)_____with differences in language，in values and attitudes，and in political (26)_____．When (27)_____Coca-Cola into the Chinese market in 1920，the company used a group of Chinese symbols that，when spoken，sounded like Coca-Cola．However，when read，these symbols meant，“a female horse fattened with wax”．Upon reentering the Chinese market in the 1970s，Coca-Cola used a series of Chinese (28)_____that translates into“happiness in the mouth”．(29)_________________________．Culture is the total pattern of human behavior that is practiced by a particular group of people．(30)_________________________．Part II V ocabulary and Structure（15 minutes，30 points）Section A Multiple Choice（20 points）Directions：Questions 31-50 constitute a complete passage．There are 20blanks in the passage．For each blank there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the one that best completes the sentence．Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre．31．Senior Metropolitan police officers tried to dismiss the Noting Hill race riots which raged for five nights over the August bank holiday in 1958 as the work of“ruffians ，both colored and white”hell-bent on hooliganism ，according to _____ official files．A．recent revealed B．newly releasedC．previous disclosing D．earlier exposing32．But police eyewitness reports in the secret papers_____ that they were overwhelmingly the work of a white working class mob out to get the“niggers”．A．contain B．convinceC．consist D．confirm33．The ferocity of the Noting Hill“racial riots”，as the press called them at the time，shocked Britain into_____ for the first time that it was not above the kind of racial conflict then being played out in the American deep south．A．realizing B．witnessingC．watching D．identifying34．The carnival，which will_____ the streets of west London _____more than 1.5 million people this weekend，was started in 1959 as a direct response to the riots．A．crowd；of B．pour；forC．fill；with D．emerge；in35．While senior officers tried to play down the racial aspects of the riots，the internal Metropolitan police files released this month at the public record office confirm that the disturbances were overwhelmingly _____ by 300 to 400 strong“Keep Britain White”mobs ，many of them Teddy boys armed with iron bars ，butcher's knives and weighted leather belts，who went“nigger-hunting”among the West Indian residents of Noting Hill and Noting Dale．A．erupted B．commencedC．triggered D．inaugurated36．The first night left five black men _____ on the pavements of Noting Hill．A．lying unconscious B．there diedC．feel faint D．serious hurt37．The battles raged over the bank holiday weekend as the black _____responded in kind with counterattacks by large groups of“men of color”similarly armed．A．column B．armyC．brigade D．community38．Thomas Williams was stopped by the police as he came out of Bluey's Club on Talbot Road，Noting Hill．He _____a piece of iron down his left trouser leg，a petrol bomb in his right pocket and a razor blade in his inside breast pocket：“I have to protect myself，”he told the arresting officer．A．found to have B．was found to haveC．found having D．was found having39．The _____ files，which were sealed under the 75-year rule but have been released early，show that senior officers tried to convince the then home secretary，“Rab”Butler，that there was not a racial element to the rioting．A．forbidden B．confidentialC．incredible D．strict40．In his official report，Detective Sergeant M.Walters of the Notting Hill police said the national press had been wrong to portray the“widespread series of street disturbances”as“racial”riots：“Whereas there certainly was some _____ feeling between white and colored residents in this area，it is abundantly clear much of the trouble was caused by ruffians，both colored and white，who seized on this opportunity to indulge in hooliganism ．”A．ill B．sickC．painful D．hurt41．But the police witness statements and private statistics _____ ．A．told differently B．interpreted in a different wayC．existed m any differences D．told a different story42．The Met com missioner was told that _____ the 108people who were charged with offences ranging from grievous bodily harm to affray and riot and possessing offensive weapons，72 were white and 36 were “colored”．A．for B．fromC．of D．in43．It is popularly believed that the riot began on the night of Saturday，August 20，when a 400-strong crowd of white men，_____“Teds”，attacked houses occupied by West Indians．A．they are all B．many of themC．some were D．most of them belong to44．Among the _____ was Majbritt Morrison ，a young white Swedish bride of a Jamaican．A．offenders B．riotersC．victims D．residents45．She was pelted with stones，glass and wood，and _____ in the back with an iron bar as she tried to get home．A．bruised B．struckC．patted D．scratched46．The internal police witness statements provide graphic evidence of the motives of the mobs—at one point crowds several thousand strong roamed the streets of Notting Hill，_____ homes and attacking any West Indian they could find．A．plunging into B．breaking intoC．seeking for D．searching for47．PC Richard Bedford said he had seen a mob of 300 to 400 white people in Bramley Road _____：“We will kill all black bastards．Why don't you send them home？”A．shouting B．to cryC．utter D．announced48．PC Ian McQueen on the same night said he was told：“Mind your own _____，cops．Keep out of it．We will settle these niggers our way．We'll murder the bastards．”A．matters B．affairC．things D．business49．The disturbances continued night after night until they finally petered out on September 5．At the Old Bailey Judge Salmon later handed down exemplary _____ of four years each on nine white youths who had gone“nigger hunting”．A．decisions B．statementsC．trials D．sentences50．While those dealt with by the courts were overwhelmingly white ，the large number of black people also arrested and the official _____ there had not been a racial motive ensured a legacy of black mistrust of the Metropolitan police that has never really been eradicated．A．persistence B．perseveranceC．insistence D．instanceSection B Error Correction（10points）Directions：The following passage contains 9 errors．In each case only one word is involved．You should proofread the passage on the Answer Sheet and correct it in the following way：EXAMPLEOne night，quite late，I was still awake in the room I am shared with 1. ammy husband．I was lying on my right side and can hear a child crying． 2. couldGetting up，I went ∧see if our son was all right． 3. toHe was sleeping soundly，breathing deeply and gently． 4. √The ZipperWhatever did we do before the invention of the zipper？In 1893 the world's first zipper was produced in Chicago．Although the inventor claimed that it was a reliable fasteningfor clothing，this was not the case．The Chicago zipper sprang 51．______open without warning，or jammed shut，and it swiftly lostpopularity．Twenty years ago a Swedish-born engineer called 52．______Sundback solved the problem．He attached tiny cups to thebacks of the interlocked teeth，and this meant that the teeth 53．______could be enmeshed more firmly and reliably．At first zippers were made of metal．They were heavy，andif they got stuck it was difficult to free．Then came nylon 54．______zippers which were lighter and easier to use，and had smallerteeth．The fashion industry liked the new zippers far betterbecause they didn’t distort the line of the garment or weighing 55．______down light fabrics．They were also easier for the machiniststo fit into the garment．Meanwhile a new fastening agent made its appearance atthe end of the twenty century: velcro. Velcro is another product 56．______made from nylon．Nylon is a very tough synthetic fibre firstdeveloped in the 1930s，and bearing a name to mind the wearer 57．______of the two places where it was developed：NY for New York andLON for London．Velcro is made with very small nylon hooks onone side of the fastening which caught tiny looped whiskers on the 58．______other side of the fastening．It is strong and durable．Velcro is used on clothing，luggages and footwear．It is quick 59．______and easy to fasten and unfasten，and has taken a large part ofthe zipper's share of the market．It is also used in ways a zippercannot be used—for instance as an easily changed fastening onplaster casts，and to hold furnishing fabrics in a position．60．______Part III Situational Dialogues（5 minutes，10 points）Directions：Complete the following dialogues by choosing the best answer．Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre．61．Rob：Hey Jill，you're looking great．Jill：Thanks，Rob．____________Rob：Well，you did it．How？Jill：I jog every morning，and I go to aerobics every other day．A．I bought this dress yesterday．Really smart．B．You are looking fine too．C．I'm recovering my strength after the flu．D．My New Year's resolution was to get in shape．62．Bob：Hi Jane．How are you？Jane：____________I didn't sleep a wink last night．The people next door were making a lot of noise again till very late at night．A．I'm feeling a bit out of sorts this morning．B．Fine，thank you．And you？C．I slept like a log and didn't want to get out of bed．D．It seems a bit unusual，you know．63．Ann ：Aah！He's gorgeous！Look at those big，golden paws．When did you get him？Roger：Yesterday．____________Ann ：Oh，right．What kind is she？Roger：A Labrador．A．Susan's got a more beautiful one．B．What's up？C．It's a she actually．D．Isn't it right？64．Tina：Wow，look at all the things on sale．____________Andrew：Yes，look，this shirt is 50 ％off．Tina：And look at these shoes．They are 30 ％off the normal price．A．I'd like to buy a skirt．B．There are some real bargains．C．Are the prices reasonable？D．These shoes are the same as mine．65．Woman：Have you finished the packaging？Man ：____________Woman：Good．Because the truck will be coming soon，this is a rush job．A．Don't hurry m or I'll break the glass．B．Almost．I just have to wrap the glass and put it into boxes．C．No，I haven't．Why didn't you help me with it？D．Yes，I have．What else can I do for you？66．Customs Officer ：________________________Mrs．John son ：No，nothing at all．Customs Officer ：No perfume，alcohol or cigarettes？Mrs．John son ：Well，I have 200 cigarettes；that's all．A．Do you have anything in the bag，ma'am？B．Do you have anything to declare，ma'am？C．Do you want to buy something，ma'am？D．Is there anything I can do for you，ma'am？67．Linda：Hello．I'd like to send this package，please．Clerk：____________________________________Linda：First class．How long will that take？Clerk：About three days．A．How would you like to send it？B．Which class are you in？C．Where do you want to send it to？D．Which class is it in？68．Assistant：Can I help you？Colin ：Yes，it's about this sports shirt．I washed it the other day．The colour ran and it shrank．Assistant：Oh dear，I see．________________________Colin ：I'm afraid not．Assistant：I'm sorry，but I'm not allowed to change anything without a receipt．A．Did you buy it here？B．Would you want to change it？C．Do you have the receipt？D．Could you tell me who sold it to you？69．James：Could I have my bill，please？Can I pay by credit card or eurocheque？Receptionist：____________James：I'll pay by credit card，then．Receptionist：That's fine．I hope you enjoyed your stay here．A．Here's your bill．B．Sorry，we don't take credit card．C．You can pay by eurocheque．D．Yes，we take both．70．Husband：When is our anniversary？Wife：________________________Husband：No，it's just that I bought these flowers for you and I was hoping today was the day．A．Hmm ．．．I can't remember either．Why？B．Hey，are these flowers for me？C．Who cares？Do you want to give me a surprise？D．Are you joking？Have you really forgotten again？Part IV Reading Comprehension（25 minutes，40 points）Section A Multiple Choice（10 points）Directions：There is one reading passage in this part．The passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre．Questions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage：Taking a peep at what's going on in your headCARL Filer，18，a star salesman at a B＆Q hardware store in the UK，was called up for promotion within one week of starting work．But，instead of being made supervisor，he was sacked—after his employers saw the results of his psychometric test．You might think that anyone who answers that he“strongly disagrees he is an over-achiever is asking for trouble，but Mr Filer already thought he had proved himself more than capable．This year，nearly half of UK firms—46 percent—will use psychometric tests to select trainees，compared with just 17 percent in 2000，according to a report for GTI，a publisher of graduate career guides．These tests，which rate candidates’ability and gauge their personality，have been used in the UK since the 1980s．But assorted studies have shown most people—graduates in particular—are wholly cynical about the idea of their personality being“measured．“People tend to see them as either too silly or too clever， says Clive Fletcher，professor of occupational psychology at University of London．“But all the evidence indicates the tests do have some value．The first personality test as we know it，was developed by the American army in 1917 to filter out weak recruits．But it was not until the 1980s that the tests became popular in Britain．With a rising number of graduates going for a decreasing number of jobs，organizations began to see psychometric testing asa cheap，reliable alternative to the expensive，time-consuming interview．But today the tests are becoming alarmingly sophisticated and are edging towards probing the“dark side：pathology and personality disorders．Increasingly，tests are being used to try to detect promising young graduates who may，later in life，fly off the rails（go crazy）；or to stop psychopaths（having mental disorder）getting recruited．In the future，interviewees could even be given a mouth swab to reveal the genetic and biological markers of personality．“We are heading for the era of genetic screening，”warns Carolyn Jones，of the Institute for Employment Rights．“I think these tests are very flawed．And there are other problems with the tests．For starters，it is possible to fake it—even the test producers agree on this．But they have made it as hard as possible．For example，look at whether you agree or disagree with the following two statements：“New ideas come easily to me and“I find generating new concepts difficult． How long did it take you to realize they both could mean the same thing？The main argument，however，is that the tests are invalid and cannot quantify（put a numerical value on）something as changeable as personality．The golden rule is then，that a psychometric test should never be used as the sole basis of selection，but should always be followed by interviews．71．Most people's attitude towards the psychometric test is ______．A．contemptuous B．favorable C．tolerant D．confounded72．Which of the following is one of the reasons why psychometric testing wins an advantage over interviews？A．It doesn't cost any money．B．It requires no equipment．C．It is time-saving．D．It can be done within seconds．73．Which of the following statements is the author's idea？A．Psychometric tests are defective．B．Psychometric tests should not be the only way to recruit promising young graduates．C．Psychometric tests are invalid and cannot quantify something changeable as personality．D．Psychometric tests are golden rules．74．The test producers make the tests very complicated to ______．A．avoid cheating B．improve genetic screeningC．find out the best ideas D．generate new concepts75．Which of the following is not true according to the passage？A．The American army developed the first personality test to screen out weak recruits．B．In the future，interviewers could give a mouth swab to reveal interviewees’symptoms．C．There are possibilities for starters to cheat in the psychometric tests．D．Interviews still play an important role in evaluating interviewees．Section B Short Answer Questions（30 points）Directions：In this part there are 3 passages with 15 questions or incomplete statements．Read the passages carefully．Then answer the questions in the fewest possible words（not exceeding 10 words）．Remember to rewrite the answers on the Answer Sheet．Questions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage：The 8 Steps of Social Invention1．Get ready to play．Like other types of creativity，social inventiveness flourishes when you begin thinking outsideconventional boundaries．Charlie Girsch，a St．Paul，Minnesota-based creativity consultant，suggests that you start by playing with obviously absurd explanations for everyday events．“If traffic is slow，you'll be tem pted to say，‘Hmm．Must be an accident up ahead．’Instead，try saying，‘Must be a family of turtles crossing the highway’or‘I expect there's some kind of alien abduction going on．’You'll be amazed how soon you will be looking at familiar problems in new ways．”Girsch's book，Fanning the Creative Spirit（Creativity Central，1999）has scores of other exercises for limbering up the inventive part of your brain．2．Generate a zillion far-fetched ideas．Concerned about the homeless in your neighborhood？Imagine a Homeless Parliament，a Homeless Circus，homeless families forming an orchestra，a homeless museum ．．．and on and on．Generate like mad with no regard for feasibility in order，as social invention pioneer Nicholas Albery advises，to“overcome e worthy-but-dull ideas．”Eventually the two or three best ideas will begin to stand out．3．Take your wildest idea and bring it down to earth．How about that Homeless Circus？Could it turn into a forum for homeless people to display their creative talents？A performance series about homelessness？A neighborhood carnival with the homeless as guests of honor？Your flakiest idea may have a germ of brilliance that actually makes it more attractive，and thus more feasible（and fundable），than its worthy-but-dull cousins．4．Look for in venations that solve more than one problem．The Slow Food Movement，born in Italy，boosts local farmers and regional cuisine traditions and restaurateurs and the same time that it“feeds”our hunger for authentic tastes，healthy eating，and a more leisurely，saner style of life．5．Accentuate the positive．“A very common question that I get when I work with people in communities is‘Why doesn't anybody care about our problems？’”notes M chael Patterson，a social inventor and activist in Massachusetts．“What a worthless question．‘Why’？questions are for philosophers．Ask‘How’？and‘What’？questions—they are a lot more practical．”For instance，Patterson asks，“What would you do if you knew you couldn't fail？”6．Give it a rest．Walk away from your favorite idea for a while，forget about it，let it sleep．With your conscious mind out of the way，your subconscious gets to fiddle with the concept for a while，and you just might have an unexpected insight or breakthrough．7．Practice“yes and”in stead of“yes but”．No matter how tempted you are to say“Yes，but this will be hard because，”or“Yes，but a million other people are doing this，”shift the conjunction to“and”and see what sort of positive refinement or change emerges．“Yes，and we could concentrate on immigrants．”“Yes，and we can make it open to all ages．”8．Get your idea into the world．This is the tough part．You might seek out the help of activists who will take a shine to your ideas．Or become an organizer yourself．Paul Glove，a New York social inventor，coun-sels：“If you have an idea you believe in，write a pamphlet with your phone number on it and post it in Laundromats and bookstores．If three people call you，have lunch with them and call yourselves an organization．If five people call，meet with them and issue a press release．”Presto，you're launched．76．To generate far-fetched ideas helps to ______．77．Michael Patterson wants us to come up with“How”？and“What”？instead of“Why”？questionsbecause he considers they are more practical than ______．78．The purpose to practice“yes and”instead of“yes but”is to make yourself more ______．79．According to the article，when one has difficulty developing his favorite idea，he should ______．80．One should not only generate far-fetched ideas but also ______ because the latter step is the nearest to reality．Questions 81 to 85 are based on the following passage：Thin Slice of TV Has Big MarketIt is too early to write an obituary for bulky picture tubes，which will remain the most affordable TV sets for years to come．But，analysts and industry executives insist that thin screens already have started to become the dominant format for TV sets in the digital era．Sharp price cuts have brought plasma sets and other thin，flat televisions out of high-end electronic boutiques and into thousands of mass-market outlets such as Cosco，a wholesale buying club in the US，best known for offering members bulk items and big discounts．The least expensive plasma sets still cost a hefty US ＄3，000or more ，yet sales are growing so rapidly that many manufacturers are racing to boost production．That increase，combined with expanding production capacity and improved technology，could push the price of plasma sets down by one-third next year，according to analyst Richard Doherty of Envisioneering Group，a US research firm．But manufacturers are not just competing with each other；they are also trying to fend off challenges from competing thin-screen technologies，such as liquid crystal displays（LCD）．The demand for thin screens is fuelled in part by the advent of DVDs and digital TV broadcasts，which offer more detailed pictures and more lifelike colors than conventional analog TV signals．To see the difference，consumers need a set that can pack more information onto the screen than their current TVs can．This sharpness is most vivid on screens that are 40inches diagonal or larger．At that size，however，traditional direct view and projection TVs are so bulky that many consumers have trouble finding a place for them at home．Hence the interest in thin screens—models slender and light enough to hang on a wall．The glass panels at the heart of plasma and LCD sets come mainly from about a dozen companies with factories in Japan，South Korea and，increasingly，China．About 800，000 plasma panels will be shipped this year around the world，analysts say．That is a tiny amount compared with the overall market for TVs，which was about 140 million sets last year．But，industry experts said 2003would be a“breakout year”or plasma because shipments should double．Helping drive the growth are new or expanded manufacturing facilities．For example，Japanese electronics giant NEC last year doubled the capacity of its Japanese factory—reaching 300，000to 400，000 plasma panels．And it plans to double it again in 2003，officials said．As competition has heated up during the last four years，prices have fallen more than 50 percent．According to“NPD Tec world”，the average price of a plasma display sold in the US dropped from US ＄12，700in January 1999 to US ＄6，100in October 2002．The best markets for plasma screens have been in Asia，and about half of the sets have gone to businesses instead of homes．LCD TVs carry a premium price—they can be 10 times as expensive as a comparable tube-driven television—that knocks them out of most buyers’budgets．。
