高考英语总复习(专题攻略)之完形填空 解题方法与技巧

1 解题方法与技巧

一、整体浏览抓住主题

在做完形填空题前，首先要整体浏览，对全文快速阅读一遍，了解文章的大意，掌握文章的主题，并留心文中的关键词，了解这篇短文说什么，发生的时间、地点、文章的目的、作者的观点与态度等，这对于做好完形填空题能起到事半功倍的效果。因此，了解文章的主题和大意就显得十分重要。人们常说‘看书先看皮，看报先看题’，这是因为书的封面和报纸的标题都能传达一本书和一篇文章的主题。但是完形填空题所选短文一般都是没有标题的，那么要掌握文章的主题怎么办。要找到文章的主题，首先要找到文章的主题句，因为主题句就能反映文章的主题。文章总是围绕一定的主题展开的，而每一个段落则是说明主题的一个方面，概括了一个段落的中心思想的句子就是主题句。主题句常常出现在段首与段尾，在段首就是一段文章开头的一两句，在段尾就是文章的最后一句；因此浏览短文时，首先要细读段首与段尾；比较起来，主题句位于段首的比例更高一些，所以，首段的第一句或最后一句往往是主题句，它就是引领整篇文章的主旨，是文章的灵魂，因此要抓住不放。作者要支持自己的观点，那么第二段就是作者围绕主题展开的正文。以2000年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空为例：

例 1

Bedtime stories are one of the delights of early childhood. But according to

Dr. Julie Spreadbury from Queensland University, parents should not 61(give)up reading

to their children 62(after)they enter primary school. She says listening to, reading

and discussing the stories help children’s 63(development).

“My 64(research) indicates that once children can read themselves, most

parents stop reading 65(to) them,” Dr. Spreadbury says.

“ 66(That) may be at the end of the Year 1,which is far too 67(early).”

Dr. Spreadbury says 68(bedtime)reading not only gives children a good start

at school, but brings parents and their children closer.

“This makes it 69(easier) for them to open up and talk to parents about things

that are worrying them, or things they are 70(celebrating) in their everyday life.

从上述短文我们可以看出，‘She says listening to, reading and discussing the

stories help children’s 63(development).’是该短文的主题句，这是因为下面的三段都是围绕着这个主题展开的。

二、再读全篇试填答案

许多考生都有这样的经历，做完形填空题时，一看到题目就做，结果自己感到很有把2 握的答案错了，问题就是对短文的内容和结构没有完整、清晰的了解和把握。因此读第二遍就显得很有必要，这样就可以使考生对短文有更好的把握。在读第二遍时，对于一眼就能看出的答案，不必纠缠，马上就填入，对于那些看看有点像，但没有把握的答案，可以开始试填，待看完第二遍时，再来看看试填的答案，如发现先前填得不对，这时应该及时更正，这时你就会比较有把握，也比较有信心了。以2000年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空为例：

例 2

Chinese scientists are again becoming excited about the fact that a large hairy

animal may live in central China. Now they hope it won’t be too long before they are

able to 71(prove) its existence. Their confidence is the 72(result) of a new discovery

of the mystery animal in Hubei Province.

Ten Chinese 73(engineers), enjoying a holiday in a National Forest Park, were

driving down a road. As their bus turned a corner, the men were suddenly 74(amazed)

by what they saw. Three 75(tall) animals, covered with long dark hair , were crossing

the road. On seeing the animals, the engineers immediately stopped and 76(ran after)

them. 77(However), when they saw how the animals moved through the forest with great

78(speed) and strength, they did not dare to follow any further.

The men did not take any 79(photographs). However, scientists are 80(delighted) by the

discovery, because the engineers were all very well educated people and scientists feel

they can 81(rely on) what they described.

After the discovery, scientists returned to the forest and 82(collected) some

hair and measured footprints. About 20 inches appears to be the length of the animal’s

foot! Chinese scientists have now set up a special group to exchange information and

make a 83(study) of the forest. But in the meantime, some people 84(refuse) to believe

that this half-man, half-monkey exists. They will not believe that it is 85(real) until

one of the animals has been caught.

71. A. prove B. analyze C. protect D. check

72. A. basis B. requirement C. result D. preparation

73. A. travelers B. engineers C. scientists D. explorers

74.A. frightened B. amazed C. upset D. inspired

75. A. trained B. rejected C. tall D. violent

76. A. shot at B. looked at C. fought with D. ran after

77. A. However B. Indeed C. Meanwhile D. Anyway 3 78. A. difficulty B. speed C. care D. pleasure

79. A. bullets B. tools C medicines D. photographs

80. A. surprised B. delighted C. disturbed D. supported

81. A. rely on B. deal with C. write down D. pass on

82. A. cut B. pulled C. collected D. tore

83. A. film B. tour C. choice D. study

84. A. come B. refuse C. prefer D. have

85. A. wrong B. alive C. real D. correct

在做73题时，我们可以试选a. travelers , 因为后面有‘enjoying a holiday in

a National Forest Park, were driving down a road.’ 但我们再往下读时，就会发现travelers 不对，而应该选b. engineers , 因为在第二段我们会看到‘On seeing the animals,

the engineers immediately stopped…’ ，这里的the engineers显然是指the men 和ten

Chinese engineers。再如74题，很多学生一开始会选a. frightened, 因为受了后面句子的影响：‘Three __75____ animals, covered with long dark hair , were crossing the road.’