2018考研英语阅读理解常见类型：解释型

2018考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案阅读理解是考研英语的必考题型，考生一定要加以重视，多做模拟试题巩固知识。

今天，店铺准备了2018考研英语阅读理解模拟试题，以供考生练习。

2018考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：【原文】Depending on whom you ask， the experiment announced at a Texas medical conference last week was a potential breakthrough for infertile women， a tragic failure or a dangerous step closer to the nightmare scenario of human cloning.There's truth to all these points of view. Infertility was clearly the motivation when Chinese doctors used a new technique to help one of their countrywomen get pregnant. Unlike some infertile women，the 30-year-old patient produced eggs just fine，and those eggs could be fertilized by sperm. But they never developed properly， largely because of defects in parts of the egg outside the fertilized nucleus. So using a technique developed by Dr. James Grifo at New York University，Dr. Zhuang Guanglun of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou took the patient's fertilized egg，scooped out the chromosome-bearing nuclear material and put it in a donated egg whose nucleus had been removed. In this more benign environment，development proceeded normally，and the woman became pregnant with triplets who carried a mix of her DNA and her husband's——pretty much like any normal baby.What has some doctors and ethicists upset is that this so-called nuclear-transfer technique has also been used to produce clones，starting with Dolly the sheep. The only significant difference is that with cloning， the inserted nucleus comes froma single，usually adult，cell，and the resulting offspring is genetically identical to the parent. Doing that with humans is ethically repugnant to many. Besides， for reasons that aren't yet well understood， cloned animals often abort spontaneously or are born with defects; Dolly died very young， though she had seemed healthy. And because the Chinese woman's twins were born prematurely and died (the third triplet was removed early on to improve chances for the remaining two)，critics have suggested that cloning and nuclear transfer are equally risky for humans.Not likely，says Grifo. “The obstetric outcome was a disaster，” he admits，“but the embryos were chromosomally normal. We have no evidence that it had anything to do with the procedure.” Even so， concern over potential risks is why the Food and Drug Administration created a stringent approval process for such research in 2001——a process that Grifo found so onerous that he stopped working on the technique and gave it to the researchers in China， where it was subsequently banned (but only this month，long after Zhuang's patient became pregnant)。

2018考研英语阅读经典试题及答案(2)冠珠教育推荐：2018年考研一次顺利提分课程！！一科不过，全科免费The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for more than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted hang-glider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly what these creatures were — reptiles or birds — are among the questions scientists have puzzled over.Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls, pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a winglike membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharpclaws. In birds the second finger is the principal strut of the wing, which consists primarily of feathers. If the pterosaurs walked on all fours, the three short fingers may have been employed for grasping. When a pterosaur walked or remained stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could onlyturn upward in an extended inverted V shape along each side of the animal’s body.The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a savings in weight. In the birds, however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.Although scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T. H. Huxley reasoned that flying vertebrates must have been warm-blooded because flying implies a high rate of metabolism, which in turn implies a high internal temperature. Huxley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the body to reduce drag in flight. The recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and relatively thick hairlike fossil material was the first clear evidence that his reasoning was correct.Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became airborne have led to suggestions that they launched themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees, or even by rising into。

2018考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案2018考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案考生想要获得考研英语阅读理解题的高分，必须多做模拟题巩固知识。

今天，店铺准备了2018考研英语阅读理解模拟题，以供考生练习。

2018考研英语阅读理解模拟题：【原文】WHAT do you do when everyone hates you? That is the problem faced by America's pharmaceutical industry. Despite its successes in treating disease and extending longevity， soaring health-care costs and bumper profits mean that big drug firms are widely viewed as exploitative，and regarded almost as unfavourably as tobacco and oil firms (see chart)。

Last week，at a conference organised by The Economist in Philadelphia， the drug industry was offered some advice from an unlikely source：a tobacco firm. Steven Parrish of Altria， the conglomerate that includes Philip Morris， gave his perspective on how an industry can improve its tarnished public image.Comparing the tobacco and pharmaceutical industries might seem absurd，or even offensive. “Their products kill people. Our products save people's lives，” says Alan Holmer，the head of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America， an industry association. Yet the drug giants currently face an unprecedented onslaught of class-action lawsuits and public scrutiny; industry bosses are being grilled by lawmakers asking who knew what and when. It is all reminiscent of what happened to the tobacco industry in 1994.Mr Parrish advised drug firms to abandon their bunker mentality and engage with their critics. Rather than arguing about the past，he said，it is better to move on，and givepeople something new to think about. (Philip Morris now acknowledges， for example， that cigarettes are addictive and deadly，and is trying to develop less harmful products.) Not everyone is open to persuasion， so focus on those who are，he said. But changing opinions takes time and demands deeds as well as words：“This is not about spin，this is about change.”The pharmaceutical industry is pursuing a range of initiatives to mollify its critics， Mr Holmer noted in his own speech. But Mr Parrish suggested that speaking with one voice through a trade association might be counter-productive， since it can give the impression that the industry is a monolithic cartel. And too much advertising， he said， can actually antagonise people further.The audience was generally receptive，claims Mr Parrish. This is not the first time he has offered his thoughts on dealing with implacable critics. At a conference at the University of Michigan last year，he offered America's State Department advice on improving America's image in the Middle East. So does his prescription work? There has been a positive shift in attitudes towards tobacco firms，if only a small one. But at least，for once， a tobacco firm is peddling a cure， rather than a disease.GRAPH： Unpopularity contestEconomist; 11/27/2004，Vol. 373 Issue 8403，p64-64，1/3p， 1 graph注(1)：本文选自Economist; 11/27/2004， p64-64， 1/3p， 1 graph;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象第1题2004年真题text 4第1题，第2题模仿1994年真题text 3第1题，第3题模仿1996年真题text 3第3题，第4题模仿1997年真题text 3第2题，第5题2004年真题text 4第5题;2018考研英语阅读理解模拟题：【题目】1. Why is America‘s pharmaceutical industry so unpopular?[A] Because it，like tobacco and oil firms，does harm to people‘s health and environment.[B] Because it fails to cure disease and make people live longer.[C] Because the prices of its products are too high and its profit margin is too wide.[D] Because it exploits its employees.2. Alan Holmer is quoted to illustrate that __________.[A] the comparison between tobacco and pharmaceutical industries might seem ridiculous， or even insulting[B] the pharmaceutical industries agree that they are similar to tobacco industry[C] tobacco products do more harm to people than pharmaceutical products[D] pharmaceutical industries are currently facing lots of problems3. According to the text，Mr. Parrish gives the following suggestions to drug firms except ______.[A] To acknowledge the problems and try to do something to improve their images.[B] Not to react to the public in one voice through the drug association.[C] Not to care about the past.[D] To try to spend time and energy to persuade the majority of the audience who are open to persuasion.4. The word “mollify” (Line 1， Paragraph 4) might mean?[A] placate.[B] enrage.[C] fight.[D] relieve.5. What does the author imply by saying “This is not the first time he has offered histhoughts on dealing with implacable critics.“?[A] Mr. Parrish has offered his advice to other on dealing with tough critics for several times.[B] Mr. Parrish has dealt successfully with other critics himself.[C] Mr. Parrish has given sound advice to drug firms.[D] Mr. Parrish has been of help to others on critical moments. 2018考研英语阅读理解模拟题：【答案】C A C A C。

考研英语阅读理解题型归纳与解析考生做好阅读理解应能读懂不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），包括信函、书刊和杂志上的文章，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献、技术说明和产品介绍等。

根据所读材料，考生应能：①理解主旨要义；②理解文中的具体信息；③理解文中的概念性含义；④进行有关的判断、推理和引申；⑤根据上下文推测生词的词义；⑥理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系；⑦理解作者的意图、观点或态度；⑧区分论点和论据。

根据大纲和历年考题，我们把题型分为7种：推理题，例证题，词汇题，句子理解题，指代题，主旨题，态度题。

下面是一套命题规律小结：一、推理题推理题一般包括数字推理，知识推断和逻辑推理，它主要考察我们理清上下逻辑关系的能力，可以算是各类题型中最难的一种。

推理题常常考查考生④进行有关的判断、推理和引申⑦理解作者的意图、观点或态度等，逻辑词常用的有：infer，imply，suggest，conclude等。

秘诀：1.看是否通过题干返回原文（或根据选项返回）。

2.依据原文的意思进行：三错一对“的判断。

3.注意推理时的“最近答案”原则。

注意：不要“想的太多，推得太远。

”推理题的答案很大程度上是原文的重现不易定非要经过逻辑推理从原文得出。

二、例证题例证题要求考生⑧区分论点和论据⑥理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系：主要是考察考生通过段落，句子来推测文章的主旨，支持的观点等。

标记词有：example，illustrate，case，exemplify，illustration等。

秘诀：1.返回原文，找出该例证出现，即给该例证定位。

2.90%向上，10%向下，搜索该例证周围的区域，找出例证支持的观点。

找出该论点，并与四个选项进行比较，的出选项中与该论点最一致的正确答案。

注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点，例子看不懂也没关系。

3.错误选项特征就是就事论事。

4.常识判断。

如果一个选项仅仅符合常识，不一定是answer，如果不符合常识，一定不是answer。