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2018考研英语阅读真题中长难句解析（52）
Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce
时间状语伴随状语主语
was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance.
谓语主语补⾜语后置定语
译⽂: 不久前,美国经济进⼊衰退期，⽽⽇本经济正处在泡沫破裂前的繁荣期，⼈们嘲讽美国的劳动⼒受教育程度低，并认为这是美国经济低迷的主要原因之⼀。
分析：本句的主⼲是…the U.S. workforce was derided as…，as之后的部分做主语的补⾜语，其中还包含了⼀个后置定语of the poor U.S. economic performance修饰causes。
主⼲之前由with引导的独⽴主格结构做整个句⼦的伴随状语。
2018考研英语一阅读22018考研英语一阅读2内容如下：1) A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump's use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president's social media platform.2) Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for Buzz Feed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.3) Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust”to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives-especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,”the survey concluded.4) Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 surveyconducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people's reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.5) Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,”more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news”via social media．In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,”says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.6) So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills -and in their choices on when to share on social media.26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on .[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.[B] people's preference for social media platforms.[C] the administration’s ability to handle information.[D] social media was a reliable source of news.27. The phrase “beer up”(Para.2) is closest in meaning to .[A] sharpen[B] define[C] boast[D] share28. According to the knight foundation survey, young people .[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.[D] like to exchange views on “distributed trust”29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is .[A] readers outdated values.[B] journalists' biased reporting[C] readers' misinterpretation[D] journalists' made-up stories.30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.。
2016考研英语阅读每日精选：美国人基本上停止生长了In The U.S., Height Hits Its Head On The Genetic CelingIn the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of onlythree players in the National Basketball Association(NBA) listed at over seven feet.在20世纪60年代早期，Wilt Chamberlain 是美国国家篮球协会中仅有的身高超过7英尺的三个人之一。
If he had played last season, however, he would havebeen one of 42.可是如果他参加了上个赛季的话，他就变成了1/42了。
The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years,这些年来在较大的职业体育运动中的运动员的身体状况发生了很大的改变，and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growingnumbers of bigger, longer frames.而他们的经理人也更愿意调整队员的运动服来适应队员们更大，更高的身材。
The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans havegenerally stopped growing.虽然体育界的这种趋势可能蒙蔽了一个没有被承认的现实：美国人基本上停止生长了。
Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today's people - especiallythose born to families who have lived in the U. S. for many generations - apparently reachedtheir limit in the early 1960s.虽然现在人们比140 年前高了2英寸，特别是那些出生在已移民美国很多代的那些人，但是明显的，在二十世纪60年代早期，已经到达了他们的身高的极限。
2018考研英语阅读真题中长难句解析（29） If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. 译⽂：如果雄⼼的传统仍具有⽣命⼒，那么它就应该受到⼴泛的推崇，尤其应该受到那些⾃⾝得到他⼈羡慕的⼈们的⾼度重视，这些⼈中受过良好教育的⼈可不占少数。
分析：这是⼀个并列关系的并列句。
前⼀个分句⼜包含由if引导的条件状语，主句中的主语it指代the tradition of ambition。
后⼀分句中who are themselves admired修饰people，the educated not least among them是people的补语。
【词汇指南】 摘⾃《⼗天搞定考研词汇》(王江涛、刘⽂涛) vitality[vai'tæliti](n.)活⼒,精⼒;茁壮;⼒度(CET-6、考研词汇)(vital-⽣命的,有⽣命⼒的，ity-抽象名词后缀→活⼒,精⼒——引申为“茁壮;⼒度”。
) 2个扩展词： ●vital ['vaitl](adj.)⽣命的,有⽣命⼒的;⽣死攸关的(CET-4)(2013年-阅读1)(vit=viv-词根,⽣命，al-的→⽣命的,有⽣命⼒的——引申为“⽣死攸关的”。
) ●revitalize [ri:'vaitəlaiz](v.)使复活,使恢复(超纲词汇)(2011年-阅读1)(该词是revive的同源近义词;其中，re-重新,再⼀次，vital-⽣命的，ize-动词后缀→使复活,使恢复) 1个近义词： ●vivid ['vivid](adj.)⽣动的,活泼的;栩栩如⽣的(CET-4)(2005年-阅读3)(viv-⽣命，id=ed-的→焕发出“⽣命”活⼒的——即“⽣动的,活泼的”，引申为“栩栩如⽣的”。
2018考研英语阅读理解练习题及答案2018考研英语阅读理解的复习，做练习题是必不可少的。
今天，店铺准备了2018考研英语阅读理解练习题，以供考生练习。
2018考研英语阅读理解练习题：【原文】When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurredto me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral movethat hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandonmy relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgracedgovernment minister, I covered my exit by claimi ng “I wanted to spend more time with my family".Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, myexperiment in what the Americans term "downshifting" has turned mytired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from apassionate advocate of the philosophy of “ have itall", preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages ofShe magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after hermuch-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up ofstress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", andmaking the alternative move into “ downshifting ” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success andsocial status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelseyused to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines,the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “ quality time ” .In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, lessmaterialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting—also known in America as “voluntarysimplicity”—has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termedanti-consumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-helpbooks for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, suchas The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans usefultips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap;there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-'90sequivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economicdecline ― after the massredundancies caused by downsizing in the late’ 80s ― and is still link ed to the politics of thrift, in Britain, atleast among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have differentreasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep jugglingthrough the '80s, downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for themythical good life —growing your ownorganic vegetables, and risking turning into one —as apersonal recognition of your limitations.2018考研英语阅读理解练习题：【题目】37. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1??[A]Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B]The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “ A lateral move ” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D]The writer was only too eager to spend more time with herfamily.38. The writer's experiment shows that downshifting_________.[A]enables her to realize her dream[B]helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C]prompts her to abandon her high social status[D]leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine39. “ Juggling one'slife ” probably meansliving a life characterized by _________.[A]non-materialistic lifestyle[B]a bit of everything[C]extreme stress[D]anti-consumerism40. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. asa result of _________.[A]the quick pace of modern life[B]man's adventurous spirit[C]man's search for mythical experiences[D]the economic situation2018考研英语阅读理解练习题：【答案】名师解析37. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?根据第一段，下文哪一个是正确的?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.全职工作是一个新的国际趋势。
2018考研英语阅读真题中长难句解析（55） In Australia — where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their Part — other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. 译⽂：在澳⼤利亚，⼈⼝⽼龄化、延长寿命技术和公众态度的变化都发挥着各⾃的作⽤。
其他州也将考虑制定类似的法律来处理安乐死问题。
分析：这个句⼦的主⼲是... other states are going to consider...。
句⾸的In Australia是介词词组表⽰地点状语，后⾯where引导定语从句where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their Part，进⼀步解释Australia的具体情况。
【词汇指南】 aɡe [eidʒ](n.)年龄;(⼈⽣的)某⼀时期;成年;⽼年(v.)(使)变⽼;变旧,成熟(中考词汇)(2003年-阅读4)(有学者认为，“aɡe-年龄、时期”由“staɡe-阶段,时期”简写⽽来，后引申为“成年、⽼年”。
) 1个派⽣词： aɡinɡ ['eidʒiŋ](n.)⽼化(超纲词汇)(2012年-阅读2)(inɡ-名词后缀) population [,pɔpju'leiʃən](n.)⼈⼝;(某地域的)全部居民(中考词汇)(2003年-阅读4、2006年-阅读1、2008年-阅读3、2010年-阅读3、2013年-阅读3、2015年-完型)(popul=people-⼈民，ation-名词后缀→由“⼈民”引申为“⼈⼝、全部居民”) 考点搭配：aging population ⽼年⼈⼝，⼈⼝⽼龄化(2003年-阅读4) 1个扩展词： populate ['pɔpjuleit](vt.)居住于;移民于,殖民于(超纲词汇)(2007年-阅读2)(该词是“population-⼈⼝,全部居民”的动词形式，ate-动词后缀→由“居民”引申为“居住于”。
2018年专八真题阅读理解第一篇的难点注释2018年专八阅读理解难点注释第一篇、1.Department of Immigration-- 澳大利亚移民局。
从2017年12月20日起它已更名为Department of Home Affairs，简称DHA。
澳大利亚内务事务部2.close on接近3.assisted passage援助移民4.migrate移居5.proceed续进行：进行或前进6.ambitious雄心勃勃的7.envisage/ ɪn`vɪzɪdʒ /展望; 想像8.mineral采自地下的任何物质; （尤指）金属矿石9.injection注入10.exploit利用或开发（尤指矿藏和其他自然资源）11.continental United States美国大陆，美国本土，不包括阿拉斯加，夏威夷，其他美属太平洋岛。
12.descent出身; 血统13.recruit招聘14.frontier国界15.subsidized passage补贴移民，补助移民16.drawback缺点17.integration与社区融合（尤指种族间）18.continental migrant欧洲大陆移民（continental 指）19.gravitate•（受到或好象受到一种无法抗拒的力量的吸引）移向20.colony侨居地21.avow公开宣称/ əˈvau;22.substantially大体上23.homogeneous/ ˏhɔməˈdʒiːnɪəs/同质化社会24.by and large大体上; 基本上25.selective挑挑拣拣的26.cause of concern令人担忧的问题27.country of origin原籍国,出生国28.return fare返程票29.outside lavatory室外卫生间30.crudity粗鲁 /'kruːdɪtɪ/31.stark荒凉的; 光秃秃的32.council housing-- (美国称为 public housing•)33.houses or flats owned by the government for which the rent is lower than homes that are privately owned公租房34.National Health scheme国民医疗服务制度，英国的医保35.housebound困居家中的36.inadequate不充分的37.outlying偏僻的, 边远的38.correspondence通信,信件往来39.Housing Commission home 澳大利亚联邦住房委员会的廉租房40.wage packet--薪金或工资（美国用法：paycheck）the money that you earn, especially when it is given to you in notes and coins in an envelope41.qualification--（获得的）学位, 文凭, 证书, 执照等42.anything but根本不,决不43.rosy picture美好的景象44.Aussie澳洲人 /'ɔ:si:; 'ɔzi/45.blow one's own trumpet 自吹自擂46.go down heart-break alley 步入伤心路47.expansive开放的，慷慨的。
2018考研英语阅读真题中长难句解析（27） Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs — the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. 译⽂：当然，现在⼈们对成功及其标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于从前，避暑别墅，欧洲旅⾏、宝马车——地点、地名和品牌或许会有变化，但现在对这些东西的渴求似乎并不亚于⼀⼆⼗年前。
分析：此处出现了两个⽐较级，less interested in success and its signs now than formerly和less in demand today than a decade or two years ago。
【词汇指南】 摘⾃《⼗天搞定考研词汇》(王江涛、刘⽂涛) less [les](adj.)更少的(adv.)更少地(⾼考词汇)(有学者认为，“less-更少的(地)”由“lack-缺乏、不⾜”弱读⽽来→数量不⾜、少之⼜少的——即“更少的”，引申为“更少地”) 考点搭配：anything less than 绝⾮(2011年-阅读4) 1个派⽣词： ●lesser [ˈlesə](adj.)较⼩的;次要的(超纲词汇)(2005年-阅读1)(er-⽐较级) former ['fɔ:mə](n.)[the～]前者(adj.)在前的,以前的;前任的(⾼考词汇)(2003年-阅读4、2005年-阅读2)(for-前，mer=matter-物质,事情,东西→前⾯的东西——即“前者”，引申为“在前的,以前的;前任的”。
US birthrates drop to record lows美国人口出生率降至历史新低US birth and fertility rates fell by 4 percent last year, the largest decline in nearly 50 years, the government said Wednesday.周三，美国政府网站称，去年美国的出生率和生育率均下降4%，达近50年来最大降幅。
About 3.6 million babies were born in the US last year, down from about 3.75 million in 2019, new data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show. Births fell for the sixth consecutive year to the lowest level since 1979. When births were booming in 2007, the US recorded 4.3 million.美国疾病预防控制中心的最新数据显示，去年美国新生儿约为360万，低于2019年的375万。
出生率连续6年下降，跌至1979年以来的最低水平。
在出生率高峰的2007年，美国的新生儿数量高达430万。
The rate dropped for women of every major race and ethnicity. The number of births fell 8 percent for Asian Americans, the highest decline among all ethnicities. Birthrates fell 4 percent for black and white women, 3 percent for Hispanic women and 6 percent for American Indians or Alaska Natives.所有主要种族和民族的女性死亡率都有所下降。
2018考研英语阅读每日精选：美国人基本上停止生长了In The U.S., Height Hits Its Head On The Genetic CelingIn the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of onlythree players in the National Basketball Association(NBA) listed at over seven feet.在20世纪60年代早期，Wilt Chamberlain 是美国国家篮球协会中仅有的身高超过7英尺的三个人之一。
If he had played last season, however, he would havebeen one of 42.可是如果他参加了上个赛季的话，他就变成了1/42了。
The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years,这些年来在较大的职业体育运动中的运动员的身体状况发生了很大的改变，and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growingnumbers of bigger, longer frames.而他们的经理人也更愿意调整队员的运动服来适应队员们更大，更高的身材。
The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans havegenerally stopped growing.虽然体育界的这种趋势可能蒙蔽了一个没有被承认的现实：美国人基本上停止生长了。
Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today's people - especiallythose born to families who have lived in the U. S. for many generations - apparently reachedtheir limit in the early 1960s.虽然现在人们比140 年前高了2英寸，特别是那些出生在已移民美国很多代的那些人，但是明显的，在二十世纪60年代早期，已经到达了他们的身高的极限。
And they aren't likely to get any taller.他们已经不可能再长得更高了。
“In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we've pretty much goneas far as we can go, ”says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright StateUniversity.Wright 州大学的人类学家William Cameron Chumlea 说：“在这个基因和环境的条件下，现在整体的人们已经长到我们能够达到的范围了。
”In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasinglycommon practice of recruiting players from all over the world.拿NBA 球员来说，他们身高的增加主要由于从世界各地招募到了球员。
Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients - notably,protein - to feed expanding tissues.身高的增长一般在20 岁以后就停止了，而发育是需要能量和营养的，其中的蛋白质用来供给组织的生长。
At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way.在20世纪初，营养不良和儿童疾病妨碍了整体的发育。
But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in heightby about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height.但是当饮食和健康的促进，儿童和青少年平均每20年都增长了大概1.5英寸，这就是长高的趋势。
Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height - 5'9″for men, 5'4″for women - hasn't really changed since 1960.根据疾病防治中心，从1960 年开始，人们平均身高，男性5英尺9英寸，女性5英尺4英寸，就没有什么变化了。
Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height.总的说来，避免太高的身高是有很多优点的。
During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal.在生产时，较大的婴儿通过产道是有更多的问题的。
Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and backcontinue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strainimposed by oversize limbs.而且，就算人类已经直立行走已经几百万年了，我们的脚和背部继续对抗着巨大的压力，这些压力来源于双足直立的姿势和巨大的肢体。
“There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individualorganism, ”says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.西北大学的人类学家William Leonard 说：“有一些限制是个体器官的基因结构导致的。
”Genetic maximums can change, but don't expect this to happen soon.基因的最大化可以改变，但是不要期待它会马上就能发生。
Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass. ,ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration.Mass州的Natick的军队研究中心的高级人类学家Claire C. Gordon确信百分之九十的入伍新兵不需要更换新的制服和工作站。
She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed forsome time.她说，不像那些篮球制服，军队的制服长度很长时间都没有改变了。
And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment,Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today's data and feel fairly confident. ”如果你需要在不远的将来预测人类的身高而去设计一款新的设备，Gordon 说基本上，“你都可以使用现在的数据，并且非常地自信。
”凯程教育：凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。
凯程考研的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯；凯程考研的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里；信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿；使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研辅导机构；激情：永不言弃，乐观向上；敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业；服务：以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作，为学员服务，为学员引路。
如何选择考研辅导班：在考研准备的过程中，会遇到不少困难，尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说，通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足，可以大大提高复习效率，节省复习时间，大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班，或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。
师资力量：师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素，考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价，询问往届学长然后选择。
判断师资力量关键在于综合实力，因为任何一门课程，都不是由一、两个教师包到底的，是一批教师配合的结果。
还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。
凯程考研名师云集，李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。
而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课，对知识点把握和命题方向，欠缺火候。
对该专业有辅导历史：必须对该专业深刻理解，才能深入辅导学员考取该校。
在考研辅导班中，从来见过如此辉煌的成绩：凯程教育拿下2015五道口金融学院状元，考取五道口15人，清华经管金融硕士10人，人大金融硕士15个，中财和贸大金融硕士合计20人，北师大教育学7人，会计硕士保录班考取30人，翻译硕士接近20人，中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程，法学方面，凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元，更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。
