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计算机专业英语教程（第四版）习题答案计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案计算机专业英语（第四版）课后习题答案Unit 1 [Ex 1] Fb5E2RGbCAP [Ex 2] 1. input, storage, processing, and output 2. power; speed; 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10.memoryp1EanqFDPw 3. central processing unit memoryDXDiTa9E3d 5. keyboard; [Ex 3] B. A. central processing unit; 1. F 2. D 2. monitor 3. G 4. C 5. B main memory; 6. A 7. E monitorRTCrpUDGiT 8. H5PCzVD7HxA 4. internal; primary;1. user3. data4. keyboard5. data processingjLBHrnAILg6. information [Ex 4] instructions7. computer8. memory 3. manipulates 4.1. input device2. screen, screen 5. retrievexHAQX74J0X 8. Function6. code7. hard copy[Ex. 5] 新处理器开始IT 技术的新时代New Processors Open New Era of IT Technologies Last week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their1 / 30presence opens a new era in the field of IT technologies and means that the cloud technology is getting closer.LDAYtRyKfEThese processors are primarily designed for servers, data centers (DPC) and supercomputers. The emergence of this class of devices is not accidental. According to the regional director of Intel in Russia and other CIS states Dmitri Konash who spoke at the event, the market of IT-technology is developing so rapidly that, according to forecasts, by 2015 there will be 15 billion devices connected to the Internet, and over 3 billion of active users.Zzz6ZB2Ltk 上周，英特尔公司向俄罗斯和其它独联体国家的公众推出了英特尔Xeon E5-2600 系列处理器，它们更加强大可靠，尤其是在能量消耗方面更加经济实惠。
Unit4软件OS操作系统是管理计算机资源的程序。
普通的操作系统有Windows 95，MacOS，Linux，Solaris，AmigaOS，AIX，Windows NT等。
MS-DOS由微软生产的DOS。
早期版本极像CP/M，但只用了一些简单的命令。
它只提供CLI，也支持OS/2，Windows 3.1，Windows 95。
Windows ME或GEOS可以运行在它上面提供GUI。
它只能用于基于x86的计算机。
PC-DOS由IBM设计的DOS，工作类似于MS-DOS。
早期版本极像CP/M，但只用了一些简单的命令。
Windows 3.1或GEOS可以运行在它上面提供GUI。
它只能用于基于x86的计算机。
OS/2OS/2是IBM设计的操作系统，运行x86计算机，与MS-Windows半兼容。
IBM的更加行业化的操作系统是AIX。
平台大约说来，平台就像计算机家庭。
它可以从两方面来定义：硬件方面从处理器的类型、软件方面从操作系统的类型。
属于不同平台的计算机不能运行相互的程序（除非这个程序是用类似于Java这样的语言编写的）。
光标计算机屏幕上关注的点，经常用闪烁的线或块来标记。
输入计算机的文本通常显示在光标位置。
数据库数据库是数据的集合，这些数据经过组织检索起来就更容易，更有效。
普通的数据库程序包括Oracle、Sybase、Postgres、Informix、Filemaker等。
目录也叫做“文件夹”，目录汇集了许多文件，以便组织文件。
注意目录自身也是文件，所以一个目录通常也可以包括其他目录。
这与分区不一样。
文件文件是存储在计算机上信息的单位。
程序程序是计算机的一系列指令，告诉它做什么或怎样运行。
术语“应用程序”和app的意思基本相同。
然而它不同于“程序片”。
Program也可以做动词，意思是编写一个程序，而programmer则编写程序的人，即程序员。
运行运行一个程序就是怎么让它做某件事。
术语“执行”意思相同。
《计算机英语（第4版）》练习参考答案Unit One: Computer and Computer ScienceUnit One/Section AI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2. input; output3. VLSI4. workstations; mainframes5. vacuum; transistors6. instructions; software7. digit; eight; byte8. microminiaturization; chipII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. artificial intelligence 人工智能2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3. optical computer 光计算机4. neural network 神经网络5. instruction set 指令集6. parallel processing 并行处理7. difference engine 差分机8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件9. silicon substrate 硅衬底10. vacuum tube 真空管11. 数据的存储与处理the storage and handling of data12. 超大规模集成电路very large-scale integrated circuit13. 中央处理器central processing unit14. 个人计算机personal computer15. 模拟计算机analogue computer16. 数字计算机digital computer17. 通用计算机general-purpose computer18. 处理器芯片processor chip19. 操作指令operating instructions20. 输入设备input deviceIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital.They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers.All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC(通用自动计算机), introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。
CPU 中央处理机DRAM 动态随机存取存储器SRAM 静态随机存取存储器VDT 视频显示终端RAM 随机存取存储器ROM 只读存储器EPROM 可擦可编程只读存储器EEPROM 电可擦可编程只读存储器PCI 外设部件互连VoIP IP电话，网络电话SSI 小规模集成电路LSI 大规模集成电路VLSI 超大规模集成电路CISC 复杂指令集计算机RISC 精简指令集计算机HLL 高级语言IC 集成电路SISD 单指令流单数据流MISD 多指令流单数据流SM 共享存储器SN 无共享SMP 对称多处理MPP 大规模并行处理SIMD 单指令单数据流MIMD 多指令多数据流SPMD 单程序多数据CD 光盘，紧密盘WORM 一次写多次读GB 千兆字节VHS 家用录像系统WWW 环球网，万维网CRT 阴极射线管ESDI 增强型小设备接口USB 通用串行总线VCR 录像机HTML 超文本置标语言XHTML 可扩展超文本置标语言CSS 层叠样式表CGA 彩色图形适配器EGA 增强型图形适配器VGA 视频图形阵列IDE 集成开发环境VM 虚拟机JIT 即时编译程序N.W. 净重G.W. 总重CATV 有线电视RTOS 实时操作系统LAN 局域网WAN 广域网TCP/IP 传输控制协议/互联网协议FTP 文件传输协议DNS 域名系统HTTP 超文本传输协议URL 统一资源定位器ISP Internet服务提供商ISDN 综合服务数字网DSL 数字用户线路XML 可扩展置标语言DTD 文档类型定义XSL 可扩展样式单语言RDF 资源描述格式DOM 文档对象模型SGML 标准通用置标语言URI 统一资源标识符OSI model 开放系统互连模式HDLC 高层数据链路通信PDA 个人数字助理WML 无线置标语言RSS RDF站点摘要PSTN 公用电话交换网RF 射频WDM 波分多路复用DWDM 密集波分多路复用FM 调频SDH 同步数字分层XON/XOFF （传输开）始/停MAC 媒体访问控制BSS 基本服务组（集）DS 分布系统PAN 个人网MAN 城域网DBMS 数据库管理系统SQL 解构式询问语言ANSI 美国国家标准协会DOS 磁盘操作系统CAD 计算机辅助设计CAM 计算机辅助制造CASE 计算机辅助软件工程GIS 地理信息系统OODBMS 面向对象的DBMS CIM 计算机集成制造DIS 数据解释系统ODBC 开放数据库互连API 应用程序设计接口UDA 通用数据访问MDAC 微软数据访问组件ADO ActiveX数据对象OEL DB 对象链接和潜入数据库DAO 数据访问对象RDO 远程数据对象ISAM 索引顺序访问方法MFC 微软公司基础类（库）CLI 调用级接口ISO 国际标准化组织IEC国际电气技术委员会UDF 用户定义格式GHz 千兆赫兹THz 兆兆赫兹ADT模/数转化器DAT 数/模转换器PCM 脉码调制。
《计算机英语（第4版）》练习参考答案Unit One: Computer and Compute r ScienceUnit One/Section AI.Fill in the blankswith the informa tion given in the text:1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2. input; output3. VLSI4. worksta tions; mainfra mes5. vacuum; transis tors6. instruc tions; softwar e7. digit; eight; byte8. micromi niatur izatio n; chipII.Transla te the followi ng terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. artific ial intelli gence人工智能2. paper-tape reader纸带阅读器3. optical compute r 光计算机4. neuralnetwork神经网络5. instruc tion set 指令集6. paralle l process ing 并行处理7. differe nce engine差分机8. versati le logical element通用逻辑元件9. silicon substra te 硅衬底10. vacuumtube 真空管11. 数据的存储与处理the storage and handlin g of data12. 超大规模集成电路very large-scale integra ted circuit13. 中央处理器central process ing unit14. 个人计算机persona l compute r15. 模拟计算机analogu e compute r16. 数字计算机digital compute r17. 通用计算机general-purpose compute r18. 处理器芯片process or chip19. 操作指令operati ng instruc tions20. 输入设备input deviceIII.Fill in each of the blankswith one of the words given in the followi ng list, makingchanges if necessa ry:We can definea compute r as a devicethat accepts input, process es data, storesdata, and produce s output. Accordi ng to the mode of process ing, compute rs are eitheranalogor digital.They can also be classif ied as mainfra mes, minicom puters, worksta tions, or microco mputer s.All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categor izatio n provide s some indicat ion of the compute r’sspeed, size, cost, and abiliti es.Ever since the adventof compute rs, there have been constan t changes. First-generat ion compute rs of histori c signifi cance,such as UNIVAC(通用自动计算机),introdu ced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuumtubes. Second-generat ion compute rs, appeari ng in the early 1960s, were those in which transis tors replace d vacuumtubes. In third-generat ion compute rs, datingfrom the 1960s, integra ted circuit s replace d transis tors. In fourth-generat ion compute rs such as microco mputer s, which first appeare d in the mid-1970s, large-scale integra tion enabled thousan ds of circuit s to be incorpo ratedon one chip. Fifth-generat ion compute rs are expecte d to combine very-large-scale integra tion with sophist icated approac hes to computi ng, includi ng artific ial intelli genceand true distrib uted process ing.IV. Transla te the followi ng passage from English into Chinese:计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。
CHAPTER 619. SYSTEM UNIT (P150)The system unit, also known as the system cabinet, is a container that houses most系统单元该系统的单位，又称系统机柜，是一个容器，里面大部分构成一个计算机系统的电子元件。
所有的计算机系统有一个系统单位。
微型计算机中，有四种基本类型：桌面系统的单位,笔记本电脑系统的单位,平板电脑系统的单位,掌上电脑系统的单位2. SYSTEM BOARD (P153)The system board is also known as the motherboard. The system board is the系统板也被称为主板。
系统板是整个计算机系统的通信媒介。
系统单位的每一个组件连接到系统板上。
它作为一个数据的各个组成部分互相沟通的路径。
外部设备，如键盘，鼠标和显示器无法沟通与系统的单位没有系统板。
21. (P154)Sockets provide a connection point for small specialized electronic parts called套接字提供了一个小的芯片专门的电子零件的连接点。
芯片由微小的电路板蚀刻到硅sandlike材料的平方。
这些电路板可小于指尖。
A芯片也被称为一个硅芯片，半导体，集成电路。
芯片安装在载体上的包。
这些包直接插入系统板上的插座上或卡，然后插入到系统板上的插槽。
插座是用来连接各种不同类型的芯片，包括微处理器和内存芯片的系统板。
22. MICROPROCESSOR (P155)In a microcomputer system, the central processing unit (CPU) or processor is 在微机系统中，中央处理单元（CPU）或处理器包含一个单一的芯片上称为微处理器。
1.1A Closer Look at the Processor and PrimaryStorage仔细看看处理器和主存储器We have learned that all computers have similar capabilities and perform essentially the same functions, although some might be faster than others. We have also learned that a computer system has input, output, storage, and processing components; that the processor is the “intelligence” of a computer system; and that a single computer system may have several processors. We have discussed how data are represented inside a computer system in electronic states called bits. We are now ready to expose the inner workings of the nucleus of the computer system — the processor.我们已经知道，所有的计算机都具有相似的能力，并且在本质上执行相同的功能，尽管一些可能会比另一些快一点。
我们也知道，一个计算机系统具有输入，输出，存储和处理部件；处理器是一个计算机系统智能核心，并且一个计算机系统可以有许多个处理器。
我们已经讨论过如何在计算机系统内部，用被称作“位”的电子状态来表现数据，现在我们要弄明白计算机系统的核心，即处理器，的内在的工作方式。
《计算机英语（第4版）》练习参考答案Unit One: Computer and Computer ScienceUnit One/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2. input; output3. VLSI4. workstations; mainframes5. vacuum; transistors6. instructions; software7. digit; eight; byte8. microminiaturization; chipII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. artificial intelligence 人工智能2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器4. neural network 神经网络5. instruction set 指令集6. parallel processing 并行处理7. difference engine 差分机8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件9. silicon substrate 硅衬底10. vacuum tube 真空管11. 数据的存储与处理the storage and handling of data12. 超大规模集成电路very large-scale integrated circuit13. 中央处理器central processing unit18. 处理器芯片processor chip19. 操作指令operating instructions20. 输入设备input deviceIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。
《计算机英语（第4版）》练习参考答案Unit One: Computer and Computer ScienceUnit One/Section AI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2. input; output3. VLSI4. workstations; mainframes5. vacuum; transistors6. instructions; software7. digit; eight; byte8. microminiaturization; chipII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. artificial intelligence 人工智能2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3. optical computer 光计算机4. neural network 神经网络5. instruction set 指令集6. parallel processing 并行处理7. difference engine 差分机8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件9. silicon substrate 硅衬底10. vacuum tube 真空管11. 数据的存储与处理the storage and handling of data12. 超大规模集成电路very large-scale integrated circuit13. 中央处理器central processing unit14. 个人计算机personal computer15. 模拟计算机analogue computer16. 数字计算机digital computer17. 通用计算机general-purpose computer18. 处理器芯片processor chip19. 操作指令operating instructions20. 输入设备input deviceIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital.They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers.All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides somespeed, size, cost, and abilities.indication of th e computer’sEver since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC(通用自动计算机), introduced in the early 1950s, were based onvacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s,integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuitsto be incorporated on onechip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。
1 We have learned that all computers have similar capabilities and perform essentially the same functions, although some might be faster than others. We have also learned that a computer system has input, output, storage, and processing components; that the processor is the “intelligence” of a computer system; and that a single computer system may have several processors. We have discussed how data are represented inside a computer system in electronic states called bits. We are now ready to expose the inner workings of the nucleus of the computer system — the processor.
我们已经知道，所有的计算机都具有相似的能力，并且在本质上执行相同的功能，尽管一些可能会比另一些快一点。我们也知道，一个计算机系统具有输入，输出，存储和处理部件；处理器是一个计算机系统智能核心，并且一个计算机系统可以有许多个处理器。我们已经讨论过如何在计算机系统内部，用被称作“位”的电子状态来表现数据，现在我们要弄明白计算机系统的核心，即处理器，的内在的工作方式。
The internal operation of a computer is interesting, but there really is no mystery to it. The mystery is in the minds of those who listen to hearsay and believe science-fiction writer. The computer is a nonthinking electronic device that has to be plugged into an electrical power source, just like a toaster or a lamp.
计算机的内部操作很有意思，但确实没有什么神秘可言。所谓的神秘只是存在于那些听信传闻和相信科幻小说作家的人的意识中。计算机就是一种没有思想的需要接通电源的电子设备而已，与烤面包机和台灯差不多。
Literally hundreds of different types of computers are marketed by scores of manufacturers [1]. The complexity of each type may vary considerably, but in the end each processor, sometimes called the central processing unit or CPU, has only two fundamental sections: the control unit and the arithmetic and logic unit. Primary storage also plays an integral part in the internal operation of a processor. These three — primary storage, the control unit, and the arithmetic and logic unit — work together. Let’s look at their functions and the relationships between them.
不加夸张地讲，市场上有几百种不同类型的计算机在销售.每种电脑在复杂性上可能有很大区别，但归根结底,每种处理器，有时称为中央处理器即cpu，只有两个基本部分:控制单元和计算逻辑单元.主内存在处理器内部操作中也是一个不可缺少的部分.这三个部件--主内存，控制单元和计算逻辑单元--一起工作.然我们看看它们(各自的)功能和它们之间的联系。
Unlike magnetic secondary storage devices, such as tape and disk, primary storage has no moving parts. With no mechanical movement, data can be accessed from primary storage at electronic speeds, or close to the speed of light. Most of today’s computers use DRAM (Dynamic Random-Access Memory) technology for primary storage. A state-of-the-art DRAM chip about one eighth the size of a postage stamp can store about 256,000,000 bits, or over 25,600,000 characters of data!
主存与其他的辅助存储器（如：磁带、硬盘）不一样的是，主存不含有运转部件。由于没有机械运转的需要，主存种数据访问可以达到电子的速度，或接近于光速。当今计算机的主存大多数使用DRAM（动态随机存取存储器）技术。目前最新的工艺水平是：一块只有大约1/8张邮票大小的DRAM芯片却可以存储大约256,000,000位，约25,6000,000个字符的数据。
Primary storage, or main memory, provides the processor with temporary storage for programs and data. All programs and data must be transferred to primary storage from an input device (such as a VDT) or from secondary storage (such as a disk) before programs can be executed or data can be processed. Primary storage space is always at a premium; therefore, after a program has been executed, the storage space it occupied is reallocated to another program awaiting execution.
主存储器，也就是说内存，用于为处理器暂时存放程序和数据。所有的程序和数据在被操作之前必须从输入设备（如VDT）或者辅助存储器转存到主存储器中。主存储器存储容量通常是相当有限的，因此，在一个程序执行结束，它所占用的存储空间必须被重新分配给其它正在等待执行操作的程序。
Figure 1-1 illustrates how all input/output (I/O) is “read to” or “written from” primary storage. In the figure, an inquiry (input) is made on a VDT. The inquiry, in the form of a message, is routed to primary storage over a channel (such as a coaxial cable). The message is interpreted, and the processor initiates action to retrieve the appropriate program and data from secondary storage [3].The program and data are “loaded”, or moves, to primary storage from secondary storage. This is a nondestructive read process. That is, the program and data that are read reside in both primary storage (temporarily) and secondary storage (permanently). The data are manipulated according to program instructions, and a report is written from primary storage to a printer.
图 1-1描述了输入/输出设备与主存储器间的读和写过程。在图中，VDT发出一个输入请求，请求是以消息模式通过通道（如同轴电缆）发送到主存储器。这个查询被解释，处理器发起操作从辅助存储器中调用合适的程序和数据。程序和数据从辅助存储器传送到主存储器中，这是一个非破坏性的读取过程，也就是说，程序和数据同时存在于主存（临时保存）和辅助存储器（永久保存）中。根据程序指令的指示，处理器对数据进行操作，并从主存传送一份报告到打印机。
A program instruction or a piece of data is stored in a specific primary storage location called an address. Addresses permit program instructions and data to be located, accessed, and processed. The content of each address is constantly changing as different programs are executed and new data are processed.
