大学英语语法归纳与练习(附答案)

你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun)；但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗？1. The girl is singing a song.2. The girl singing now is my sister.3. Singing is one of her hobbies(爱好).三个句子中都有singing。

第一个句子的singing是常见的现在进行式(Present Continuous)，是说眼下正在做什么；第二个句子的singing是现在分词(Present Participle)，它把sing这个动词转为形容词，但仍有动词的成份（哈哈，这么一说，要把你搞晕了吧:-) 。

关于分词，以后有空再谈OK？）。

好戏在后头，你看看第三个句子的singing到底是什么东东呀？原来就是我们的主角动名词(Gerund)了！憧矗瑂ing原本是个动词，可是现在它加上ing后，看来竟像是一个名词了。

一、名词性的动名词(Nominal Gerund)Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠词(Definite article，如the)或不定冠词(Indefinite article，如a, an)，其他可加在动名词前的还有如：my, this, some, any, all, no 等等。

举例如下：1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring.(singing前加定冠词the及形容词mellow；coming 前加the)2. We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙声) in the bushes.(rustling 前加不定冠词a及形容词faint)从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词；但它和真正的名词还是有区别的，那就是没有单数或复数之分。

大学英语六级（语法与词汇）练习试卷120(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：7. V ocabulary and GrammarV ocabulary and GrammarDirections: There are some incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1．I didn’t make out what the professor means because his handwriting is so ______.A．eligibleB．illegibleC．knowledgeableD．vague正确答案：B解析：形容词辨义。

这四个选项的词性都是形容词，其中eligible表示“(常与for连用)适合被选的；适任的；合格的”，illegible是指“难辨认的，字迹模糊的”，knowledgeable表示“博学的；有见识的”，vague表示“模糊的，不清楚的；含糊的”。

根据句意，他的书法很难辨认，应该选择B)。

知识模块：语法与词汇2．Such transformation of nouns into verbs became______ in recent year, but it is out of grammer use.A．epidemicB．enthusiasticC．equivalentD．essential正确答案：A解析：题意是：名词变动词的这种转换近年来变得______。

但它不符合语法规则。

[A] epidemic“流行的，流传极广的”，符合题意。

[B] enthusiastic“热心的，极感兴趣的”，[C] equivalent“相等的，等价的”，[D] essential“必不可少的”都不符合题意。

⼤学英语词汇与语法练习7：状语从句专项练习题—答案（可编辑修改word版）练习7：状语从句专项练习题I.Multiple Choice1.you return the dictionary to the library immediately, you will be fined.A.IfB. UntilC. ProvidedD. Unless答案：D解析：句意为“除⾮你马上把字典还回图书馆，否则你会被罚款。

”unless 相当于if …not，换⾔之，“如果你不马上把字典还回图书馆，你就要被罚款。

”2.difficulties they may come across, they will help one another to get over them.A.HoweverB. WhateverC. WhicheverD. Since答案：B解析：句意为“不论他们会遇到什么困难，他们会相互帮助去克服的。

”whatever——不论什么，⽤来指代尚未发⽣的未知的事物。

⽐较，whichever——不论哪⼀个，⽤来指代已知多个事物中的任何⼀个。

3.little we may like it, old age comes to most of us.A.SoB. SinceC. HoweverD. Despite答案：C解析：句意为“不论我们多么不喜欢它，⽼年会降临到我们⼤部分⼈⾝上。

”However，副词，⽤来修饰形容词或副词，本句中修饰little (adv.)，表⽰喜欢的程度。

所给选项中despite 不引起从句。

4.he had knowledge of Spanish, he still attended the training course.A.Bur forB. So long asC. AlthoughD. In spite答案：C解析：句意为“尽管他了解西班⽛语知识，他仍然参加了培训课程。

非谓语动词非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要概念，指的是在句子中不能单独作谓语，但又具有动词特征的动词形式。

一、种类非谓语动词主要包括三种形式：不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）和分词（Participle）。

1.不定式基本形式是“to + 动词原形”（有时可省略to），例如“to study”、“to play”等。

它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语等成分。

To see is to believe.（作主语和表语）I want to learn English.（作宾语）2.动名词形式上是动词原形加-ing，和现在分词的形式一样，如“swimming”、“reading”等。

动名词在句中主要起名词的作用，可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。

Swimming is my favorite sport.（作主语）I enjoy reading books.（作宾语）3.分词现在分词：也是动词原形加-ing，它既有动词特征，又有形容词和副词特征，可作定语、状语、表语和补足语。

The running boy is my brother.（作定语）Hearing the news, she couldn’t help crying.（作状语）过去分词：通常是动词原形加-ed（规则变化）或有其特殊的不规则变化形式，如“broken”、“written”等。

过去分词常表示被动或完成的意义，同样能充当定语、状语、表语和补足语等成分。

The broken cup is on the table.（作定语）Given more time, I can do it better.（作状语）二、用法区别1.作主语时不定式作主语常表示具体的某一次动作或行为，常用“It + be + 形容词+ (for/of sb.) + to do sth.”这样的结构，It is important for us to learn English well.动名词作主语往往表示抽象的、一般性的行为或概念。

英语专业四级语法练习题（附答案详解）英语专业四级语法练习题than1.Mary is _______ than Alice. (1992)A. more experienced a teacherB. a more experienced teacherC. more an experienced teacherD. more experienced teacher2._______ the two, Bob is ________ student. (1995)A. Of, more diligentB. In, more diligentC. Of, the more diligentD. In, the more diligent3.Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than _______ Eastern Nebraska. (1996)A. inB. it receives inC. doesD. it does in4.The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great more luxurious than _______. (1998)A. is necessaryB. being necessaryC. to be necessaryD. it is necessary5.There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than ______ in thepublic mind today. (1999)A. existsB. existC. existingD. to exist6.The experiment requires more money than _______. (2002)A. have been put inB. being put inC. has been put inD. to be put in7.The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, _______ to thetruck. (2003)A. the greater stress isB. greater is the stressC. the stress is greaterD. the greater the stressas8.Some dieters find that after their dieting is over, they ate twice _______ they did before theirdiet. (1993)A. more thanB. as many asC. much thanD. as much as/doc/fe8825904.html,nguage belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner ___ to the professor. (1998)A. as far asB. the same asC. as much asD. as long as10.She did her work ______ her manager had instructed. (2002)A. asB. untilC. whenD. though11.The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ______ by hislack of talent. (2004)A. so much asB. rather thanC. asD. than12.His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting. (2005)A. so as toB. such as toC. such toD. as much as toA is toB whatC is to D13.Twelve is to three _______ four is to one. (1998)A. whatB. asC. thatD. like14.Intellect is to the mind ______ sight is to the body. (2001)A. whatB. asC. that15.John is _______ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam. (1998)A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. no so16.Fat cannot change into muscle _______ muscle changes into fat. (1999)A. any more thanB. no more thanC. no less thanD. much more thanas / though / much as17.David Singer, my friend’s father, ______ raised and educated in New York, lived and lecturedin Africa most of his life. (1993)A. whoB. ifC. whileD. though18.______ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank. (1998)A. Much asB. Much thoughC. As muchD. Though much19.Fool _____ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing. (2002)A. whoC. thatD. like20.______ I like economics, I like sociology much better. (2003)A. As much asB. So muchC. How muchD. Much as21.______, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class. (2005)A. Although he is a socialistB. Even if he is a socialistC. Being a socialistD. Since he is a socialist定语从句22.Above the trees are the hills, ________ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.(2003)A. whereB. of whoseC. whoseD. which23.Only take such clothes _______ really necessary. (1994)A. as wereB. as they areC. as they wereD. as are24.______ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussionproduced no concrete proposals. (1994)A. ThatB. ItC. ThisD. As25.This company has now introduced a policy _____ pay rises are related to performance at work.(1996)A. whichB. whereC. whetherD. what26.The Physicist has made a discovery, _______ of great importance to the progress of science andtechnology. (1997)A. I think which isB. that I think isC. which I think isD. which I think it is27.I have never been to London, but that is the city ______. (1997)A. where I like to visit mostB. I’d most like to visitC. which I like to visit mostlyD. where I’d like most to visit28.She remembered several occasions in the past ___ she had experienced a similar feeling. (98)A. whichB. beforeC. thatD. when29.I’ve never been to Lhasa, but that’s the city ______. (1999)A. I’d most like to visitB. which I like to visit mostlyC. where I like to visitD. I’d like much to visit30.Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff ______ is needed for qualitycontrol can be substantially reduced. (2000)A. whoseB. asC. whatD. that31.We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ______ should make greatdifferences in our life next summer. (2002)A. whichB. whatC. thatD. they32.They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, ______is something we had not expected. (2003)A. whichB. itC. thatD. what名词性从句33.We can assign the task to ______ is capable and trustworthy. (1994)A. whomeverB. whoC. whomD. whoever34.The team can handle whatever _____. (1997)A. that needs handlingB. which needs handlingC. it needs handlingD. needs to be handled35.After __ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager’s office. (99)A. thatB. thereC. whatD. it36.Have you ever been in a situation _____ you know the other person is right yet you cannotagree with him? (2002)A. by whichB. thatC. in whereD. where非限定动词（不定式、动名词、分词）37.____ is not a serious disadvantage in life. (2001)A. To be not tallB. Not to be tallC. Being not tallD. Not being tall38.This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals _____ inAfrica. (1996)A. huntedB. huntingC. that huntedD. are hunted39.The Clarks haven’t decided yet which hotel ______. (1998)A. to stayB. is to stayC. to stay atD. is for staying40.In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid_____. (1996)A. from being beatenB. being beatenC. beatingD. to be beaten41.He resented _____ to wait. He expected the minister _____ him at once. (1995)A. to be asked, to seeB. being asked, to seeC. to be asked, seeingD. being asked, seeing42.I never regretted _____ the offer, for it was not where my interest lay. (1993)A. not to acceptB. not having acceptedC. having not acceptedD. not accepting43.He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then tohis astonishment, he saw a ropeladder _____ out and three men climbing down it. (1995)A. throwingB. being thrownC. having thrownD. having been thrown44.Professor Johnson is said ____ some significant advance in his research in the past year. (99)A. having madeB. makingC. to have madeD. to make45.AIDS is said _____ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years inthat region. (2002)A. beingB. to beC. to have beenD. having been46.The Minister of Finance is believed _____ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue. (04)A. that he is thinkingB. to be thinkingC. that he is to thinkD. to think47.The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, _____by the police each time. (1999)A. had been capturedB. being always capturedC. only to be capturedD. unfortunately captured48.This missile is designed so that once ______ nothing can be done to retrieve it, (1995)A. firedB. being firedC. they fireD. having fired49.______ , he can now only watch it on TV at home. (1998)A. Obtaining not a ticket for the matchB. Not obtaining a ticket for the matchC. Not having obtained a ticket for the matchD. Not obtained a ticket for the match50.Arriving at the bus stop, ______ waiting there. (1994)A. a lot of people wereB. he found a lot of peopleC. a lot of peopleD. people were found51._____ regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first. (1994)A. Not receivedB. Since receivingC. Having receivedD. Not having received52.__B__ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn’t seem so gloomy. (2000)A. LookingB. LookedC. Having lookedD. To look53.There __ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. (2000)A. to beB. to have beenC. beingD. be54._____ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his room. (1996)A. There wasB. SinceC. BeingD. There being55.The country’s chief exports are coal, cars a nd cotton goods, cars _____ the most important ofthese. (1994)A. have beenB. areC. beingD. are being56.Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat _____ by far the biggest cereal crop.(2003)A. isB. beenC. beD. being57.If not _____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles allthe time. (2004)A. being treatedB. treatedC. be treatedD. having been treated58.Time _____, the celebration will be held as scheduled. (2003)A. permitB. permittingC. permittedD. permits虚拟语气59._____ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. (2002)A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not60.If you have really been studying English for so long, it’s about time you _____ able to writeletters in English. (1999)A. should beB. wereC. must beD. are61._____, I’ll marry him all the same. (2004)A. Was he rich or poorB. Whether rich or poorC. were he rich or poorD. Be he rich or poor62.If your car _____ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. (98)A. shall needB. should needC. would needD. will need63.It is imperative that students _____ their term papers on time. (2004)A. hand inB. would hand inC. have to hand inD. handed in64.If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much betterthan I can. (2005)A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were情态动词65.You ______ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business. (2004)A. needn’t have toldB. needn’t tellC. mustn’t have toldD. mustn’t tell66.He ______ the 8:20 bus because he didn’t leave home till 8:25. (1994)A. couldn’t have caughtB. ought to have caughtC. shouldn’t have caughtD. must not have caught67.He _____ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful. (1999)A. may have actedB. must have actedC. should actD. would act时态68.How can I ever concentrate if you _____ continually ____ me with silly questions? (97)A. have … interruptedB. had … interruptedC. are … interruptingD. were … interrupting/doc/fe8825904.html,e and see me whenever ______. (97)A. you are convenientB. you will be convenientC. it is convenient to youD. it will be convenient to you70.For some time now, world leaders __ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction. (02)A. had been pointingB. have been pointingC. were pointingD. pointed71.Jack _____from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety. (03)A. has been missingB. has been missedC. had been missingD. was missed72._________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.(05)A. I was and always will beB. I have to be and always will beC. I had been and always will beD. I have been and always will be73.So badly _____ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months. (94)A. did he injureB. injured himC. was he injuredD. he was injured74.He is not under arrest, ______ any restriction on him. (95)A. or the police have placedB. or have the police placedC. nor the police have placedD. nor have the police placed75.___ both sides accept the agreement ___ a lasting peace be established in this region. (04)A. Only if, willB. If only, wouldC. Should, willD. Unless, would反意疑问句76.A hibernating animal needs hardly any food all through the winter, _____? (92)A. need itB. needn’t itC. does itD. doesn’t it77.You and I could hardly understand, ______? (95)A. could IB. couldn’t youC. couldn’t weD. could we78.When you have finished with that video tape, don’t forget to put it in my drawer, ___? (97)A. do youB. will youC. don’t youD. won’t you79.Do help yourself to some fruit, _____ you? (00)A. can’tB. don’tC. wouldn’tD. won’t80.She would have been more agreeable if she had changeda little bit, _____? (03)A. hadn’t sheB. hasn’t sheC. wouldn’t sheD. didn’t she1．an experienced teacher, 比较级加在形容词前，因此B。

英语语法练习题30 道（附答案详解）1. I have book. It's very interesting.A. aB. anC. theD. /答案：A解析：a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an 用于元音音素开头的单词前，the 表示特指。

book 是辅音音素开头，且这里不是特指，所以选A。

2. There is apple on the table.A. aB. anC. theD. /答案：B解析：apple 是元音音素开头，不是特指，所以选B。

3. The boy is reading English book.A. aB. anC. theD. /答案：B解析：English 是元音音素开头，这里不是特指，所以选B。

4. I go to school by bus.A. aB. anC. theD. /答案：D解析：go to school 是固定搭配，中间不加冠词。

5. He is playing basketball.A. aB. anC. theD. /答案：D解析：play basketball 是固定搭配，中间不加冠词。

6. I have beautiful flower.A. aB. anC. theD. /答案：A解析：beautiful 是辅音音素开头，不是特指，所以选A。

7. There is old man in the park.A. aB. anC. theD. /答案：B解析：old 是元音音素开头，不是特指，所以选B。

8. She is wearing hat.A. aB. anC. theD. /答案：A解析：hat 是辅音音素开头，不是特指，所以选A。

9. I have pen and pencil.A. a; aB. an; anC. a; anD. an; a答案：A解析：pen 和pencil 都是辅音音素开头，不是特指，所以都选A。

10. There are many in the park.A. peopleB. peoplesC. a peopleD. an people答案：A解析：people 表示“人”时，本身就是复数形式，不能加s 或用a/an 修饰，所以选A。

Exercise I：冠词I. Choices.1.She looks best in ____ of that colour.a. dressingb. a dressc. dressd. the dress2.They come to see us at least ____.a. once the yearb. once a yearc. one time the yeard. one time in one year3.“These shirts suit you.”“Whould you please show me ____?”a. white one’sb. white onec. the white oned. one the white4.Does Louisa like ____ ?a. playing violinb. to play violinc. playing the violind. to playing violin5.The workers in this factory are paid ____.a. by an hourb. by the hourc. by hoursd. by hour6.____ found four-leaf clover(车轴草) is considered a lucky sign.a. Rarelyb. It is rarelyc. The rarelyd. Despite its being rarely7.____ to be taken good care of.a. Young areb. Young isc. The young isd. The young are8.The canal extends five hundred miles____.a. from south to northb. from the south to the northc. from the south to northd. from southern to northernter, the chance to enter ____ came and he took it.a. into collegeb. to collegec. into the colleged. college10.Have you ever sailed across____ Channel?a. Englishb. an Englishc. the Englishd. England11.This is ____ Nanjing.a. second time I have been tob. the second time of my beingc. the second time I have beend. the second time I have been to12.My neighbour is a photographer; let’s ask him for ____ about color films.a. some advicesb. advicec. the adviced. an advice13.I had ____ very bad night, I didn't sleep ____ wink.a. a…theb. the …ac. a … ad. __…__14.you will get ____ shock if you touch ____ live wire with that screwdriver.a. a …__b. __…__c. a … thed. __ … the15.Now I’m on ____ diet. I’m trying to lose ____ weight.a. a …__b. the …ac. __ … thed. a … a16.He looked at me with ____ horror when I explained that I was ____ double agent.a. __ … ab. the … __c. a …__d. a … a17.I want an assistant with ____ little knowledge of French and ____ experience of office routine.a. the … ab. the … anc. a … __d. a … an18.You mean you had ____ nightmare. Anyway, dinosaur didn’t eat ____ meat.a. __ … __b. a …__c. __ … ad. the … a19.____ Mr. Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He wasin ____ very bad temper.a. __ … ab. a … __c. the … thed. a … a20.I probably know him ____ but not ____.a. by the sight… by name c. by a sight … by nameb. by sight … by name d. by the sight … by the nameII. Correct errors, if any, in the following sentences:1.He expected his orders to be carried out on spot.2.The mountain was covered with trees from the top to the bottom.3.We have some new goods on the hand.4.In those days Father was fighting at front5.Mary can speak French in fashion.6.The children have taken fancy to their nurses.7.You can approach my secretary in the case of need.8.The new musical comedy took a fancy of the public.9.Every time I was in a trouble, my husband would not lend the land.10.He flew into a rage, and common sense went by board.11.There are shops within the reach of the house.12.Put these books on the top of the others.13.Nobody was allowed to eat out. In case of Jones an exception was made.14.Margaret’s excellent performance left all the other girls in shade.15.Her husband’s absence left her completely at loss when the accident happened.16.They are in the possession of a large amount of new information.17.Before the land reform more than 70% of China’s arable land was in possession of the landlords.18.He kept his invention under the cover until it was patented.19.Don’t burn the daylight about it; we have short time to spare.20.We have to leave for America at a short notice.Exercise II: 名词I.Choices:1.That fellow is clever; he has ____.a. brainb. a brainc. the braind. brains2.My father never gave me____.a. many adviceb. much advicec. many advicesd. a lot of advices3.You will see ____ in the hills.a. a few fine sceneriesb. few fine sceneriesc. many fine sceneriesd. much fine scenery4.What he told us about the affair simply doesn’t make any ____ .a. ideab. meaningc. sensed. significance5.We don’t h ave ____ tonight.a. many homeworksb. much homeworksc. many homeworkd. much homework6.Dr. Jones ordered ____ for the laboratory.a. two equipmentsb. two pieces of equipmentsc. two pieces of equipmentd. two equipment pieces.7.“ Why couldn’t they catch the 6:30 train?”“ Because they were delayed by ____.”a. some heavy trafficsb. any heavy trafficc. a heavy trafficd. heavy traffic8.____ is a well-informed man.a. This John’s old friendb. That’s John’s old friendc. This old friend of Johnd. This old friend of John’s9.Hatred and misunderstanding between communities ____ which we can no longer afford.a. are lazy and primitive feelingsb. is lazy and primitive feelingc. are lazy and primitive feelingd. is lazy and primitive feeling.10.Julie went to the ____ to buy a pair of shoes.a. shoes storeb. shoe’s storec. shoe stored. shoes’ store11.As a safety precaution, all city cab drivers carry only enough money to make change for a ____ bill.a. ten-dollarb. ten-dollarsc. tens-dollard. ten-dollar’s12.He invited all his ____ to attend his wedding party.a. comrades-in-armsb. comrades-in-armc. comrade-in-armsd. comrades-ins-arms13.That farmer raises ____ on his farm.a. geeseb. goosesc. goosed. geeses14.The Nazi kept those ____ in their concentration camps.a. prisoner-of-warsb. prisoners-of-warsc. prisoners-of-ward. prisoner-of-war15.He lost his ____ when the policeman stopped him.a. languageb. spiritc. characterd. temper16.In ten year’s time, all those youngst ers will become ____.a. grown-upsb. growns-upc. growns-upsd. grown-up17.Electronics ____ rapidly in the last decade.a. advanceb. has advancedc. have advancedd. advances18.The Colonel reported to the ____ office.a. chief-of-staff’sb. chief’s-of-staff’sc. chiefs-of-staffd. chief-of-staffs’s19.Sending ____ “special delivery” costs about fifteen times as much as sending it “regular delivery.”a. mailsb. a piece of mailc. a maild. pieces of mail20.Could you please tell me the ____ for Biology 457 and Chemistry 610.a. room’s numbersb. room numbersc. rooms numbersd. numbers of rooms21.Recently, he has lost all his ____ at cards.a. wage and savingb. wages and saving.c. wage and savingsd. wages and savings22.Acoustics ____ one of the oldest of the physical sciences..a. areb. isc. asd. being23.“Where is my cap?”“It’s on the ____.”a. kitchen counterb. kitchen’s counterc. counter kitchend. counter of kitchen24.“What did you buy at the market?”“a quart of milk, two pounds of steak, and four ____ .”a. corn’s earsb. ears of cornc. corn earsd. ears of corns25.The newly-built library is a ____ building.a. five-storeyb. five storeysc. five-storey’sd. five storeys’26.All the ____ in the hospital will get a rise tomorrow.a. women-doctorsb. woman doctorsc. women doctorsd. doctors of women27.I want ____ .a. a dollar worth candyb. candy a dollar’s worthc. a dollar’s worth of candyd. a dollar worth’s candy28.The ____ have hurt their ____, and cannot draw the plough.a. oxen/hoofsb. oxen/hoovesc. cows/hoofsd. cows/ hooves29.It is a thousand ____ .a. pityb. pitysc. pitiesd. pitis30.At present time, people have a trend to live in the ____.a. suburbb. suburbsc. garbd. outskirt31.She forgave him ____.a. for goodness’s sakeb. for Jesus’s sakec. for goodness’ saked. for conscience’s sake32.Is this ____ voice that we hear?a. a boy or a girl’sb. a boy’s or a girl’sc. a boy’s or a girld. of a boy or a girl33.He is a friend ____.a. of my fatherb. my father’sc. of my father’sd. my father’s friend34.Don’t we meet at ____?a. Smith ofb. Mr. Smiths’c. Smith’sd. Smith’35.Are you going to ____?a. concert of this afternoonb. this afternoon’s concertc. the concert of afternoond. this afternoon concert.II.There is an error in each of the following sentences. Please pick it out.1.The architect must be both a scientist and artistic.A B C D2.John Ransom’s poetry reflects with sophisticated wit and irony the popular thematicA B C Dof Southern decadence.3.It is usually argued that the earliest influences exerted upon children will mostA Blikely have the strongest effectiveness on their personalities.C D4.Fireworks, which originated century ago in China, were brought to Europe byA B C DMarco Polo.5.The major works of Roman square sculpture was created near the end of theA B Celeventh century.D6.This article deals with the natural phenomenon which are most interesting toA B Ceveryone.D7.Children less than five years old has emotional needs that only loving parents canA B C D fill.8.Alexander Graham Bell received a patent in 1880 for the ideas of using light toA B Crelay sound via a telephone.D9.D. H. Lawrence said that the working population of our industrial cities are like theA Bslave populations of the ancient empires.C D10.Before the Automobile, the horse-drawn carriage was the primary mean of privateA B C D transportation.11.His contention is that clothes does not make the man; consequently, I don’t seeA B Chow you can convince him to buy that new suit.DExercise III：形容词、副词I. Choices.1. No one imagined that the apparently ____ businessman was really a criminal.a. respectfulb. respectivec. respectabled. reverent2. The ____ difficulties of the country will not diminish unless inexpensive fertilizers can be widely distributed.a. economicsb. economicc. economyd. economical3. We believe that the younger generation will prove ____ of out trust.a. worthb. worthlessc. worthyd. worthwhile4. A laser beam can be turned into a ____ weapon.a. deadb. dyingc. deathlyd. deadly5. Henry was not paid because he was the ____ secretary of the association.a. honourableb. honouredc. honouraryd. honouring6. I was ____ when I learnt that your application for the post of secretary had been unsuccessful.a. regrettableb. regrettedc. regretfuld. regrettably7. It was ____ of you not to play the piano while I was having a sleep.a. conservativeb. consideratec. considerabled. consistent8. We had the greatest difficulty ____ getting here in time.a. imaginaryb. imaginativec. immensed. imaginable9. Who is the greatest man____?a. livingb. livec. alived. lively10. We ate in the ____ restaurant.a. new unusual Chineseb. unusual new Chinesec. Chinese new unusuald. new Chinese unusual11. ____ carvings were donated to the museum.a. Original twenty wood Africanb. Twenty original wood Africanc. African twenty original woodd. Twenty original African wood12. There are ____ chairs in the living-room.a. dark three very comfortable blueb. three very blue comfortable darkc. three very comfortable dark blued. very comfortable three dark blue13. It’s quite late now and Mr. White ____ hasn’t left his office.a. stillb. alreadlyc. sinced. yet14. He doesn’t ____ have foreigners in his cafe.a. soonb. seldomc. oftend. sometimes15. The seats in the second plane ____.a. had completely been almost all filledb. has all been almost completely filledc. had almost all been completely filledd. had almost been completely filled all16. ‘It seems to me what they want is reasonable.’‘Don’t doubt it is, and maybe they’d get it if they ____ in a nice way.’a. only asked for itb. for it only askedc. asked only for itd. asked for it only17. Tuition at an American university runs ____ one thousand dollars a semester.a. so high asb. as high toc. as high asd. as high than18. Frank plays ____ Alex.a. a lot more better thanb. much more better thanc. a lot better thand. much more well than19. ‘What do you do when you get a headache?’‘Since i’m allergic to aspirin, I take Tylenol ____.’a. instead ofb. rather thanc. insteadd. rather20. Mrs. Brown told me that she would go ____.a. to downtownb. downtownc. in downtownd. for downtownII. To identify and correct mistakes.1. Of these alternatives I prefer the formal but she prefers the latter.A B C D2. Thomas Jefferson was very ambition and served his country in several differentA B C D capacities.3. Even though she looks very young, she is twice older than my twenty-year-oldA B C Dsiser.4. Modern buttons, unlike early ones, are frequently mass-produced and usually madeA B C D of plastics.5. Music can make an exciting story more exciting, a sad one sad, a happy one gayer.A B C D6. It would be worth to read this book twice.A B C D7. My father-in-law has just recently bought a green new car made in Japan to replaceA B Chis old one.D8. Despite the time of the year, yesterday’s temperature was enough hot to turn onA B C Dthe air conditioning.9. The governor has not decided how to deal with the new problems already.A B C D10. The veterans spent a year in the hospital; consequently they emerged wellA B Centirely.D11. The scientists who are probably mostly interested in flights to the moon areA B C D geologists.12. They went straightly home without stopping at Jim’s for the game ended late.A B C D13. To completely understand the situation requires more thought than he has givenA B Cthus far.D14. As quiet as possible he unfastened the door and went out into the frosty DecemberA B C Dnight.15. In order for one to achieve the desired results in this experiment, it is necessaryA Bthat he work as fastly as possible.C D16. A liter is scientific defined as the volume of one kilogram of water at its maximumA B C Ddensity.17. She spoke with a so strong accent that we hardly understood her.A B C D18. Peter did rather well in the test, but I did rather badly.A B C D19. She speaks always English to her boss while she is in the office.A B C D20. The President returned with only a few vague cultural and scientific agreements.A B C D21. Although Clyde is formally from Pennsylvania, he finds it difficult to get used toA B Cthe cold we are having.D22. The price of gold on the world market has been rising highest each year.A B C DIII. Put in the missing preposition:1. I am grateful ____ you ____ your advice.2. He is critical ____ my work.3. She is jealous ____ her friend’s success.4. I am very much obliged ____ you ____ your help.5. He was found unfit ____ military service.6. He is very much attached ____ his family.7. He was accused ____ stealing a watch.8. He said he was innocent ____ the crime.9. He was found guilty ____ the crime.10. He is absorbed ____ his work.11. We are confident ____ our success.12. I can’t get accustomed ____ driving along the left s ide of the road.13. I am not acquainted ____ him.14. He is generous ____ his money.15. It was very thoughtful ____ you to bring us umbrellas.16. Many people are blind ____ their own faults.IV. To fill the following blanks with these adverbs: away, back, out, about, off. 1. John has taken me ____ twice this week.2. Mary’s ____ and won’t be ____ before 11 o’clock.3. I don’t feel like cooking. Let’s eat ____ tonight.4. Stop ordering me ____. I don’t work for you.5. Please look after the baby when I’m ____.6. We have been invited ____ for dinner.7. When I look____ I can see the mistakes I made in my youth.8. I thought you were still ____. When did you get ____?9. Christmas is a long way ____ still.10. We had five days ____ for the Spring Festival.Exercise IV: 限定词I. Choose an appropriate determiner to fill in each of the blanks:1. Why is there ____ traffic on the streets in February than in May?a. lessb. fewerc. fewd. little2. On account of the typhoon ____ shipment will arrive this week.a. neitherb. allc. bothd. these3. They paid ____ money for the machine than I expected.a. littleb. lessc. muchd. fewer4. There are trees on ____ side of the street.a. such ab. bothc. somed. each5. Have you got ____ copies to go round?a. the otherb. enoughc. a littled. much6. I saw ____ cars outside the building.a. a littleb. anyc. lots ofd. neither7. There’s ____ water in the bottle.a. fewb. a number ofc. plentyd. any8. I’d like ____ paper.a. a fewb. severalc. a bit ofd. these9. There are ____ mistakes in the paper.a. theb. a littlec. muchd. a few10. Do they have ____ air-conditioners for cooling the rooms in summer?a. many ab. enoughc. a great deal ofd. a bit of11. Don’t wo rry about the seats. There are ____ chairs in the room.a. plenty ofb. anyc. bothd. most12. There is ____ iron in this mine than in that one.a. muchb. a great deal ofc. lessd. a lot of13. ____ work has to be done before the plant goes into operation.a. Muchb. Doublec. A number ofd. Neither14. He wrote ____ essays on Victorian novels in his class.a. the nextb. the mostc. the otherd. the more15. The model worker had ____ thought of his own interests.a. the lastb. lessc. the leastd. another16. There must be ____ empty talk but more hard work.a. fewerb. noc. the leastd. another17. He has published _____ short stories in English.a. a great amount ofb. a number ofc. anotherd. many a18. We had ____ rainfalls last summer.a. too muchb. littlec. a littled. only several19. ____ care would have prevented the accident.a. Muchb. Littlec. A littled. A few20. The students spent ____ their time working in the fields.a. bothb. mostc. mored. half21. The additional work will take ____ weeks.a. the otherb. another fivec. other fived. the more22. He did it in ____ time it took me.a. the one-thirdb. half ac. the doubled. one-third the23. I saw ____ boys at the cinema.a. the bothb. many ac. both thed. the several24. ____ candidates are girls.a. Half theb. The halfc. Their halfd. Half a25. He was on leave ____ days.a. the few lastb. few anotherc. few otherd. the last few26. ____ friends usually speak highly of him.a. His someb. His manyc. Many hisd. Some his27. Please serve me ____ soup.a. more someb. the lessc. more thed. some more28. ____ alloy may be used to replace copper.a. Such ab. Some suchc. Such somed. Several such29. Please send ____ samples to London by air.a. these enoughb. five thesec. enough thesed. these five30. Are you going to buy ____ rice?a. all theseb. these allc. all thisd. both these31. They want at least ____ salaries.a. their doubleb. double theirc. enough theird. their enough32. ____ dictionary is enough for me.a. Such oneb. One suchc. Such a oned. One such a33. ____ factors should be considered.a. These allb. Such allc. All suchd. Some these34. ____ evenings he did enjoy himself immensely.a. The first fewb. The few firstc. The first somed. Some the first35. ____ meat is tainted.a. That one-thirdb. One-third thatc. Such ad. Few such36. ____ cases have been reported.a. Such fewb. Such somec. Few suchd. Some these37. ____ boys were in the classroom.a. All five otherb. Other allc. All the mored. All the other five38. ____ recommendation has so far been made by the technicians.a. Several suchb. No such ac. Such nod. No such39. They are not likely to agree to ____ propositions.a. other anyb. other allc. all otherd. other these40. He has been staying at home ____ days.a. these all last fewb. these last few allc. all these last fewd. these last all fewII. Correct errors, if any, in the following sentences:1. We have got enough time to read such many novels.2. Both sentences are not correct English.3. He has much more problems than he used to.4. I enjoy both kind, the red wine or the white wine.5. More corn is produced in the United States than in any country in the world.6. The customs officer examined all these luggage at the airport.7. Any nonsense he talked, he fondly hoped we would believe it.8. Linguistics is a scientific study of the language.9. I can’t for all the life remember.10. She has a great many of friends in New York.Exercise V：介词I: Choices.1. Do you know what SOS stands ____?a. upb. forc. asd. by2. Only the people concerned have access ____ the foreign teacher’s class.a. intob. ofc. tod. about3. This film appeals ____ people from all walks of life.a. tob. forc. withd. to4. These iron doors are secure ____ robbery.a. againstb. forc. withd. to5. The woman is waiting ____ common sense.a. onb. inc. withd. from6. He is always thoughtful ____ others.a. aboutb. toc. ofd. with7. Don’t ask the boy to pick up the fruit, it is ____ reach.a. insideb. withinc. out ofd. behind8. On hearing the bad news, she was ____ her wit’s end and didn’t know what to do.a. onb. atc. overd. in9. He is completely occupied ____ money.a. byb. forc. withd. from10. He is exhausted ____ the two-hour trip through the mud.a. byb. fromc. ofd. with11. She failed ____ a narrow margin in the racea. on`b. withc. atd. by12. It was very difficult for him to take a stand ____ the majority.a. forb. inc. againstd. to13. What they are now discussing has little relevance ____ the economic problems.a. withb. toc. aboutd. for14. Contrary ____ all advice, the woman went out during a storm and was struck dead by lightning.a. atb. onc. withd. to15. Her ears are highly sensitive ____ music.a. ofb. withc. byd. to16. A pen can be defined ____ something with which we can write.a. likeb. toc. withd. as17. Foreigners are usually very curious ____ local customs.a. tob. forc. aboutd. as18. I say this in the light ____ the government’s plans for redevelopment.a. ofb. lookingc. fromd. seeing19. A deft puncher____ swift hands, he may be the best all-round fighter.a. withb. byc. ind. of20. Miss Navratilova is sitting in a small room that is temporary headquarters ____ the Virginia Slims people ____ the tournament.a. for...atb. to...inc. for...duringd. to...for21. Some plants lift their leaves up ____ the day.a. fromb. inc. atd. of22. He accused them ____ having broken their word.a. ofb. toc. byd. with23. You should adapt yourself ____ new ways of looking at matters.a. forb. toc. ofd. from24. The boy aims ____ becoming an agriculturist.a. forb. atc. ofd. in25. I shall communicate ____ you again in due course.a. withb. inc. tod. on26. You will be deprived ____ all privileges.a. ofb. fromc. withd. for27. I do wish you wouldn’t interfere ____ me.a. betweenb. withc. throughd. upon28. This model has clear advantage ____ that one.a. ofb. overc. aboved. for29. She made one last appeal ____ her father to forgive her.a. inb. onc. tod. about30. Who is the authority ____ the subject?a. forb. ofc. overd. on31. He is in the habit ____ sleeping after his noon meal.a. ofb. toc. ond. for32. The boss has a very high regard ____ his abilities.a. inb. toc. atd. for33. The little girl is ignorant ____ the first rules of grammar.a. forb. ofc. withd. against34. Not many people are indifferent ____ danger.a. tob. fromc. ofd. at35. His parents encouraged him ____ all his undertakings.a. byb. inc. tod. forII: To identify mistakes.1. Only in the dream world are there moments of desolation or terror that areA Bworse than anything we have known about the sun.C D2. The old fur trapper trapped some animals for which none of us had ever heardA B Cbefore.D3. Now we may be able to say what the difference is among music and noise, orA B C D just sounds.4. But Van Gogh was still uphappy. He longed for days that were always sunny ofA B skies and forever brilliantly blue.C D5. They like to do one thing at one time and something else in another time orA B Cin another way.D6. Passing in by twos and threes, and with different routes, they came togetherA B Cto the market-place at an appointed time.D7. The country is as a scoop of fertile land surrounded on three sides byA Bdeserts and mountains and on the fourth by the Persian Gulf.C D8. In many ways children live, as it were, in a different world with adults.A B C D9. Contrary with what I had expected, he lost for a second time.A B C D10. As a student there, I knew Lloyd Richards to be a dean who was often absentA Bin the school, a stranger to most students.C D11. We can make use of the money only with respect of instructions from theA B C Dmanager.12. Mary’s father approved with her staying in the United States for anotherA B Cyear in order to work toward her M. A.D13. He was a man of fine character in all points for that he was rather timid.A B C D14. Every man and woman eighteen years of age or older is eligible to vote forA B Cthe candidate in his or her choice.D15. The Mediterranean, a large sea surrounded by land, is a mile deep in theA Baverage and more than 2000 miles in length.C DExercise VI：时态I: Choices。

英语语法练习册及答案### English Grammar Workbook and Solutions#### IntroductionGrammar is the backbone of the English language, and mastering it is essential for effective communication. This workbook is designed to help learners of all levels enhance their understanding of English grammar through a variety of exercises and practical applications.#### Chapter 1: Nouns and ArticlesObjective: Understand the function of nouns and the correct use of articles.Exercise 1: Identify the Nouns- In each sentence, underline the nouns.- Example: The cat chased the mouse.Exercise 2: Use the Correct Article- Fill in the blanks with 'a', 'an', or leave it blank if no article is needed.- Example: She bought ___ apple.Solutions:- Exercise 1: cat, mouse.- Exercise 2: an apple.#### Chapter 2: Verbs and TensesObjective: Learn the different tenses and how to conjugate verbs correctly.Exercise 1: Tense Transformation- Rewrite the sentences in the past and future tenses.- Example: She walks to school.Exercise 2: Irregular Verbs- Fill in the blanks with the correct past tense form of the verb.- Example: He ___ (run) a marathon yesterday.Solutions:- Exercise 1: She walked to school. / She will walk to school. - Exercise 2: ran.#### Chapter 3: Adjectives and AdverbsObjective: Distinguish between adjectives and adverbs and use them appropriately.Exercise 1: Adjective or Adverb?- Label each word as 'A' for adjective or 'Ad' for adverb.- Example: She sings beautifully.Exercise 2: Comparative and Superlative Forms- Write the comparative and superlative forms of the given adjectives.- Example: bigSolutions:- Exercise 1: Ad (beautifully)- Exercise 2: Bigger, biggest.#### Chapter 4: PrepositionsObjective: Recognize the correct use of prepositions invarious contexts.Exercise 1: Choose the Right Preposition- Select the appropriate preposition to complete the sentence. - Example: The book is ___ the table.Exercise 2: Prepositional Phrases- Create sentences using the given prepositional phrases.- Example: on the way toSolutions:- Exercise 1: on- Exercise 2: I met my friend on the way to the library.#### Chapter 5: Pronouns and PossessivesObjective: Use pronouns and possessive forms correctly toavoid repetition.Exercise 1: Replace with Pronouns- Replace the nouns with the correct pronouns.- Example: John and Mary went to the store. John and Mary bought some groceries.Exercise 2: Possessive Forms- Rewrite the sentences using possessive forms.- Example: The dog chased its tail.Solutions:- Exercise 1: They went to the store. They bought some groceries.- Exercise 2: The dog chased its tail.#### Chapter 6: Conjunctions and ClausesObjective: Combine ideas using conjunctions and understand the structure of clauses.Exercise 1: Use Conjunctions- Join the two sentences using the appropriate conjunction. - Example: She tried to call him. He didn't answer.Exercise 2: Identify Clauses- Determine if the clause is independent or dependent.- Example: Although it was raining, they went out.Solutions:- Exercise 1: She tried to call him, but he didn't answer. - Exercise 2: Dependent clause (Although it was raining)#### ConclusionThis workbook serves as a comprehensive guide to improving your English grammar skills. Regular practice and review of the exercises and solutions will significantly enhance your language proficiency. Remember, practice makes perfect.*Please note that this workbook is for educational purposes and should be used in conjunction with a structured language learning program.*。

第一单元语法部分参考答案PART III GRAMMARSubject- Verb AgreementWhen the subject is compoundReference for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary:1. A compound subject with and takes a plural verb in most cases, but when itexpresses a singular meaning or when each of the singular subjects is considered individually, it takes a singular verb.2.After a compound subject with or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not …but,theverb agrees in number and person with the nearer part of the subject.3.Intervening phrases or clauses not introduced by coordinating conjunctions do notaffect the number of a verb. Such phrases are normally introduced by prepositions or prepositional phrases such as well as, as much as, rather than, along with in addition to, together with, with, plus, and including.When the subject expresses quantityReference for the Classroom ActivitiesAll the sentences are correct.Summary:1.Nominal phrases of time, money, weight and measurement normally take asingular verb.2.Some words or phrases, such as all, most, alf, the last, the rest, take a singular orplural verb, depending on the meaning of the noun or pronoun that follows.3.Phrases lik e lots of, heaps of , loads of take singular or plural verbs depending onthe form of the nouns that follow.4.In sentences with more than one or many a modifying the subject nouns, the verbshould take a singular form though it is plural in meaning.When the subject is a relative pronoun, a what-clause, or in the there-be structureReference for the Classroom Activitiesa. He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaign pledges.He was the only one of the candidates who was able to carry out his campaign pledgesb. What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.What one thinks and says are not always the same.c. There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden.There are hundreds of applicants on the waiting list for the job.Summary:1.After a relative pronoun (who, which, that), the verb has the same person andnumber as the antecedent. (In the second sentence in Pair a, the antecedent is the only one, not the candidates.)2.After a what-clause, the verb is usually singular,. But if the what-clause is in acompound structure plural in meaning, the verb is in plural form.3.In the there-be structure, the verb is singular or plural depending on the number ofthe subject. The singular there is may be used to introduce a compound subject when the first noun or nominal phrase is singular.OthersReference for the Classroom Activitiesa. Nobody in town admits seeing him.b. Does anyone want to go with me?c. Are any of you going to the exhibition?d. None works/work so hard as he does.e. Books are her chief source of enjoyment.f. The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up the meetingg. The jury is finally complete.h. The jury were divided in their Opinions.i. New York Times is his bible.j. Semantics is the study of meanings.Summary:1.Indefinite pronouns such as anybody, anyone, each, everybody, nobody, no one,and somebody generally require a singular verb.2.The pronouns any and none take either singular or plural verbs.3.The complement of the verb be does not affect its number.4. A collective noun takes a singular verb when the class it names is thought of as aunit, but a plural verb when the members of the class are thought of as individuals.5.Titles of books, magazines, movies, newspapers, plays, and the like take asingular verb.6.Certain nouns which are plural in form but singular in meaning generally take asingular verb. Some of these are physics, mechanics, news, statistics,and whereabouts.PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES1. a. The little boy was chicken-hearted.b. That statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena.c. We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying the breeze coming from the laked. We need to drink the milk before it sours.e. The child had difficulty finding his way to school.f. The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.g. My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h. Our university can accommodate 4,000 students.i. Social custom s vary greatly from country to country.2. The writer's attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences3. (1)experienced (2) elapsed(3)attempting (4) with(5)take up (6) made(7)endeavor (8) true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterestedc. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.d. We must pursue this matter further.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. Al1 the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branchesh. The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i. (correct)j. He was awaked to the risk.5. My sister Lulu accepted a scholarship to study in the UK. She had done very well in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach her a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland. Though she experienced cultural shocks continually, she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. In the proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. and became a person with an alternative cultural identity.6. a. Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.b. The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly.c. Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications.d. Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was/is eager to win the contest.e. Corn bread and milk is a popular breakfast in the rural South.f. The instructor as well as the students was at fault.g. He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest.h. The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the triali. Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on displayj. The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case.k. He believes that athletics improves school morale.l. Up goes the starter's gun, and each of the runners becomes tense.m. Either The Times or The Tribune is a reliable source of news.n. The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines.o. She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.。

第一讲冠词1.表示年代的词前要用定冠词。

2.元音开首的词前要用an。

3.表示“两者之间更……”的形容词要用比较级。

4.the Browns才表示布朗夫妇。

5.用a /an表示“每”。

6.表示一日三餐的名词前通常不用定冠词。

7.knowledge泛指“知识”，为不可数名词，不能加不定冠词，但是当knowledge 指一个人对某一具体事物或具体科学的知识时，可以与不定冠词连用。

8.the true表“真，真的东西”。

9.受到限定的特指名词前要用定冠词。

10.as a result of为固定短语。

11.乐器名词前通常要加定冠词。

12.in the end为惯用短语。

13.抽象名词前通常不用定冠词。

14.表示泛指的复数名词前不用定冠词。

15.为the more ...the more结构。

16.用by表示比率。

17.由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常要用定冠词。

18.乘船、在船上要用on board。

19.take the place of 意为“取代”。

20.in front of 表示“在......的前面”。

21.有后置定语修饰的名词前要用定冠词。

22.表示特指的名词前要用定冠词。

23.by thousands表示“成千成千地，数以千计地”。

24.表示某一个早晨要用不定冠词。

25.on top of为惯用短语，意为“除......之外（还）”。

26.a ride 表示“搭便车”。

27.a Shanghai表示“一个像上海那样的城市，类似上海那样的城市”。

28.on the whole表示“总的来讲”。

29.为让步状语从句的倒装，名词前不用冠词。

30.pat somebody on the head为固定说法。

第二讲数词1.表示确切数字，thousand, hundred用单数。

2.dozen作定语用单数。

3.90s表示年代，前面要加定冠词。

4.用the second one表示已吃过的第二个。

5.表示某世纪要用定冠词。