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2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题 细节推理判断解题典题例举(6页word版)

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2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题 细节推理判断解题典题例举 [典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选) Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. ... 28．What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times? A．They developed very fast. B．They were large in number. C．They had similar patterns. D．They were closely connected. [解析] 选B 根据本段最后一句“Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”可推知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言种类却很多，故选B。 [干扰项分析] 根据选段第二句可知，在狩猎时代，小的紧密联系的群体发展了各自独立的语言，故C、D两项错误；根据本段内容可知，文中未提及狩猎时代语言的发展速度，可排除A项。 [增分技巧] 细节推断题考查的内容虽然也属于原文细节，但它要求考生在原文的基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解、推断，立足于由已知推断未知。 解答这类题的一般步骤是： (1)定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点； (2)字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意思； (3)深层理解：结合语境和常识，在理解字面意思的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。 细节推断题的答案不能在文章中直接找到，但推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推理的依据，进行正向或逆向思维，推断出隐含的深层含义，推断时要做到判断有据，推论有理。切忌主观臆断、过度推断、错误推断和以细节代替推断。

训练目标(一) 对点练——攻克失分短板 A(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D节选) We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style.That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. ... 32. What does the author think of new devices? A．They are environmentfriendly. B．They are no better than the old. C．They cost more to use at home. D．They go out of style quickly. 解析：选A 根据选段最后一句中的“these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things”可知，这些过时的设备比那些做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能源，由此可推知新的设备更节能、更环保。 B(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C节选) ... When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of ereaders and tablets on reading.It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. ... 30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading? A．Ebooks are of poor quality. B．It could be a waste of time. C．It may harm children’s health. D．Ereaders are expensive. 解析：选C 根据选段最后一句中的“many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time”可知，许多家长仍然限制孩子阅读电子读物的原因，主要是担心孩子看电子屏幕时间增加，也就是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选C。 C(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读B节选) I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.However, when it works, it is simply beautiful. ... 24．What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1? A．Efforts made in vain. B．Getting injured in his work. C．Feeling uncertain about his future. D．Creatures forced out of their homes. 解析：选A 根据选段的“Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.”可知，救助一些受伤、流离失所或病残的动物有时是令人心碎的，因为不能保证野生动物会存活下去，由此可推断作者的救助有时是徒劳的。故选A。 D(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选) ... Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran. ... 30．What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz? A．It will disappear gradually. B．It remains black and white. C．It should keep up with the times. D．It changes every 50 years. 解析：选C 根据选段内容尤其是“It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same”可推知，由于时代在改变，人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变，所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变，才能吸引更多的听众。 高考真题链接 When I was in elementary school my parents would give me a dollar if

I received an A in “Behavior” on our quarterly report cards.They didn’t pay for good academic grades, although it was clear that they expected my very best effort.If that best effort resulted in a B instead of an A in a particular subject, that was OK.But anything less than an A in Behavior was inexcusable. When I became a parent, I thought about this practice a lot, particularly around the arrival of my kids’ report cards.Never completely understanding my parents’ practice and feeling funny about rewarding good behavior with cash, I decided not to pay my kids for good conduct or for good academic grades.But results of a recent study from the Harvard Graduate School of Education made me think harder about what, exactly, my parents may have been trying to accomplish.

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2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题文章主旨大意类型典题例举(5页word版)

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题文章主旨大意类型典题例举(5页word版)

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题文章主旨大意类型典题例举[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick, at random,Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a questionmark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.31.What is the main idea of the text?A．New languages will be created.B．People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.C．Human development results in fewer languages.D．Geography determines language evolution.[解析] 选C 第一段说明语言已有几千年的历史，但有一些语言正在消失；第二段说明随着人类社会的发展，语言变得更少；第三段说明语言的分布是不均匀的；第四段介绍了超过400种语言正面临消亡的威胁。

2019届二轮复习 阅读理解说明文类型(10篇)训练之一((20页word版答案含有解析)

2019届二轮复习 阅读理解说明文类型(10篇)训练之一((20页word版答案含有解析)

2019届二轮复习阅读理解说明文类型10篇训练之一[一]You can't walk into the office without Rihanna's voice singing “work work work work work work” in your head.And that one line from Lady Gaga's Bad Romance still makes you want to scream.These are commonly known as earworm songs—those sticky tunes that continue to play in your head.A recent study finds that more than 90% of adults report hearing earworm songs on a weekly basis.Fortunately，most people report earworm songs as pleasant.But others find them annoying or even maddening.“Some people are troubled by them to the point that it disturbs life，” says Elizabeth Hellmuth Margulis，a professor at the University of Arkansas who has studied earworm songs.Margulis says earworm songs tend to have some predictable characteristics.For one thing，they tend to small parts of a song—not the whole track.And “the songs you've heard recently also have the most possibility to get stuck in your memory，” she says.But sometimes something strange and unpredictable can also start a track paying in your head.“Once I was at the doctor's office and saw a poster of a man who I thought looked like Gaston—a character from Beauty and the Beast，” Margulis recalls.A couple minutes passed，and she realized she couldn't get Be Our Guest，the song in the movie，out of her head，even though she hadn't thought of the tune in years.In that instance，she was able to identify her earworm's trigger：the Gaston­looking man in the poster.“But the connections can be really unclear，” she says.Margulis points out that，in all of human history，recorded music is a very new phenomenon.She says some have inferred that earworm songs are also new—the unintended consequence of being able to hear the same song played everywhere in the same way over and over again.So far，the convincingexplanation for why human beings experience earworm songs remains a mystery.But there are some well­established ways to cast off the earworm songs.“Finding a mentally demanding task and putting your mind on it usually shifts attention away from internal music.People tend to get earworms when performing tasks that don't require their full attention—stuff like doing the dishes，” Margulis says.Chewing gum can also help.When a song is stuck in our heads，it's almost like we're singing along with it.If you make your mouth do something else—chewing gum，eating a meal or talking with a friend—that can kick out the earworm.You could also face your enemy.By listening to the full track that includes the passage stuck in your head，you may find “closure” and relief.28．Which of the following is most likely to be an earworm song?A．A song made up of simple words.B．A song heard frequently these days.C．A song sung by a most famous singer.D．A song learned during one's childhood.29．What does t he underlined word “trigger” in Paragraph 4 mean?A．Type. B．Tune.C．Cause. D．Characteristic.30．We can infer that earworm songs may ．A．result from modern technologyB．be experienced over mealsC．help regain lost memoriesD．hurt one's hearing31．What is mainly talked about in the last three paragraphs?A．Why we hear earworm songs.B．Where to find earworm songs.C．When we hear earworm songs.D．How to get over earworm songs.【语篇解读】耳朵虫歌曲，即歌曲的某个片段不由自主地反复在脑子里出现且不受控制的现象。

江苏专用2019高考英语二轮培优复习 专题三 阅读理解 第一讲 细节理解题习题.doc

江苏专用2019高考英语二轮培优复习 专题三 阅读理解 第一讲 细节理解题习题.doc

第一讲│ 细节理解题一、题型解读细节理解题考查考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解。

所谓细节理解题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述进行发问。

常见的设题形式：抓住文章中的事实和细节是做好该类题的关键。

解题原则是忠实于原文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。

此类题我们可以采用照题查阅法快速找出原文信息，然后仔细比对选项，从而选出正确答案。

二、设问方式细节理解题几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息。

常见的命题方式有：1.特殊疑问句形式。

以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many 等疑问词开头引出的问题。

2.判断是非的形式。

含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true或EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题。

此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。

3.以“According to...”开头的提问形式。

4.填空形式。

如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from ________.此类题目相对简单，只要考生认真细心，得分就会比较容易。

三、选项特征1.正确选项的特征(1)同义替换。

对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。

如把lose one’s job换成了be out of work。

有时候词性或者语态有所变化。

把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important改成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，即主动语态与被动语态的转换。

(2)语言简化。

把原文中的复杂语言进行简化，设置为答案。

(3)正话反说。

把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。

2.干扰选项的特征(1)张冠李戴。

是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。

(2)无中生有。

符合常识，但不是文章的内容。

(3)曲解文意。

与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。

(4)颠倒是非。

在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。

(5)正误参半。

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题 细节理解类试题解题指导学案(28页word版)

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题 细节理解类试题解题指导学案(28页word版)

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题细节理解类试题解题指导学案真题验证题组一A(2017·全国Ⅱ，A) In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare's plays in their own language, in our Globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. Please come and join us.National Theatre of China Beijing| ChineseThis great occasion(盛会)will be the National Theatre of China's first visit to the UK. The company's productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeare's RichardⅢwill be directed by the National's Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying.Date & Time：Saturday 28 April, 2.30pm & Sunday 29 April, 1.30pm & 6.30pmMarjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi| GeorgianOne of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded in 1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed (指导)by the company's Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.Date & Time：Friday 18 May, 2.30pm & Saturday 19 May, 7.30pmDeafinitely Theatre London I British Sign Language(BSL)By translating the rich and humourous text of Love's Labour's Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare's comedy and aims to build a bridge betweendeaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.Date & Time: Tuesday 22 May, 2.30pm & Wednesday 23 May, 7.30pmHabima National Theatre Tel Aviv|HebrewThe Habima is the centre of Hebrew－language theatre worldwide. Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s. Since 1958, they have been recognised as the national theatre of Israel. This production of Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.Date & Time：Monday 28 May, 7.30pm & Tuesday 29 May, 7.30pm文章大意：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了全球的艺术家将聚集到一起用他们自己的语言表演莎士比亚的戏剧的相关内容。