阿什河流域非点源污染与土地利用关联解析
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Receiveddate:2015 ̄04 ̄16Foundationitems:NationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.51179041)ꎻtheMajorScienceandTechnologyProgramforWaterPollutionControlandTreatmentꎬChina(No.2013ZX07201007)ꎻNaturalScienceFoundationofHeilongjiangProvinceꎬChina(No.E201206)ꎻSpecialFundforScienceandTechnologyInnovationofHarbinꎬChina(No.2012RFLXS026)ꎻtheStateKeyLabofUrbanWaterResourceandEnvironment(HarbinInstituteofTechnology)ꎬChina(No.2014TS05)∗CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoWANGLiꎬE ̄mail:wli@hit.edu.cnAnalysisoftheRelationshipbetweenLanduseandNon ̄pointSourcePollutioninAshiRiverBasin
MAFang(马 放)1ꎬ2ꎬJIANGXiao ̄feng(姜晓峰)1ꎬ2ꎬWANGLi(王 立)1ꎬ2∗ꎬLIZhe(李 哲)1ꎬ2ꎬLIANGXiong ̄wei(梁雄伟)1ꎬ21StateKeyLaboratoryofUrbanWaterResourceandEnvironmentꎬHarbinInstituteofTechnologyꎬHarbin150090ꎬChina2HITYixingAcademyofEnvironmentalProtectionꎬYixing214205ꎬChina
Abstract:Landuseisoneofthemostinfluentialfactorsofnon ̄pointsourcepollution.Basedonthethree ̄yearlandusedata(2000ꎬ2005and2008)ꎬArcGISandFragstatwereusedtoanalyzethelandusetypeandthechangeoflandscapepattern.Therelationshipsbetweenlanduseandnon ̄pointsource ̄totalnitrogen(NPS ̄TN)andnon ̄pointsource ̄totalphosphorus(NPS ̄TP)werediscussedwiththemethodsofspatiallystatisticalanalysisꎬlandscapepatternanalysisandprincipalcomponentanalysis.Thestudyresultsconveyedthatagriculturallandandforestlandꎬwhichaccountedforover92%ofthestudyareaꎬwerethemajorlandusetypeofAshiRiverBasin.MeanwhileꎬtheNPSpollutionhadcloseconnectionswithlandusetypeandlandscapepattern.WhenitcomestolandusetypeꎬtheexportrisksofNPS ̄TNandNPS ̄TPwereagriculturalland>urbanland>grassland>forestland.AsforlandscapepatternꎬNPS ̄TNandNPS ̄TPwerepositivelyrelatedtoSHDIandSHEIꎬwhilenegativelyconnectedwithLPIꎬAIandCOHESION.ThereforeꎬthestudycouldreachtheconclusionthatthemorefragmentedandcomplicatedthelandscapepatternswereꎬthemoreserioustheNPSpollutionwas.Keywords:soilandwaterassessmenttool(SWAT)modelꎻnon ̄pointsource(NPS)ꎻlandusetypeꎻlandscapepatternꎻAshiRiverBasin CLCnumber:X522 Documentcode:AArticleID:1672 ̄5220(2016)01 ̄0025 ̄07
Introduction
Nowadaysꎬtheroleofnon ̄pointsource(NPS)pollutionwhichplayedduringtheprocessofwaterqualitydeteriorationhasattractedmoreandmoreattentionworldwide.SomeresearchesindicatedthatNPSpollutionhadbeenthemainpollutionsourceofwaterqualitydeteriorationinsomebasins[12].LandusewasconsideredasavitallyinfluentialfactorofNPSpollution[34].DifferentlandusetypesinfluencetheyieldofNPSpollutionꎬrunoffprocessandpollutantinterceptionprocesssignificantly[56].Castilloetal.[7]foundthatthenitrogenduringtherunoffprocesshadacloseconnectionwiththeratiosofforestandagriculturalland.Ahearnetal.[8]foundthatlanduseandlandcoverwerecorrelatedtonitrate ̄Nandtotalsuspendedsolidsload.TheNPSloadmaybedifferentevenunderthesamelandusetypeandinthesamestudyarea.Inrecentyearsꎬresearcherspaidmoreattentiontothewaterqualitywhichwasinfluencedbylandscapepattern[9].AmiriandNakane[10]studied21watershedsofChugoku(Japan)withamultiplelinearregressionmodelꎬandtheresultsshowedthatdifferentlandscapepatternsinfluenceddissolvedoxygenꎬpHandphosphorusremarkably.Thesestudieswerebasedonmonitoringoftypicalregionsandexportcoefficientmethod.Theyallbelongedtoblack ̄boxmodelessentially.Inthisstudyꎬeffortswereusedtoadoptaphysicalmodelcombinedwithastatisticalmethodꎬwhichwasthebasetodiscusstherelationshipbetweenlanduseandnon ̄pointpollution.AshiRiverBasinwasselectedasthestudyarea.ReviewingthepreviousstudiesonAshiRiverBasinꎬdistinguishedscholarshadmadegreateffortstohandlethepointsource(PS)pollution.WiththestrengtheningofgovernmentsupervisionandtheeffectivecontrolofPSpollutionꎬtheNPSpollutionproblemappeared[11].ThereforeꎬthestudyofNPSpollutionꎬtosomeextentꎬisexceedinglysignificantforthescientificlandusemanagementofAshiRiverBasin.Inthepastfewdecadesꎬwiththerapidprogressofcomputerandgeographicinformationtechnologiesꎬsimulationmodelshavebecomeanimportantandeffectivetoolfordisposingawiderangeofenvironmentalissues[12].Thecombinationofgeographicinformationsystems(GIS)andpredictivewaterresourcemodelswasanexcellentwaytosimultaneouslyinvestigatespatialandtemporalphenomena[1315].Atpresentꎬhydrologicandwaterqualitymodelsareplayingakeyroleinefficaciouswatershedplanningꎬdevelopmentandmanagement[1617].ThereforeꎬtosimulatethehydrologicalprocessesandtransportprocessesofNPSpollutantsꎬsoilandwaterassessmenttool(SWAT)modelwasselected.RecentlyꎬSWAThasbeenwidelyappliedinagriculturalNPSpollutioncontrolandregionalmanagementfromsmallwatershedtoriverbasin ̄scale[1820].Tripathietal.adoptedSWATinNagwanWatershedtoidentifythekeyareaofagriculturalNPSpollution[21].Moriasietal.[22]evaluatedthelong ̄terminfluenceofdifferentnitrogenapplicationratesanddepthsonnitrate ̄nitrogenlossesthroughtiledrainswithSWATmodel.ThesestudiesprovedthatSWATmodelhadthecapacityofsimulationinagriculturalwatershed.Aboveallꎬinthisresearchꎬattentionsshouldbefocusedonthefollowingthreequestions.(1)WasSWATmodelcapableofsimulatingthewaterqualitytransportprocessofAshiRiverBasin?(2)Whatwastherelationshipbetweenwaterqualityandlandusetype?(3)Whatwastherelationshipbetweenwaterqualityandlandscapepattern?1 DataandMethods