King Industries, Inc. High Performance Products for Coatings, Inks, Adhesives andSealantsNACURE® & K-CURE®Acid & Blocked Acid CatalystsK-KAT®Non-tin Catalysts for UrethanesNACURE® SUPER CATALYSTSCationic Cure of EpoxiesK-FLEX®Resin Modifiers & Reactive DiluentsK-STAY®Rheology ModifiersK-SPERSE®Wetting & Dispersing AdditivesNACORR®Rust & Corrosion InhibitorsDISPARLON®Thixotropes & Surface Control AdditivesTechnology OverviewSince 1932, King Industries has been supplying specialty chemical products to a variety of industries that are performance driven with ever changing requirements. This is especially true for the coatings, inks, adhesivesand sealant markets, the audience for this product guide. While the brochure covers our standard products,this overview has been designed to give you a summary of our areas of technical expertise and to urge youto contact us if you feel we may be of assistance for your specific product needs.CATALYSISWith over four decades of experience in catalysis, King offers the industry’s broadest spectrum of catalysts including:• Acid and blocked acid (latent) catalysts for amino thermoset systems• Non-tin, mercury-free catalysts for urethanes, foams and cast elastomers• Latent and super acid catalysts for the cationic cure of epoxies• Hydrophobic catalysts for the moisture cure of siloxane functional polymers• Powder catalysts for uretdione crosslinked powder coatings and caprolactam blocked isocyanate powder systemsCORROSION INHIBITIONKing offers ferrous and non-ferrous protection for a wide variety of metals and systems based on threeunique platforms:• Modified trialzole compounds• Amino acid derivativesDISPERSANT TECHNOLOGYWhether organic or inorganic pigment/fillers, King offers a variety of dispersant technologies including:• Solvent free polymeric wetting and dispersing agents for solventless and epoxy systems• Sulfonate based dispersants for non-aqueous, solvent-free and powder systemsRESIN MODIFIERS/REACTIVE DILUENTS• Unique polyester polyols based upon low molecular weight, linear, saturated aliphatic structures with pendent hydroxyl groups• Novel, low molecular weight diols with an all urethane backbone• Acetoacetate functional reactive diluentsRHEOLOGY MODIFIERS• Unique sulfonate based modifiers for non-aqueous systems• Polyamide based thixotropes• Hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethane thickeners for waterborne systemsSURFACE CONTROL ADDITIVESIn addition to King’s internally developed products, the Disparlon® product line represents over 25 years of a technology alliance with Kusumoto Chemical Ltd. of Japan. The Disparlon line offers a broad range of level-ing, defoaming, anti-popping and anti-cratering additives for aqueous, solvent, solventless, UV and powder systems.© All materials copyrighted 2006, King Industries, Inc., Norwalk, CT, USAPRODUCT LINESSYSTEMHigh SolidsWaterborneConventionalPowderUVSECTION I - CATALYSTSNACURE® & K-CURE®ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS 3 K-KAT® NON-TIN CATALYSTS FOR URETHANES9NACURE® SUPER CATALYSTS LATENT CURE OF EPOXIES13SECTION II - RESIN MODIFIERS/REACTIVE DILUENTSK-FLEX®SPECIALTY PRODUCTS 15 K-FLEX®POLYESTER POLYOLS 17K-FLEX®URETHANE DIOLS21SECTION III - SPECIALTY ADDITIVESK-STAY®RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS23 NACORR®RUST & CORROSION INHIBITORS 25 K-SPERSE®WETTING & DISPERSING ADDITIVES 28 DISPARLON® THIXOTROPES30 DISPARLON® DEFOAMERS & ANTI-POPPING AGENTS35 DISPARLON® DISPERSANTS,ANTI-FLOOD & ANTI-FLOAT AGENTS 36DISPARLON® LEVELING & ANTI-CRATERING ADDITIVES37CONTACT INFORMATION: PAGEAPPLICATION CHART Centerfold Table of Contents and System Reference ChartWorld Headquarters King Industries, Inc.Science Road, CT 06852 USA(800) 431-7900 or (203) 866-5551 (203) 866-1268coatings@European Sales Office King International EuropeNoordkade 64, 2741 EZ Waddinxveen The Netherlands+31 182-631360 +31 182-621002 info@kingintl.nlNACURE ® & K-CURE ®Acid & Blocked Acid CatalystsCatalyst By Acid Type Acid Type Acid Catalysts Blocked Catalysts NACURE 155 NACURE X49-110 NACURE 3525NACURE 3327 NACURE 3483 NACURE 1051 NACURE 1323 NACURE 1419NACURE 1557 NACURE 1953NACURE 5076 NACURE 5225NACURE 5414NACURE 5528 NACURE 5925 K-CURE 1040 K-CURE 1040W NACURE 4054 NACURE XC-C207 NACURE 4167 NACURE XP-297 NACURE 4575 NACURE 2107 NACURE 2500 NACURE 2501NACURE 2522 NACURE 2530 NACURE 2547 NACURE 2558AAP & PAPAlkyl Acid Phosphate Phenyl Acid Phosphate Why Use Catalysts? Today’s need for high solids and waterborne coatings requires greater use of high reactivity, lowviscosity resins and crosslinkers. Conversion ofthese systems into tough, chemically resistant, high performance coatings at reduced cure temperatures can be accomplished with the use of a catalyst. Acrylics, alkyds, epoxies and polyesters with reactive functional groups, such as hydroxyl, carbamate or amide can be reacted with melamine, urea and benzoguanamine crosslinkers. Selection of the proper catalyst can facilitate the crosslinking reaction resulting in the following benefits:• Shorter cure schedules• Lower cure temperatures for thermoset highsolids and waterborne coatings• Improved hardness, gloss, humidityand corrosion resistance • Improved mechanical propertiesKing Industries continues to develop catalysts to meet the ever expanding needs of a rapidly changing market.Free Acid Or Latent Catalyst? While acid catalysts provide the fastest cure and lower curing temperatures, blocked catalysts aretypically chosen for systems requiring greater package stability. In addition, troublesome catalyst-pigment interaction can be reduced oreliminated.As can be seen in the table which follows, King’s catalyst line is based upon a variety of acids shownin their structural form. The middle column denotesthe free acid versions while the far right columnshows amine blocked or covalently bondedderivatives for applications requiring extended package stability.Catalyst SelectionThe first thing to consider when selecting a catalyst is what type of crosslinking agent is being used. High solids and waterborne coatings are typicallyformulated with monomeric crosslinkers such as hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine (HMMM) or mixed ether melamine; reaction of these crosslinkers with hydroxy or carbamate functional groups is best achieved with strong acid catalysts like DNNDSA or p-TSA.N A C U R E & K -C U R E A C I D & B L O C K E D A C I D C A T A L Y S T SSO 3H C 9H19HO 3S H 19C9DNNDSAC 9H 19SO 3H H 19C 9DNNSA SO 3HC 12H 25DDBSA CH3SO 3HpTSAMore reactive crosslinkers, which are more polymeric but contain high levels of -NH groups, respond better to a weaker acid such as acid phosphates or low dosages of amine blocked sulfonic acids. The chemical structure of the catalyst, as well as the quantity used, can have a profound impact on such film properties as adhesion, corrosion resistance, flexibility and impact resistance. These differences are apparent not only among different acid types but also among different products within the same chemical family. The table that follows matches the type of crosslink-ing agent and the acid catalyst most suitable for each class.Formulating ConsiderationspH Range - Both fully and partially alkylated amino resins are reactive under acidic pH conditions andrelatively stable in the neutral range. To acceleratethe reaction between binder resin and amino crosslinker, it is necessary to reduce the pH of thesystem through the addition of an acid catalyst. Forfully alkylated melamines, a pH of 3 or lower isrequired to induce cure. Partially alkylated melamines of the high imino type will react in the pH range of 3 to 5.Blocking the acid catalyst with an amine will effectively raise the pH, inhibiting the cure at low temperatures and allowing the formulation of stable one package systems. Amine blocked catalysts canCrosslinking Agent General Acid Category Acid Types Fully alkylated monomeric M/F resins: Fully methylated Fully butylated Mixed ethers Urea formaldehyde resins Benzoguanamine resinsGlycoluril resinsStrong Acids pKa<1 Highly alkylated, high imino M/F resins Partially alkylated poly-meric M/F resinsWeak Acids pKa 1-3Metal SaltsCarboxylic Acid PhosphatesRELATIVE ACID STRENGTH:p-TSA>DNNDSA>DDBSA>DNNSA>Phosphates>CarboxylatesP-TSA DNNDSADDBSADNNSA be prepared at virtually any pH, but usually the best combination of cure and package stability is obtained in the 6.5-7.5 range. Cure Schedule and Temperature Generally, the time and temperature conditions of cure can prescribe the correct catalyst for the application. Strong acids with typical pKa strengths of approximately 0.5-0.7 should give equivalent rates of cure at equal molar concentrations of the acid group. Amine neutralized or polymeric blocked catalysts will demand higher temperatures for full activation, and the pKa of the amine and type of polymer attached to the acid will also influence therate of reactivity. On the next page a table can be found that providesthe various cure profiles for acid catalysts basedupon a 30 minute cure schedule for a typicalResin/HMMM (75/25 ratio) coating. Likewise, priorto the blocked catalyst descriptions, a graph showscure profiles for blocked catalysts under the same conditions.In both cases, the data should be viewed as astarting point and a ladder study should be conducted to optimize the formulation.Quick Formulating Tips Do not over catalyze. Using too much catalyst canbe a costly mistake and one that can cause film properties to suffer significantly.As with any component in a coating, the level, method and order of addition may mean the difference between formulation success or failure. When incorporating catalysts, the following factors should be considered: method of mixing, solvents used, pigments used, pH sensitivity of the resins, temperature at time of addition, substrate and stability/pot life requirements. While some general recommendations can be found in the product description charts, feel free to contactKing’s Technical Service Department at (800) 431-7900 or by email coatings@ for assistance in selecting the proper catalyst for your particular application. N A C U R E & K -C U R E A C I D & B L O C K E D A C I D C A T A L Y S T S4NACURE ® & K-CURE ® Acid CatalystsPRODUCT Acid Type Volatile % Active Acid # lbs./gal. Gardner Color Minimum Cure*Attributes/UsesNACURE 155DNNDSA Isobutanol 55 112-116 8.16 12 max. RT General purpose catalyst. Excellent water, detergent and salt spray resistance.NACURE 1051 DNNSA2-Butoxyethanol50 60-64 8.16 N/A 125°C Best water and corrosion resistance. Recommended for high temperature applications on metal. NACURE 5076 DDBSA Isopropanol 70 130-140 8.27 4 RT Complies with FDA 21 CFR, Sec. 175.300 (b) (3) xiii (a&b)NACURE 4054 AAP Isobutanol50155-165 7.49 1 110°C Weak acid for high NH/polymeric melamines and phenolic crosslinkers.K-CURE 1040 p-TSA Isopropanol 40 130-140 8.25 1 RT Highest gloss. Fastest cure. Excellent weathering and exterior durability.K-CURE 1040W p-TSA Water 40 130-140 9.40 2 RT As above, non-flammable for waterborne applications.K-CURE 129B Mixed AcidsMethanol/n-Butanol50 200-210 8.90 1 RT Fastest cure.Wood and paper coatings.NACURE XC-C207Alkyl Acid Phosphate10065011.8180˚CBroad solubility and excellent ad-hesion, Good package stabilityRT= Room Temperature, cures are possible at catalyst levels of 4-10% *30 minute cure schedule – Resin/Urea (60/40 ratio)NACURE 4046 Phosphate Xylene/Butanol 17 100-112 7.60 2 80°C Complies with FDA 21 CFR, Sec. 175.300 (b) (3) xiii (a&b) Acid Catalysts - Suggested Starting LevelsProduct 70°C90°C110°C125°C150°C175°C200°CNACURE 155 4.7% 2.7% 1.6% 1.2% 0.6% 0.5% 0.3% NACURE 1051 NR NR NR 2.2% 1.4% 0.9% 0.6% NACURE 5076 4.5% 2.5% 1.5% 1.1% 0.7% 0.5% 0.3% NACURE 4054 NR NR 4.0% 2.0% 1.0% NR NR K-CURE 1040/W 4.2% 2.3% 1.4% 1.0% 0.7% 0.4% 0.3% K-CURE 129B 2.6%1.5%0.9%0.7%0.4%0.3%0.2%30 Minute Cure Schedule, catalyst as supplied on Total Resin Solids, Resin/HMMM (75/25 ratio), NR=Not recommendedNACURE 4046 NR 3.0% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.8% 0.5% NACURE XC-C2072.5% 2.0% 1.0% 0.75% 0.5% 0.3% 0.2%Acid Catalysts - Typical Use LevelsThe chart below can be used as a starting point guideline. The suggested cure schedules are based upon a 30 minute cure for typical Resin/HMMM (75/25 ratio) coatings. The suggested starting levelis the percentage of catalyst based on total resin solids.Once a schedule is established, a ladder study should be conducted to optimize the formulation.N A C U R E & K -C U R E A C I D & B L O C K E D A C I D C A T A L Y S T SNACURE® Blocked Acid CatalystsPRODUCT Acid TypeVolatile%ActivepH lbs./gal. GardnerColorMinimumCure*Attributes/UsesNACURE X49-110 DNNDSAIsobutanolIsopropanol25 6.5 - 7.5 7.55 10 max. 90°CBest overall properties. Excellentwater and corrosion resistance, andadhesion.NACURE 3525 DNNDSAIsobutanolIsopropanol25 7.0 - 8.5 7.65 10 max. 120°CBetter solubility than X49-110,slower curing. Good salt sprayresistance and adhesion.NACURE 3327 DNNDSAIsobutanolIsopropanol25 6.5 - 7.5 7.40 N/A 107°CBetter solubility than other amineblocked DSA catalysts.NACURE 3483 DNNDSAXylene25 N/A 8.20 10 max. 120°CLow conductivity for electrostaticspray. High gloss, reduced pigmentinteraction.NACURE 1323 DNNSAXylene 21 6.8 - 7.5 7.43 N/A 150°CHigh temperature applications.Excellent solubility in aromaticand aliphatic solvents.NACURE 1419DNNSAXylene/MIBK 30 N/A 7.74 N/A 150°CElectrostatic spray. High bakeapplications for water, detergentand salt spray resistance.NACURE 1557DNNSAButanol2-Butoxyethanol25 6.5 - 7.5 7.56 N/A 150°CResolves solvent popping in thickfilms. Excellent humidity anddetergent resistance.NACURE 1953DNNSAButanol2-Butoxyethanol25 6.5 - 6.9 7.48 N/A 150°CHigh bake amino crosslinkedsystems such as coil coatingsand metal decorating.NACURE 5225DDBSAIsopropanol 25 6.0 - 7.0 7.40 2 120°CBest solubility in high solidsenamels. Good solubility inaliphatic solvents.NACURE 5414 DDBSAXylene 25 N/A 8.30 4 130°CPolymeric blocked. Excellentelectrostatic spray (non-aqueous).Good intercoat adhesion.NACURE 5528DDBSAIsopropanol 25 7.0 - 8.0 7.50 2 120°CBroad solubility.Excellent color stability.NACURE 5925DDBSAIsopropanol 25 7.0 - 7.5 7.50 2 120°CComplies with FDA 21 CFR, Sec.175.300 (b) (3) xiii (a&b)NACURE 2107p-TSAIsopropanol 25 8.0 - 9.0 7.57 1 90°CGood metal mark resistance.NACURE 2500p-TSAIsopropanol 26 6.0 - 7.0 8.15 1 80°CLow temperature cure.Excellent stability.NACURE 2501TSAMethanolIsopropanol25 6.0 - 7.2 8.01 1 80°CSlightly higher resistivity than 2500.Better ketone solubility.NACURE 2522p-TSAIsopropanolMethanol25 3.5-3.9 7.85 1 80°CPartially neutralized to provide fastercure and reduce wrinkling at highercuring temperatures.NACURE 2530p-TSAMethanolIsopropanol25 5.7 - 6.5 7.90 1 80°CLow temperature cure.Low tendency to yellow or wrinkle.More Blocked Catalysts Continued On Next PageNACURE&K-CUREACID&BLOCKEDACIDCATALYSTSPRODUCTAcid Type Volatile % Active pHlbs./gal.Gardner ColorMinimum Cure* Attributes/UsesNACURE 2547 p-TSA Water 258.0 - 9.0 9.18 1 107°C Readily soluble in waterborne systems. Solvent-free.NACURE 2558 p-TSA Ethylene Glycol 25 3.5 - 4.5 9.64 1 80°C Excellent control of popping and blistering.NACURE XC-8224Mixed Acids Water258.0 - 9.09.08180°CFast cure response and solubility in waterborne coatings.NACURE 4167 Acid PhosphateIsopropanol Isobutanol25 6.8 - 7.5 7.16 2 80°C Blocked phosphate for high NH/polymeric melamines.NACURE XP-297 Acid PhosphateWater Isopropanol25 6.5 - 7.5 8.20 2 90°C Aqueous systems using high NH/polymeric melamines.NACURE 4575Acid PhosphateMethanol Butanol257.0 - 8.08.302100°CHigh gloss. Superb storage stability with polymeric amino resins.NACURE ® Blocked Acid Catalysts - ContinuedTypical Use Levels - Blocked CatalystsThe chart below can be used to as a starting point reference for blocked catalysts. Cure schedules and use levels are based upon a 30 minute cure for typical Resin/HMMM (75/25 ratio) coatings. The percent of catalyst shown is as supplied on TRS.Once a temperature and use level is established from the chart, a ladder study should be conducted to optimize the formulation.Typical Use Levels for Blocked Catalysts Based On Cure Temperature30 Minute Cure - 75/25 Ratio - Resin/HMMM, % Catalyst (as supplied) on Total Resin Solids100 150 200 250 300 350 400 °F(38) (65) (93) (121) (150) (177) (204) °CBlocked p-TSA - (25% Active) 5%1.6% 0.4%Blocked DDBSA - (25% Active)3%1.3% 0.8%Blocked DNNDSA - (25% Active)6% 2.4% 0.7%Blocked DNNSA - (21% Active)3% 2% 1.1%HydrophobicHydrophilicN A C U R E & K -C U R E A C I D & B L O C K E D A C I D C A T A L Y S T SCatalyst Selection by Applications & PerformanceApplication areas for acid and blocked acid catalysts cover a broad spectrum of end-uses, from medium to high solid solvent-based formulations to water reducible and latex systems. Typical applications are summarized below.The cross reference chart shows you specific performance properties to types of catalysts. As always, our technical service staff can assist you with meeting your particular requirements .ApplicationSolvent SystemsWaterborne SystemsAppliancesNACURE 1323, NACURE X49-110 NACURE 1419, NACURE 3483 NACURE 155, NACURE X49-110NACURE 3525 Automotive BasecoatNACURE 5525, NACURE 2500 NACURE 5528, NACURE 3525NACURE 2500, NACURE 5076 NACURE 2547, NACURE 5528Automotive Topcoat/Clearcoat NACURE 5225, NACURE 2500, 2522, 4054, 5414 & 5528 NACURE 2500, NACURE 5076NACURE 2547, 5528, 5225 and 4167 Can NACURE 5925, NACURE 155NACURE 3483, NACURE 3525 & 4046 NACURE 155, NACURE 5925NACURE 5076 Coil (PCM) NACURE 1051, NACURE 1323 NACURE 1419, NACURE 2107 & 4046NACURE 2500, NACURE 5225NACURE X49-110InksNACURE 155, NACURE 1051K-CURE 1040 NACURE 155 K-CURE 1040W Metal Decorating NACURE 155, K-CURE 1040K-CURE 129B NACURE 155 K-CURE 1040WPaper Coatings K-CURE 1040, K-CURE 129BNACURE 155 K-CURE 1040W, NACURE 155NACURE 2530 Primers NACURE X49-110, NACURE 3525NACURE 1323 NACURE 155, NACURE X49-110NACURE 3525 Wood FinishingNACURE 155, K-CURE 1040K-CURE 129BNACURE 155, K-CURE 1040WNACURE 2530Catalyst Selection by Performance PropertiesPerformance Property Adhesion ▲ ■ ■ Chip Resistance ▲ ■ Corrosion Resistance ▲ ▲ Detergent Resistance ■ ▲ Electrostatic Conductivity ■ ▲ ■ FDA 175.300 ▲ Film Flexibility ▲ ■ Film Hardness ■ ▲ Flow & Leveling ■ ▲ ■ High Gloss▲ ▲ Moisture Resistance ▲ ▲ ■ Package Stability ▲ ■ QUV Resistance▲■KEY: ▲ - Highly Recommended ■ - RecommendedDNNDSA DNNSA DDBSA p-TSA AAP/PAPN A C U R E & K -C U R E A C I D & B L O C K E D A C I D C A T A L Y S T SK-KAT ® Non-Tin Catalysts for PolyurethanesIntroductionAmines and organometallic catalysts are commonlyused as accelerators in the polyol/isocyanate reac-tion to produce polyurethanes. When formulating a polyurethane coating, it has been found that bothperformance and properties can be affected by the choice of catalyst.Amine catalysts are typically used in foam applica-tions. Their catalytic activity accelerates the reactionof aromatic isocyanates with water and alcohols, releasing carbon dioxide. Use of amines in coatingapplications, however, is generally not acceptablebecause of their negative effect on film properties,especially yellowing.King Industries has developed a range ofcatalysts for isocyanate-hydroxyl crosslinking that are based on bismuth, aluminum and zirconium metal chelates and complexes. These K-KAT cata-lysts are not only environmentally more acceptable than organotin compounds, but can offer perform-ance advantages as well.PRODUCT Composition%Non-volatilelbs./gal.Typical Use Levels(% on total resin solids) 2K Blocked NCO Attributes/UsesK-KAT 348 Bismuth Carboxylate7510.00.03-0.1 0.5-2Similar to DBDTL, particularly effective for blocked isocyanates and elastomers K-KAT XC-B221 Bismuth Carboxylate1009.40.03-0.1 0.5-2Improved hydrolytic stability. Especially effective in cationic electro-coatings.K-KAT XC-C227 Bismuth Carboxylate 88 9.3 0.05-0.5 0.5-2Resistant to hydrolysis. Im-proved potlife & high reactivity in forced dried applications K-KAT 4205 Zirconium Chelate 2,4 - PentanedioneN/A 8.11-2 NotRecommendedGood potlife, recommended for ambient cure (not bake/force dry)K-KAT 5218 Aluminum ChelateComplex Reactive Diluent 659.11-2 NotRecommendedExcellent potlife with 2,4, pentanedioneK-KAT 6212 Zirconium Complex Reactive Diluent 95 8.20.3-2 NotRecommended Fast cure, waterborne systems Plural componentK-KAT XK-602 Metal Complex100 Powder 1.0-5.0 Powder CoatingsUretdione crosslinked andcaprolactam blocked isocyanate powder coatings.K-KAT XK-604Organometallic Complex100 10.0 0.1-0.5%100% solids 2K urethanes for cast elastomers. Similar cure profile to mercury catalysts.K-KAT A209 Zirconium Complex Reactive Diluent 35 7.9O0.05-1 NotRecommendedFast cure, waterborne, slow reacting systems Resin synthesisSpecific K-KAT catalysts can be selected to enhance these advantages, including reduced water reaction, improved pot life, faster cure, improved catalysis in cationic electrocoating and reduced hydrolysis of ester groups. Unique Non-tin Catalysts K-KAT 348, XC-B221 and XC-C227 - Bismuth Carboxylate Catalysts Provide properties similar to DBTDL. They are particularly effective in blocked isocyanate and elastomer systems.K-KAT 4205, 6212, and A209 - Zirconium Catalysts can offer fast, selective catalysis of 2K urethane coatings. K-KAT 5218 - Aluminum Chelate Catalyst is used in 2K systems where extended potlife is desired.K-KAT XK-602 - Metal complex designed for powder coatings. K-KAT XK-604 - Mercury Replacement Catalyst based on a proprietary organometallic complexes.K -K A T C A T A L Y S T S F O R U R E T H A N E SK-KAT Products and PerformanceK-KAT 348K-KAT 348 is a bismuth carboxylate which can be used in blocked isocyanate and two component urethane systems offering: • Excellent exterior durability • Non-yellowing characteristics • Excellent gloss retention K-KAT 348 Vs. DBTDL - YellowingA good indicator of resistance to yellowingisb* Color Value where a higher number corresponds to increased yellowing. The graph below demonstrates that similar QUVdurability is obtainable with K-KAT 348 as compared to DBTDL. K-KAT 4205K-KAT 4205 is a liquid zirconium complex which isan effective catalyst for 2K urethane coatings offering: • Fast tack free time • Excellent viscosity stability/pot life • Excellent exterior durability • Use levels at low metal concentrations K-KAT 4205/DBTDL TACK-FREE TIME COMPARISON Polyester/Isocyanate , Ambient Cure, Equal Pot LifeK-KAT 4205 (0.0012% metal) DBTDL (0.0042% metal) 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 HOURSK-KAT 5218K-KAT 5218 can be used in both baked and ambient cured 2K urethane systems offering:• Synergy with pot life extenders such as2,4 - Pentandione• Excellent exterior durabilittyK-KAT 5218/DBTDL POT LIFE COMPARISON 2K Polyester/HDI Trimer, Ambient Cure, Equal Dry TimeK-KAT XC-C227K-KAT XC-C227 offers excellent resistance to hydrolysis compared to conventional bismuth carboxylate catalysts as shown in the photos below.K-KAT XC-C227 Conventional Bismuth CatalystTwo Months Humidity Exposure Open ContainerBismuth carboxylate catalysts will also hydrolyze when diluted with solvents that contain trace amounts of water.K -K A T C A T A L Y S T S F O R U R E T H A N E SQUV STUDY - K-KAT 348/DBTDLAcrylic/Blocked NCO - 30 Minutes/138˚CK-KAT A209 K-KAT A209 is a concentrated version of 6212 that is best suited for slower curing formulations. Typical uses include:• Slow curing formulations such as IPDIcrosslinked coatings• Resin synthesis• NCO terminated prepolymersK -K A T C A T A L Y S T S F O R U R E T H A N E SK-KAT XK-602K-KAT KX-602 was specifically designed to for use in uretdione crosslinked powder coatings to lower cure temperatures while preventing yellowing which is a common problem associated with standard amine based catalysts used in these coatings. These performance characteristics are shown in the table which follows.Polyester/Uretdione Powder CostingTest results show the use of K-KAT XK-602 can lower cure temperatures and even under overbake curing conditions reduce yellowing.TEST RESULTS(Overbake)Control1.25% XK-602 On TRS 5.0% XK-602 On TRSSubstrate Initial Cure Schedule 20 minutes at 200˚ 20 minutes at 170˚C30 minutesat 150°C b*0.12 -0.2 0.43 White index 89.5 90.8 90.8 Yellow index -0.8 -1.7 -0.03 1st Overbake Schedule (∆) 20 minutes at 200˚C 20 minutes at 170˚C 30 minutes at 150°C b*2.5 (2.4) -0.05 (0.20) 0.5 (0.1) White index 79.2 (10.3) 90.1 (0.7) 90.3 (0.5) Yellow index3.7 (4.5) -1.1 (0.6) 0.16 (0.2) 2nd Overbake Schedule (∆) 20 minutes at 200˚C 20 minutes at 170˚C 20 minutes at 200°C b* 3.3 (3.2) 0.09 (0.3) 3.2 (2.8) White index 73.8 (15.7) 89.3 (1.5) 76.9 (13.9) BONDERITE 1000 With the use of an acid scavenger, K-KAT XK-602 has shown to be effective at temperatures as low as 140˚C. K-KAT XK-604 K-KAT XK-604 is based on a blend of proprietaryorganometallic complexes and is highly effectivewhen used to cure cast elastomers, such as 100% solids 2K urethanes. As shown in the profile belowK-KAT XK-604 offers a similar cure profile to mer-cury catalysts without the environmental and toxicity issues.In addition to offering good latency before snap curing, XK-604 can also provide improved post-gel cure compared to other mercury replacement cata-lysts. Gel Cure Profile K-KAT XK-604 to Mercury Catalyst K-KAT XK-604Mercury CatalystK-KAT 6212 K-KAT 6212 is recommended for use in two com-ponent plural gun or in-line mixing applications pro-viding advantages as follows. • Rapid cure response and fast tack free time • Excellent low temperature cure response • High selectivity for - NCO/OH reaction overthe NCO/water reaction K-KAT 6212 must be added to the isocyanate com-ponent.。
Unit12 What‟s the matter?Name:一Look and write “What‟s the matter with him/her?”1. 2. 3._______________________ ______________________ __________________________4. 5. 6._______________________ _______________________ _________________________ 二Listen to the conversation and finish the questions.1.Why is Ms. West exhausted?______________________________________2.What‟s Dr. Young‟s advice?( )A.Take one pill every night after dinner.e some muscle cream.C.Ms. West can‟t drink coffee, tea or soda.D.Ms. West can‟t work too hard.E.Drink lots of juice.F.She‟d better see a dentist.三Listen and fill in the blanks1.Dr Young: What‟s the matter, Ben?Ben: I think I have a cold. ______________________. I have a sore throat and a headache. Dr. Young: OK. Let‟s take a look...Yes, you have a cold. Let me give you some cold pills. _______________________________________.Ben: Thanks, Dr. Young.2.Dr. Young: How do you feel today, Alison?Alison: A littel better. But I have a sore elbow.Dr. Young: Hmm. Let me see. Yes, well, I …m going to give you some muscle cream. Rub some _____________________ three times a day.Alison: _______________________. OK, Dr. Young. Thank you.3.Dr. Young: That‟s it, Jeffrey. Everything‟s fine. Anything else?Jeffrey: Well, I have a really bad toothache.Dr. Young: Hmm. That‟s too bad. Well _______________ soon. But here‟s some aspirin to _____________________.Jeffrey:OK.4. Dr. Young: What can I do for you, marta?Marta: I have really sore eyes, and my wrists are sore, too.Dr. Young: Well, let me look at you. Hmm.Do you_______________________a lot? Marta: Well, yeah--for homework and other school things.Dr. Young: I see. Well, take breaks often. And use these eye drops for your sore eyes. Marta: OK. Thanks.Dr. Young: You‟re welcome. Feel better, Marta.四Finish the chartBen Alison Jeffrey Marta Symptom/‟simptəm/Dr. Young‟sadvice五Writing根据表格内容以Tyler的名义写一篇文章，注意：语法格式正确，表格信息完整，不少于50词。
2012（一）完形 - 法官伦理理Part1 单词1、justices n.法官judiciary n.司法部⻔门judgment n.评判2、instance n.事例例3、lest 以恐；引出产⽣生某种感情的原因eg. She was afraid lest she had revealed too much. 她担⼼心她泄露露的太多了了。
4、restore v.恢复5、compromise v.违背；达不不到；使遭受危险6、advance v.促进，推进；发展，提出(⽅方案）7、prone n.可能性；有不不好事情的趋向8、envision v.设想9、provided 只要，在...条件下10、though 让步，使语⽓气变弱11、confirm v.证实，确认；加强，巩固12、cultivate v.结交，获得；培养，耕作13、frame n.框架framer n.制定者14、division n.部⻔门，分歧15、convention n.习俗；惯例例16、dismiss v.对...不不屑⼀一顾17、standalone a.独⽴立的18、inescapably ad.不不可避免地19、suppress v.镇压、压制；（贬义）阻⽌止，抑制发展20、exploit v.利利⽤用⼈人或事为⾃自⼰己谋私利利剥削；开发；利利⽤用21、amiable a.和蔼可亲的；亲切友好的Part2 短语1、the rule of law 法治2、be bind by ... 受（准则、协议等）约束bind ~ bound3、at the very least ⾄至少，起码4、dismiss A as B 补充对A的具体看法B的感情⾊色彩与dismiss⼀一致5、agreeable to sb. 对某⼈人来说，某事可以接受6、sth. is accessible to sb. 某事对某⼈人是可以达到的，接近的7、by all means 尽⼀一切⽅方法，务必Text 1 - 同侪压⼒力力 Part1 单词1、whisper v.⼩小声说，⽿耳语whistle n.⼝口哨2、supply n.供给supplement n.补充3、recipe n.⻝⾷食谱recipient n.接受者4、perceptive a.敏敏锐的，有洞洞察⼒力力的5、critique n.批评6、spot-on a.准确的7、glaring a.明显的8、virtuous a.有道德的9、tactic n.⽅方法，策略略10、engineer v.[僻义]策划，设计Part2 短语1、Herd Mentality 从众⼼心理理2、group dynamics 群体互动3、take a page from 学习...= take a leaf4、general effectiveness 整体效果Text 2 - 承诺 Part1 单词1、justified a.合理理的，有正当理理由的2、recure v.得到，获取rescue v.营救3、desperate a.不不顾⼀一切的；绝望的4、vision n.视⼒力力；幻象；美景v.想象；显现5、result v.导致6、regulatory a.控制的7、precedent-setting a.开创先例例的8、pledge v.正式承诺plead v.恳求9、review v.复审10、defy v.蔑视，违抗11、withdraw v.撤回12、pilgrim n.朝圣者Part2 短语1、honor one’s own promises 履履⾏行行承诺2、renege on 背信弃义3、abide by 遵守4、a desperate effort 拼死努⼒力力5、go along 赞同，同意live by 遵守；按某原则⽣生活6、regulatory power 监管权7、beside the point ⽆无关紧要8、pledge to do 保证…Text 3 - 取信过程 Part1 单词1、abound v.⼤大量量存在2、subsequent a.随后的，后来的3、self-deception n.⾃自欺deceptiveness n.欺骗4、ambiguous a.模棱两可的ambitious a.有野⼼心的5、collect v.收集collectable a.可收集的collective a.集体的6、protoscience n.源科学proto- 词根，表示起源7、intellectual a.智⼒力力的8、credit n.荣誉9、confrontation n.对⽴立10、paradox n.悖论11、modification n.改变，修饰12、refutation n.改变，修饰13、inspire v.启发14、confirmation n.确认15、laureate n.获奖⼈人16、correspond v.相⼀一致17、revise v.修正18、accompany v.伴随Part2 短语1、full of potential 充满潜能2、intellectual credit 学术赞誉3、work one‘s way through 排除困难朝特定⽅方向前进4、Nobel Laureate 诺奖得主5、open to ... 易易受...损害的6、correspond to 相当于Text 4 - ⼯工会Part1 单词1、prime n.全盛期2、Britain n.英国3、patrol v.巡查4、backload v.回程装载5、egregiously ad.惊⼈人地6、academy n.私⽴立中学，学院7、drawn-out a.延⻓长的，持续很久的8、norm n.标准Part2 短语1、be in one’s prime 正值鼎盛期2、civil servants 公务员3、in the way of ... 在...⽅方⾯面4、go back a long way 由来已久5、work practices ⼯工作惯例例，体制，⼯工作管理理6、pay deals ⼯工资协定7、merit pay 绩效⼯工资8、get rid of bad one’s and promote good ones 优胜劣汰9、clamp down 镇压10、norms of culture ⽂文化标准新题型 - 电脑上传Part1 单词1、diabetes n.糖尿尿病2、tale n.故事3、aeroplane n.⻜飞机4、fleeting a.短暂的5、brown-paper a.⽜牛⽪皮纸的6、inheritor n.后继者，继承⼈人7、labour v.⾟辛勤勤⼯工作，努⼒力力8、press n.出版社9、visionary n.梦想家，有远⻅见的⼈人10、paintbrush n.画笔11、fabulous a.难以置信的12、superfluous a.多余的，过剩的13、tread v.踩14、celebrate v.赞美，称颂15、sculpture n.雕刻，雕塑16、advent n.出现，到来17、content a.满⾜足的n.内容18、tap n.⽔水⻰龙头19、count v.算是，看作20、constitution n.宪法constituent n.成分convention n.会议21、engender v.产⽣生，造成22、spark v.引起，导致23、mount v.登⼭山；发起24、bear v.具有，带有，显示25、format n.格式Part2 短语1、labour to 不不辞⾟辛苦...2、printing press 印刷机3、the mail carrier 邮差4、commercial agendas 商业模式5、tread with caution 步步⼩小⼼心，⾔言⾏行行谨慎6、turn around 反过来；转变，好转7、for all 虽然，尽管8、strip sb. of sth. 剥夺(头衔、财产或权⼒力力)9、move beyond 超越翻译 - 语⾔言进化 Part1 单词1、enterprise n.事业，规划2、explicatory a.解释的3、unification n.统⼀一4、generation a.⽣生成的general a.⼤大概的，⼀一般的5、equation n.等式，公式6、dimension n.范围7、universe n.领域；宇宙8、entail v.牵涉，使...成为必要9、nonetheless prep.尽管如此10、justification n.辩护，证明为正当11、bewildering a.令⼈人眼花缭乱的12、custom n.习惯；关税consume v.习惯costume n.戏服13、region n.地区religion n.宗教14、consider v.讨论15、dictate v.⼝口授；命令，⽀支配16、unfold v.展现，充分表现17、initiate v.发起，创始18、bias n.[僻]趋势Part2 短语1、universal truths 普遍真理理2、courtship rituals 示爱仪式3、in ... terms 从...⽅方⾯面来说= in terms of4、in the light of ... 根据，按照5、result from ... 由...造成6、bear out 证实7、family tree 家谱；谱系8、be independent of ... 与…⽆无关作⽂文 1 - 欢迎+建议 Part1 单词1、fulfilling a.有意义的2、boast v.有，⾃自夸eg. Local squads boast plenty of talents.译：地⽅方代表队有许多⼈人才。
