新目标英语初一上册_语法+总结
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Unit1-Unit4 总结
问候：
Good morning/afternoon/evening.早上好/下午好/晚上好 （Good night.晚安）
How are you? 答：I‟m fine/OK, thanks/thank
you.
How do you do? 答：How do you do?
Nice/Glad to meet/see you. 答：Nice/Glad to
meet/see you, too.
一、系动词
⑴am只跟I；
⑵is：①跟he、she、it；②跟单数（名词）。
⑶are：①跟you；②跟复数（代词名词）。
例句：
⑴I am a dancer. I’m happy.
⑵He is Jim. He’s tall.
She is Gina. She’s 12 years old.
It is my new bag. It’s red.
The bag is in the desk. (单数名词is)
⑶You are a student. You’re young.
The pants are 20 dollars. They’re blue. (复数名词用are)
缩写：am, is, are用在名词或代词后常用缩略形式:
„m, „s, „re。not 和其前面的动词也常可缩写成n't（有例外）。
二、人称代词
数 单数 复数
格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 he him they them
she her they them
it it they them
I(我主)like you(你宾).
You(你主)like me(我宾).
He(他主) likes her(她宾).
She(她主) likes him(他宾). We(我们主)like them(他们宾).
They(他们主)like us(我们宾)
三、物主代词
人称 单数 复数
形容词性 名词性 形容词性 名词性
第一人称 my mine our
Ours
第二人称 your yours your yours
第三人称 His, her, its His, hers,
its their theirs
My/your/his/her/our/their pen is red.
The pen is mine/yours/his/hers/ours/theirs.
四、指示代词（作主语时）单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式
⑴肯定句：
This is a cat.(这是) These are cats.(这些是)
That is a tree.(那是) Those are trees.(那些是)
⑵否定句：
This isn‟t(is not)a cat.(这不是)
These aren‟t(are not)cats.(这些不是)
That isn‟t(is not)a tree.(那不是)
Those aren‟t(are not)trees.(那些不是)
⑶一般疑问句： 注意回答↓
Is this a cat? (这是…吗?) Yes，it is.
Are these cats?(这些是…吗?) Yes, they are.
Is that a tree?(那是…吗?) No, it isn‟t.
Are those trees?(那些是…吗?) No, they aren‟t.
五、疑问代词what
⑴疑问代词what+人称代词it、they
What‟s it? 答：It‟s a key.
What‟re they? 答：They‟re keys.
⑵疑问代词what+指示代词this、that、these、those
What‟s this? It‟s an orange.
What‟s that? It‟s……
What‟re these? They‟re……
What‟re those? They‟re……
⑶疑问代词what+名词color+⑴或⑵
What color is it? It‟s orange.
What color are they? They‟re orange.
What color is this? It‟s……
What color is that? It‟s……
What color are these?
六、疑问副词where
Where is my pencil? It‟s in the bag.
Where are her keys? They‟re on the desk.
一、动词(系动词、实义动词、助动词、情态动词)
1.系动词：见总结1.
2.实义动词：本身有较完整的意义，在句中可单独充当句子成分。如have/like/take/make等等等等。
【注意】主语为单数名词或代词时，谓语动词要加S。
(1)He likes swimming.
(2)She makes a cake.
3.助动词do/dose：本身无意义，不能独立作谓语。与实义动词一起帮助构成否定、疑问等结构。
(1)They have a baseball.
They don‟t(do not)have a baseball.
Do they have a baseball?
(2)He has a foot ball.
He dosen‟t(dose not)have a football.
Dose he have a football?
【注意】
（1）主语第三人称单数时用dose，其他情况用do；
（2）助动词do、dose后必须为动词原形。
4.情态动词can：
（1）后面加动词原形：
He can speak English.
（2）否定句和疑问句由can本身完成
He can‟t(can not)speak English.
Can he speak English? 二、冠词 a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。
不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如an apple. a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。
(1)This is a cat. 这是一只猫。
(2)It's an English book. 这是一本英语书。
(3)His father is a worker. 他的爸爸是个工人。
the既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。
(1)Who's the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？
(2)What can you see in the classroom?
I can see a bag.
Where's the bag?
It's on the desk.
一、名词复数
(一)规则的：
1.加s：maps bags cars
2.以s, x, sh, ch结尾的加es：
buses, boxes, fishes. Watches
3.以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的直接加s：oranges
4.以o结尾的：
无生命的加sphotos kilos（千克）
有生命的加es：tomatoes potatoes
5.辅音y结尾的，变y为i加es：
families babies dictionaries cities
(二)不规则的：
1.man-men、woman-women、knife-knifes
policeman-poliocemen child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth
a sheep-two sheep a deer-many deer（2）表示民族的词：
aJapanese/Chinese-twoJapanese/Chinese
(3) 俄美德意（印）澳，加上“s”莫忘掉
Russians Americans Germans Italians Indians Australians
(4)大傻瓜，是英法，a变e来也不怕Englishman-Englishmen
Frenchman-Frenchmen
